Richard Seltzer's home page Publishing home Genealogy Files
Relativity:
Ancestry from the Perspective of Adela and Lila Seltzer
___________
The numbering system used here is based on binary fractions. 1 = father, 0 = mother. The number defines the line of descent, moving from Adela and Lila backwards, one digit per generation. For instance, "0.10110" means father mother father father mother. Lila and Adela are descended from everyone with a number. If you appear here with a number, you are a descendant of everyone with a number which begins with your number. In other words 0.1 is descended from everyone with a number beginning 0.1 This is my own idiosyncratic system. If you have suggestions for improvement, please let me know. Richard Seltzer mailto:seltzer@seltzerboks.com
Further thoughts on this system seltzerbooks/current.html#binary
How I assembled much of this information seltzerbooks.com/gen/ancestorsurfing.html
There are over 1600 direct ancestors listed here (not
including cousins and other collateral relatives). But that is very few
compared to the total number of your ancestors. Going back 55 generations,
doubling with each generation, we each would have 36,028,797,018,963,968
(over 36 quadrillion) ancestors in that generation alone; and a grand total of 72,057,594,037,927,934 (over 72 quadrillion).
But there were only about 200 million people in the entire world back in 400
AD. The discrepancy comes from cousins marrying distant cousins, usually with
no idea that they were cousins. Everyone of European descent alive today has
ancestors in common. Whoever you are, even if you don't know who your
great-grandmother was, some part of this family tree is yours. And if you have children and your children
have children for about 35 generations, everyone alive on Earth a thousand
years from now will be your descendant, will have genes that passed through
you. We're all one family.
As Walt Whitman put
it:
This is not only
one man, this is the father of those who shall be
fathers in their turns.
In him the start of populous states and rich republics,
Of him countless immortal lives with countless embodiments and enjoyments.
How do you know who shall come from the offspring of his offspring through the
centuries?
___________
Direct Lines
Seltzer Family,
(Starting from Generation 1), 0.1 Robert Seltzer, 1975 (back to 1572)
Denenberg Family, (Starting from Generation 1), 0.0
Stacey Denenberg, 1976
Goryn Family,
(Starting from Generation 2), 0.00
Charlotte R. Goryn, 1947 (back to 1881)
Hartley Family,
(Starting from Generation 2), 0.10 Barbara Ann Hartley, 1950 (back to 1883)
The Schipper Family, (Starting from
Generation 3), 0.000 Adela Schipper, 1912 (back to 1878)
The Perlow
Family, (Starting from Generation 3), 0.010 Beatrice J. Perlow, 1912 (back to
1858)
Estes Family, (Starting
from Generation 3), 0.110 Helen Estes, 1920 (back to 970)
Wilson Family, (Starting from
Generation 3), 0.100 Mary Wilson, 1911 (back to 1837)
The Begun Family, (Starting from Generation
4), 0.0100 Bluma Begun, 1886 (back to 1830)
Daly Family, (Starting from
Generation 4), 0.1110 Lillian Leona Daly, 1890 (back to 1724)
Gillespie Family, (Starting
from Generation 4), 0.1000 Mary Jane Gillespie, 1881 (back to 1850)
Davis Family, (Starting from
Generation 4), 0.1010 Nell Davis, 1883, (back to 1804)
The Taubenfeld
Family, (Starting from Generation 5), 0.00000 Beily Taubenfeld
The Moore Family, (Starting from
Generation 5), 0.11010 Eliza "Lily" Yates Moore,
1852 (back to 1725)
The Yates Family, (Starting from Generation
6), 0.110100 Mary Ordelia Yates, 1820 (back to 1727)
Hocker Family, (Starting
from Generation 6), 0.111110 Anna Hocker,
1827 (back from 1749)
Bates Family, (Starting
from Generation 7), 0.1101119 Sarah Langhorne Bates, c. 1780 (back to 1685)
Bell Family, (Starting from
Generation 8), 0.11011100 Elizabeth Cary Bell, 1758 (back to 1716)
Cary Family, (Starting from Generation 9), 0.110111000 Judith Cary, 1726 (back to 1492)
The Lewis Family, (Starting from Generation
9), 0.110100110 Frances Fielding Lewis,1731 (back from 1669)
The Fleming Family, (Starting from
Generation 10), 0.1101110110 Susannah Tarleton Fleming, c. 1685 (back to 1252)
Neff Family, (Starting
from Generation 10), 0.111111110 Anna Catherina
Neff, 1666 (back to 1406)
Zimmerman Family,
(Starting from Generation 11),0.1111111100 Regina Zimmerman, 1629 (back to
1580)
Warner Family,
(Starting from Generation 11), 0.1101001010 Elizabeth Warner, 1672 (back to
1621)
Tarleton Family, (Starting from
Generation 11) 0.11011101100 Susannah
Tarleton
Ringer Family,
(Starting from Generation 12), 0.11111111000 Anna Ringger,
1591 (back to 1288)
The Lusi
Family, (Starting from Generation 12), 0.11111111000 Anna Lusi,
1608 (back to 1580)
Livingston Family,
(Starting from Generation 14), 0.1101110110110 Margaret Livingston, 1634 (back to 1500)
Graham Family, (Starting with
Generation 15), 0.110111011011110 Lilias
Graham, 1570 (back to 1424)
First Douglas Family, (Starting
from Generation 17), 0.1101110110110110 Agnes Douglas, c. 1500
First Stewart Family,
(Starting from Generation 19), 0.11011101101101110 Joan Stewart,
1428 (back to 1278)
Oldenburg Family, (Starting from
Generation 19), Margaret of Denmark, 1456, (back to c. 1350)
The Keith Family, (Starting from
Generation 20), 0.110111011011110110 Lady Janet Keith, c.
1492 (back to 1492)
Beaufort Family,
(Starting from Generation 20), 0.1101110110110111100 Joan Beaufort, 1404 (back to 1043)
Schauenburg
Family, (Starting from Generation 21), 0.110111011011111101010
Hedvig of Schuaenburg, 1398
(back to c. 1300)
Gordon Family, (Starting from
Generation 21), 0.1101110110111101100
Lady Elizabeth or Eliza Gordon, c. 1500 (back to c. 1400)
The Holland Family, (Starting from
Generation 21), 0.11011101101101111000 Margaret Holland, 1385 (back to 1283)
First Drummond Family,
(Starting from Generation 21), 0.1101110110111101110
Annabella Drummond, 1350 (back to 1153)
The Bruce Family, (Starting from
Generation 23), 0.1101110110110111101110 Marjorie Bruce,
1296, (bak to 1142)
Plantagenet Family, (Starting
from Generation 23), 0.1101110110110111100010 Joan the Fair Maid of Kent, 1328 (back to 1043)
Capet Family, (Starting from
Generation 24), 0.110111011011011110001110 Marguerite of France, 1282 (back
to 1245)
The Hohenzollern Family,
(Starting from Generation 24), Dorothea of Brandenburg, 1430 (back to 1139)
Second
Family of Denmark, (Starting from Generation 25), 0.1101110110111111010110100
Sophia of Denmark, 11239 (back to c. 950)
Brabant Family, (Starting from
Generation 25), 0.1101110110110111100011100 Maria of Brabant, 1254 (back
to 1207)
Family
of Provence (Starting from Generation 26), 0.1101110110110111100111110 Eleanor of
Provence , 1223 (back to 1157)
Family of Baldwin of
Constantinople, (Starting from Generation 27),0.11011101101101111001101110
Margaret II Countess of Flanders and Countess of Hainault, 1202 (back to 800)
Second Hohenstaufen Family,
(Starting from Generation 29), 0.110111011011111101011010010010 Judith of
Hohenstaufen, 1133 (back to c. 1020)
First Family of Saxony,
(Starting from Generation 29), 0.11011101101111110101001111110 Mathilda,
Duchess of Saxony, 1156 (back to 1133)
The Family of Aquitaine, (Starting from Generation
30), 0.11011101101101111001101110010 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1122 (back to 820)
Welf or Guelph
Family, (Starting from Generation 30), 0.11011101101101111000111001010 Judith of Welf
or Guelph, 1130 (back to c. 950)
Third Family of Saxony, (Starting from Generation 36), 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110 Gerberga of Saxony, 913 (back to c. 820)
Holy Roman Emperors, (Starting from
Generation 38), 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110 Judith of Flanders, 844 (Back to 382
Family
of Austrasia, (Starting from Generation 45),
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110 Name Unknown, 709 (back to 437)
Merovingian Family,
(Starting from Generation 48), from
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010 Blithide, 538 (back to 388)
Cousins (from the perspective of Adela and Lila)
Highlights (historical and literary
figures)
The Seltzer Family
The early generations of the
Seltzer family in Germany are based on information found at Ancestry.com From
(Johann) Michael Seltzer (1740-1815) onward, the family record compiled by Ray Behm and the information from Ancestry.com
is in agreement.
See Ray Behm's
genealogy for more detail on recent generations and collateral lines.
Adela Rose Seltzer b. Nov. 9, 2007
Lila Pearl Seltzer b. May 27, 2010
daughters of
Generation 1
0.1 Robert Richard Hartley Seltzer (b. July 29, 1975), Milton Academy 1993, BS Yale 1997, MBA and MS Wharton md. Aug. 10, 2002 in Boston, MA 0.0 Stacey Denenberg (b. July 18, 1976), BS and MS Yale 1998, MBA Wharton Dennenberg Family
Robert's siblings =
Heather Katherine Hartley Seltzer (b. Aug. 13, 1977 in Boston) Newton Country Day, 1995; Sarah Lawrence, 1999 md. Jennifer Moon
Michael Richard Hartley Seltzer (b. June 14, 1980 in Boston) St. Sebastian's, Northeastern Univ.
Timothy Richard Hartley Seltzer (b. Oct. 5, 1989 in Boston) Catholic Memorial, now lives in Brooklyn.
children of
Generation 2
0.11 Richard Warren (8) Seltzer, Jr. (b. Feb. 23 1946 Clarksville, TN) BA Yale 1969, MA U. of Mass. 1973 md. (1) July 28, 1973 Boston, MA 0.10 Barbara Ann Hartley (Feb. 20 1950 - Dec. 4 2012) Albertus Magnus 1971 Hartley Family md. (2) Sept. 27, 2015 Orange, CT Marilyn Mandel Lender (b. Aug. 22, 1945) divorced Milford, CT, March 28, 2017
Richard Warren Seltzer, Jr. with mother Helen Estes
Seltzer, July 1946, 5 months old.
Richard Warren Seltzer, Jr., at Sunnyside Avenue in Philadelphia, 1950 (four
years old).
Richard's sister =
Raven (Sallie) Seltzer (b. Jan. 8, 1964 in Bristol, PA. BA Mount Holyoke, Master's in Film USC, screenwriter, singer, song writer, yoga instructor, acupuncturist. Now lives in North Carolina.
Raven (Sallie) Seltzer in 1967
Raven (Sallie) Seltzer in 2015
children of
Generation 3
0.111 Richard Warren Seltzer, Sr. (b. June 5, 1923 Washington, DC d. June 14, 2014 ) md. June 5, 1944 in Philadelphia, PA, 0.110 Helen Estes (b. Jan. 31, 1920 Philadelphia, PAd.- Dec. 28, 2010 West Roxbury, MA) Estes Family
Richard B.A. Univ. of Md.; M.S. Univ. of
Penna.; Ed.D. Univ. of Md., superintendent of schools Bristol Township,
Huntingdon Valley, and Columbia, PA. autobiography and doctoral dissertation
available online.
Richard Warren Seltzer, Sr., with mother Lillian
Leona Seltzer in background, June 5, 1927 (4 years old).
photo of the house he was born in -- 640 E St. NE, Washington, DC taken July 26, 1902, with Uncles Charles and his bicycle in front
photo of Lillian, James, Richard, and Phil on the road to Myersville MD 1932
photo of Lillian and sons Philip and Richard at home at 1234 Pinecrest Circle in Woodside Park, MD 19 January 1930
Richard's
siblings = (click on links for details below
Charles Philip Setlzer (1921-2008)
James Henry Seltzer
(1928-2013)
Children of
Generation 4
0.1111 Warren Ray Seltzer (April 20, 1891 Washington, DC - April 13, 1978, Washington, DC) architect, md. June 19, 1918 0.1110 Lillian Leona Daly (Oct. 6, 1890 - April 15, 1973) Daly Family
Newspaper notice
of his death:
Warren Seltzer, Retired Architect for Government
Warren Ray Seltzer, 87, a retired government architect, died
Wednesday at the National Lutheran Home in Washington after a stroke.
He worked for the Navy's bureau of Docks and Yards, and
after World War II, the Veterans Administration for 40 years before retiring in
1966.
Mr. Seltzer was a native of Washington and graduate of
McKinley Tech High School. He earned a degree in architecture at Catholic
University.
A resident of Silver Spring for 50 years, he had been active
in the senior fellowship, Sunday school and choir at St. Luke Lutheran Church
in Silver Spring since 1942.
His wife, the former Lillian Daly, died in 1973.
He is survived by four sons, the Rev. C. Philip of Marshallville,
Ohio, Dr. Richard W. of Columbia, Pa., James H. of Snow Hill, Md., and the Rev.
Dr. J. Paul of Syracuse, NY; 12 grandchildren, and six
great-grandchildren.
Lillian Leona Daly Seltzer at 6 years old, 1896, at home at 9th and Maryland
Ave. NE, Washington, DC.
Lillian Leona Daly Seltzer and Warren Ray Seltzer, married June 19, 1918.
Warren Ray Seltzer and Lillian Leona Daly Seltzer on their wedding trip to
Philadelphia, June 1919.
Warren's
siblings (by mother Susan) =
Charles W. Seltzer (1880- )
Edgar Arnold Seltzer (1884- ), daughter = Olive
children of:
Generation 5
0.11111 Henry Hocker Seltzer (Aug. 28, 1856 - Aug. 7 1925), physician, md. (1) 1877 0.11110 Susan Arnold (April 1859 - Dec. 1916), daughter of Peter Arnold md. (2) Oct. 18, 1918 Sarah L. Behm (1856-). Henry and Susan both buried in Washington, DC.
His
autobiography = "Henry
Hocker Seltzer, Pennsylvania Dutch Teacher, Civil Servant,and Physician - Memories of 1856-1915"
as web page
as pdf file
He grew up on a
farm near Belle Grove, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Dutch was spoken in the home.
English was his second language, putting him at a disadvantage when he went to
school, but he became very bookish, proud of his educational accomplishments.
For 10 years, he taught in one-room schoolhouses in Pennsyvanian
Dutch farm country. At times, he handled, alone, as many as 65 students ranging
in age from 5 to 21, and for a wage of $33/month. He had to deal with the
vagaries of rural schools, with behavior problems and parents who had little
respect for book learning, and arbitrary decisions of county-level school administartion. During corn-husking
sometimes only 3-5 students would show up. He traveled by train to Kansas in
1878, and almost settled there. Later, le got a civil service bookkeeping job
with the US Treasury Dept and wrote a bookkeeping text book
for farmers. And, at the age of 40, he got an M.D. degree from what later
became George Washington University. He practiced medicine very little, having
gotten the degree mainly to prove that he could.
Henry Hocker Seltzer, March 14, 1910. Photo taken
at Donaldson Studio, 927 F. St. NW, Washington, DC
Henry Hocker Seltzer 1922
photo of schoolhouse where Henry Hocker Seltzer taught
siblings of Henry Hocker Seltzer =
mother = Barbara Smith
John P. Seltzer (1851-1922)
Martin Seltzer (1852-1934)
James M. Seltzer (1854-1855)
Elizabeth E. Seltzer (1859-1934)
Benjamin F. Seltzer (1861-1949)
Charles Augustus Seltzer (Uncle Gus) (1864-1965), daughter = Violet
Harvey L. Seltzer (1866-1936)
mother = Anna Hocker
Henry Hocker Seltzer
children of
Generation 6
0.111111 Henry Uhland Seltzer (June 15 June, 1824 - Nov. 25, 1897; md. 0.111110 Anna Hocker (May 10, 1827 - Jan. 10, 1914) Hocker Family
Henry Uhland Seltzer, 1893. Photo taken at Roshon
Studio, 22 South 9th St., Lebanon, PA
Anna Hocker Seltzer. Photo taken at M.E. Bare
Photographer, Hummelstown, PA.
photo of homestead Henry Uhland built in 1896 in Hockersville, PA
photo taken in July 1905 of house in Hockersville where Anna was born
Barbara Smith Hocker
Martin Hocker
Henry Uhland Seltzer = son of
Generation 7
0.1111111 Philip Seltzer (stone mason, also cultivated a small farm which he owned) ( Dec. 6, 1772 - April 19, 1847) died of tuberculosis, buried in the Reformed cemetery at Annville, PA; md. March 25, 1800 0.1111110 Maria Uhland (Aug. 10, 1784 - Feb. 25, 1860) died of cancer, buried Lutheran cemetery at Bellegrove, PA.
Philip Seltzer's siblings =
Anna Maria Seltzer (1771- )
Abraham L. Seltzer (1773-1863)
Jacob Seltzer (1776-1846)
Barbara (1777-1875)
Michael Seltzer (1780-1863)
John Seltzer (1783-1856)
John George Seltzer (1813-1899)
children of:
Generation 8
0.11111111 Johann Michael Seltzer (March 23, 1740 Lutheran, Parchim, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany - 1815 Mount Zion, Lebanon, Pennsylvania) md. 0.11111110 Barbara Gasser (1748 - ). Michael arrived in Philadelphia with his father in 1752. He served in the American Revolution. His descendants qualify for membership in the Sons of the American Revolution and in the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Michael was buried in the cemetery at Zoar's Lutheran Church, Mt. Zion, Lebanon County, PA (tombstone made of native sandstone worn by the elements and illegible in 1937; per handwritten notes by Richard Seltzer, Sr., this tombstone no longer existed in 1975).
Barbara Gasser was daughter of Jacob Gasser of Helidelberg Township near Schaefferstown, Lebanon County, where he owned and cultivated 38 acres which he purchased form the Penn agents in 1735) reportedly buried in Jonestown, Lebanon County. Children: i Anna Maria ii Philip iii Jacob iv Michael Jr. v John vi Barbara
Michael and Barbara Seltzer probably established their first home in or near Schaeferstown, where their first child was born and baptized in St. Luke's Lutheran Church, of which they were members in 1771.
Michael signed the Oath of Allegiance to the American Colonies in 1778 and served as a soldier of the third class in Company 7 of the 9th Battalion of Lancaster County in 1781, under Captain Bradley and Lieutenant Adam Mark. [per handwritten notes by Richard Seltzer, Sr., spelled "Michel Selcer" on the muster roll.]
He paid a tax of eight pounds (English money) on 150 acres of land which he owned in Bethel township in 1782. Bethel township and Heidelberg township were both then in Lancaster County. When Dauphin County was created from Lancaster in 1785, Michael Seltzer and his brother Christian, both residents of Bethel township were among those who protested about Middletown becoming the county seat of Dauphin County.
On May 5, 1789, Michael and his wife Barbara purchased 166 acres of land from Archibald Sloan for 560 pounds. This was part of a larger tract granted to Samuel Sloan by the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania, on November 26, 1748. (Samuel was Chibald's uncle). This tract lies directly north of the bridge that spans the Swatara Creek at what is know as the Water Works, north of Annville, PA. On this tract, Michael Seltzer erected a house and barn. A stone in the upper part of the house has this inscription "M.S. 1802". Cross the bridge across Swatara Creek at Water Works, the farm lies on the left side of the road. Go down the lane to the creek. Here is the house, shaded by trees.
This tract is recorded in Book G., Volume 1, Page 307 in the Recorders Office, Dauphin County Court House, Harrisburg, PA, as follows: "Beginning at a F____ thence by land of Robert Young, North 50 degrees, East 174 perches, thence by land of Peter Gingrich, South 113 perches, thence by same East 18 and two tenth perches, thence by same South one and one-half degrees and 169 perches, thence down Swatara Creek 2786 perches to place of beginning."
Johann Michael's siblinlgs =
Georg Christian
Johann Jacob
Johann Phillip
Maira Eva
children of
Generation 9
0.111111111 (Johann or Hans)
Jacob Seltzer (Feb. 15,
1711 - 1772) md. 1733 0.111111110 Anna Maria Welsen ( - 1769)
Immigrant. Cooper and farmer. Arrived in Pennsylvania 1752 with Wife
Anna Maria Welsin; Daughter Maria Eva; Son Johann
Michael; Son Johann Philipp; Son Georg Christian; Son Johann Jacob. Source: BURGERT, ANNETTE KUNSELMAN.
Eighteenth Century Emigrants from German-Speaking Lands to North America.
Publications of the Pennsylvania German Society, 16/19. Birdsboro, PA: The
Pennsylvania German Society. Vol. 1: The Northern Kraichgau.
1983. 461p., page 341. Shown in Passenger and
Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s at Ancestry.com
(Johann) Jacob = son of
Generation 10
0.1111111111 Wyerich Seltzer (1661 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Byern, Gemany - 1742 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Byern, Germany) md. 1683 Michelfeld, Ostalbkris, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany 0.111111110 Anna Catherina Neff (1666 Michelfeld, Ostalbkreis, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany - 1759 Michelfeld, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) The Neff Family
Wyerich = son of
Generation 11
0.11111111111 Erasmus Seltzer (1640, Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany - 1703, Michelfeld, Germany) md. 1658 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany 0.11111111110 Margaretha Donner (Dec. 27, 1638 Sundgau, Germany - June 26, 1667 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany)
Erasmus = son of
Generation 12
0.111111111111 Georg Seltzer (1604 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany - Nov. 22, 1669, Michelfled, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany) md. 1662 Michelfeld, Germany, 0.111111111110 Anna Baur (1605 Germany - 1654 Laimen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany)
Georg = son of
0.1111111111111 Ulrich Seltzer (1572 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany - 1607 Michelfeld, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) md. 1600 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany 0.11111111111110 Margaretha (1576 - )
Denenberg Family, Starting from Generation 1, 0.0 Stacey Denenberg
0.0 Stacey A. Denenberg (b. July 18, 1976) md. Aug. 10, 2002 in Boston 0.1 Robert Richard Hartley Seltzer (b. July 29, 1975)
her sibling =
Scott A. Denenberg md. in Cambridge, MA md. July 7, 2018 Emily Lilly
their son Noah born Nov. 15, 2019
children of -
Generation 2
0.01 Jeffrey Neil Denenberg (b. March 21, 1943) md.
0.00 Charlotte
R. Goryn (b. Sept. 21, 1947) Goryn Family
his siblings =
Burton H. Denenberg (b.
1935) md. Judy Sklair (b.
1935)
Alan Denenberg md. (1) Mary Lou Zittman (b.
1941) md. (2) Vicki Brown (b. 1947)
Jeffrey = son of
Generation 3
0.011 Joseph B. Denenberg (b. Chicago, IL) md.
0.010 Beatrice
J. Perlow (1912 in Chicago -2004) Perlow
Family
Joseph = son of
Generation
4
0.0111 Mejer Denenberg (1824-1885) md. 0.0110 Beyla Ryfka Lichtenberg (b. 1825) daughter of 0.01101 Chackiel Lichtenberg (b. 1800) md. 0.01100 Chai (b. 1800)
Mejer = son of
Generation
5
0.0111 Aron Denenberg (b. 1800) md. 0.01110 Eyga (b. 1800)
Goryn Family, Starting from Generation 2, 0.00 Charlotte R. Goryn
0.00 Charlotte R.
Goryn (b. Sept. 21, 1947) md. 0.01 Jeffrey Neil Denenberg (b. March 21, 1943)
Charlotte = daughter of
Generation 3
0.001 Aron G. Goryn
(1907-1996 Dade, Florida) md. 0.000 Adela Schipper (1912-2011) Schipper Family
Aron = son of
Generation 4
0.0011 Chaim Chil or Zvi Goryn (Oct. 6, 1881- Oct. 19, 1942 in Lodz Ghetto), weaver md. 0.0010 Rachel Gelfenbein (b. 1884 Ostroff, Volina, Poland)
________________________
Hartley Family, Starting from Generation 2, 0.10 Barbara Ann Hartley
0.10 Barbara Ann Hartley (Feb. 20, 1950 - Dec. 4, 2014) md. July 28, 1973 Boston, MA 0.11 Richard Warren Seltzer, Jr. (b. Feb. 23, 1946)
siblings =
Mary Jane Hartley (b. 1937) md. John Carew
(1936-1990)
Elynor E. Hartley (b. 1939) md.
Alan Harrington (c. 1995)
Ann Frances Hartley (1941-2007)
Charles F. Hartley (1943- ) md.
(1) Elaine Ginty md. (2)
Mary Picard) md. (3) Raven Seltzer
Robert J. Hartley (1947-1968, Viet Nam)
for their
children and grandchildren, see Cousins below
children of
0.101 Charles Hartley (1911-1992) md. Mary Wilson 0.100 (1914-2005) Wilson Family
sibling =
Lillian Margaret Hartley ("Wooie") (Aug.
17, 1915 - July 1, 1999) md. Albert Francis Wilson
("Pappy") (July 12, 1911 - Feb. 28, 1991)
children of
0.1011 John M. Hartley (b. 1885 St. John's Newfoundland) md. 0.1010 Ellen (Nell) Elizabeth Davis (1883-1955) Davis Family
son of
0.10111 John M. S. Hartley, Ireland md. 0.10110 Margaret Moore
___________
The Schipper Family, Starting from Generation 3, 0.000 Adela Schipper
0.000 Adela Schipper (1912-2011) md. 0.001 Aron G. Goryn
(1907-1996)
Adela's siblings =
Aryeh
(AKA Arnaldo) W. Schipper (1906-1969) emigrated to Rio di Janeiro in the 1920s md., in Rio, Rebeca Klein
(1913-1994)
Avrum (AKA Abrao) (b. Jan. 8, 1920)
emigrated to Rio in 1939 md., in Rio, Sara Wurman.
Rachel
(AKA Ruchel or Raisel) R.
Schipper (b. 1907)
children of
Generation 4
0.0001 Naftale
D. Schipper
(1878 Poland -1942 Poland) md. 0.0000 Chana
Zelda (Chansha) Jaroslawicz
(b. 1885, Pruchnik, Podkarpackie, Poland)) Jaroslawicz
Family
Naftale = son of
Generation 5
0.00011 Abraham Schipper
__________
The Perlow Family, Starting from Generation 3, 0.010 Beatrice J. Perlow
0.010 Beatrice J. Perlow (1912-2004) md. 0.011 Joseph B. Denenberg of Omaha, NE
siblings of Beatrice
=
Isadore E. Perlow (1911-2000)
Leo Rowland Perlow (1919-2003)
they = children of
Generation 4
0.0101 Abraham Perlow/Perleou) (1886-1937) md. 0.0100 Bluma
Begun
(1885-1974) Begun Family
Abraham = son of
Generation 5
0.01011 Nisan/Nissel
Perlow/Perleou (1858-1914) md. 0.01010 Ruchel
Polak (1858-1919)
_________
The Estes Family, Starting from Generation 3, 0.110 Helen Estes
See Cary-Estes Genealogy and Cary-Estes-Moore Genealogy.
0.110 Helen Estes (b. Jan. 31, 1920 Philadelphia, PA d. Dec. 28, 2010, West Roxbury, MA) md. June 5, 1944 at Redeemer
Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, PA, 0.111 Richard Warren Seltzer, Sr. (June
5, 1923 Washington, DC - June 14. 2014. West Roxbury, MA)
Helen was the compiler and author of CARY-ESTES-MOORE
GENEALOGY; graduate
of Pierce Jr. College, Philadelphia; attended Temple Univ., Philadelphia, Univ.
of Md,. and Plymouth State College, Plymouth, N.H.; B.A. (English) Goddard
College, Plainfield, Vt.; former English teacher, cert. in Vt. and Penna.;
member of National Society Colonial Dames of America, Philadelphia Chapter.
Daughters of the American Revolution, American Association of University Women,
League of Women Voters; on Board of Directors of Alumnae Association
Philadelphia High School for Girls.
her siblings =
John Griffith Estes (Jack) (Sept. 27, 1908- Nov. 30, 1961 )
served in Army in WW II, worked as night watchman, died of cancer of lungs and
bone, buried West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd,
PA
Lillian Margaret Estes (Lily)
(b. Dec. 12, 1909) md. 1929 William Norris Moyer, Jr.
Virginia Griffith Estes
(b. Jan. 13, 1914-2000) md. June 12, 1937 Edward Robert Jacoby, Jr. (b. June 27, 1914 d. Jan. 1,
1974) (son of Edward Robert and Catherine Melissa Wallace Jacoby)
Smyth William, stillborn June 16, 1925
Generation 4
0.1101 Smyth William Estes (June 17, 1881
Brownsville, Haywood, TN - Dec. 20, 1943 Brownsville, Haywood TN) md. Nov. 29, 1906, Philadelphia, PA 0.1100 Mae Griffith (May 27, 1883 Philadelphia, PA - May 27, 1930 Philadelphia, PA) Giffith Family
Smyth
William Estes died of chronic endocarditis, contributed by hypertension and
chronic inst. nephitis, per death
certificate.
his siblings =
Mary Moore Estes (1876- )
Mildred C. Estes (1879-1938)
Belle Estes (1883-1938)
Laurence B. Estes (1885-1962
Sallie Estes (1888-1981)
Warner W. Estes (1890- )
children of
Generation 5
0.11011 Louis (Lewis) Powhatan Estes
(Nov. 22, 1849 - Sept. 6, 1902) md. Oct. 30, 1875 0.11010 Eliza "Lilly" Yates Moore
(1853-1929) Moore
Family
Physician and also large land owner.
his siblings =
with Elizabeth Alston Pickett -
Sarah Elizabeth Estes (March 13, 1835 - March 26, 1925)
Pocahontas Estes (Feb. 2, 1837 - 1906)
Albert Monroe Estes Jr. (April 21, 1838 - Oct. 14, 1877)
Anne Lynne Estes (Nov. 12, 1839 - Feb. 13, 1926)
Thomas Hale Estes (Nov. 10, 1843 - 1902)
with Marcia Burton (Owen) Holman -
William Lawrence Estes (Nov. 28, 1855 - Nov. 1903), Bethel College, KY 1872;
Medical Dept. U. of VA 1877; Univ. College of NY 1878; Surgeon in Chief, St.
Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem, PA from 1881, Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene,
Lehigh U.; author of medical books)
with Mildred Colman -
children of
Generation 6
0.110111 Albert Monroe Estes (Nov. 19, 1804 - Dec. 22, 1863) md. (1) Nov. 22, 1832 in Haywood
County, TN Elizabeth Alston Pickett (Dec. 16, 1811 - Nov. 16, 1843) md. Nov. 17, 1848 (2) 0.110110 Mildred Colman (1823 - Nov. 30, 1849) md.
(3) Dec. 20. 1854 Margaret Owen Burton daugher of Dr.
William Owen of Henrico Couonty, VA.
Enlisted in Confederate Army May 23, 1862. Seventh (Duckworth's) Cavalry
Regiment, rank at enlistment = private. Final rank = captain. He owned about
150 slaves at the start of the Civil War.
his siblings =
Moreau Pinckney Estes (Nov. 14, 1806 - Oct. 17, 1871)
Henry Carey Estes (Jan. 9, 1808 - winter of 1835)
Virginia Thorp Estes (May 11, 1811 - 1860)
Eliza Jane Estes (Nov. 15, 1815 - )
Cornelia Sarah Rebecca Estes (Feb.14, 1818 - )
Judith Bell Estes (March 10, 1821 - June 28, 1903)
Sarah Ann Estes (Nov. 24, 1823 - June 30, 1848)
children of
Generation 7
0.1101111 Joel Estes (Jan. 22, 1780 - Aug. 16, 1833) md.
Oct. 13, 1801 0.1101110 Sarah Langhorne Bates
Bates Family
captain in War of 1812, commanded a company of volunteers, riflemen from the 43
Regiment VA Militiaand then attached to the 4th
Regiment. Began service Sept. 16, 1813. Muster Roll dated Norfolk, VA Oct. 15,
1813 (= date of expiration of service)
his siblings =
Triplet Thorpe Estes (1778-1852)
John H. T. Estes (1816, first lieutenant of light artillery July 1, 1808,
captain September 1809, resigned April 1, 1812
Benjamin Estes. ( -1868), captain
Thomas Estes (d. in St. Louis, MO)
William Estes (lived in Petesburg, VA, d. in
Mississippi)
Edward Estes (d. in Campbel Co., VA)
Elisha W. Estes ( d. in KY)
Thorp Estes (d. in TN)
Nancy Estes (b. in VA, d. in KY)
Elizabeth Estes (b. in VA, d. in Kanawaha Co., WV)
Lucy Estes (b. in VA, d. in Shelbyville, KY)
Cecilia Estes (b. in VA, d. in MO)
Sarah Ann Estes (b. in VA, d. in MO)
Martha Estes (b. in VA, d. in Bedford Co. VA)
children of
Generation 8
0.11011111 Benjamin Estes (1753
probably in Spotsylvania County, VA - July 22, 1816) md.
1777 0.11011110 Cecelia Rebecca Thorp
(Thorpe) (1750 - 1816)
son of
Generation 9
0.110111111
Abraham Estes, Jr.
(1697-1759) md. 0.110111110
Elizabeth Jeeter
son of
Generation 10
0.1101111111 Abraham Estes, Sr. (1647-1720), emigrated from Ringwould, Kent England to St. Stephens, King Queen County, Virginia md. 0.1101111110 Barbara Brock
son of
Generation 11
0.11011111111 Sylvester Estes
(1596-1667) md. 0.11011111110
Ellen Martin
son of
Generation 12
0.110111111111 Robert Estes
(1555-1616) Ringwould, Kent, England md. 0.110111111110
Anne Woodward
son of
Generation 13
0.1101111111111 Sylvester Estes
(1522-1579) born Deal, Kent, England died Ringwould,
Kent, England md. 0.1101111111110 Jone Estes
son of
Generation 14
0.11011111111111 Nicholas Estes (1495-1533) md. 0.11011111111110 Anny ___
son of
Generation 15
0.110111111111111 Robert Estes
(1475-1506)
son of
Generation 16
0.1101111111111111 Francesco or Francisco Estes AKA Francesco or Francisco Esteuse, born in Italy and died in England (1440 - ?)
son of
Generation 17
0.11011111111111111 Leonello
d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara etc. (1407-1450)
Leonello d'Este was the
illegitimate son of Niccolo III, d'Este,
Marquis of Ferrara. See Wikipedia articles on Leonello
and on Niccolo. Francisco Esteuse,
AKA Francisco Estes was his son. Some sources give Robert Estes as his son, but
the dates don't work. It seems highly likely that Robert was the son of
Francisco (AKA Francesco)and grandson of Leonello. That would confirm family tradition, as
recounted in the Cary-Estes Genealogy (by May Folk Webb and Patrick Mann Estes,
published in 1939 and reprinted in 1979). Facing page 92 is a portrait of
Francesco Esteuse with the caption "'Franceso, natural son of Marquis Leonnello,
went to Burgundy and afterward to England.' These were the words written on the
back of the picutre of Francesco found in a colleciton of paintings near Ferrara, among the pictures of
Esteuse."
According to the Wikipedia article on the House of Este http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Este
"The lordship
of Ferrara was made hereditary by Obizzo II (d. 1293)
who was proclaimed Lord of Ferrara in 1264, Lord of Modena 1288 and Lord of
Reggio 1289. Ferrara being a papal fief, the Este family were given the
position of hereditary papal vicars in 1332.
"Ferrara became a significant center of culture under Niccolò d'Este III (1384–1441), who received several popes with great magnificence, especially Eugene IV, who held a Council here in 1438,later known as the Council of Florence.
"His
successors were Leonello (1407–1450) and Borso (1413–1471), who was elevated to Duke of Modena and
Reggio by Emperor Frederick III in 1452 and in return received these duchies as
imperial fiefs. In 1471 he received the duchy of Ferrara as papal fief from
Pope Paul II, for which occasion splendid frescoes were executed at Palazzo Schifanoia."
[NB -- Leonello was your ancestor, as was Niccolo III. Both Leonello and his brother Borso were illegitimate sons (the mother of both was Stella de' Tolome. Leonello, as the eldest, became Marquess of Ferrara on his father's death. On the death of Leonello, for reasons unknown, his brother Borso, instead of his son Francesco became Marquess. Francesco fled to northern Europe, eventually settling in England. Considering the culture of violence in that time and place, he probably fled for his life. Here are more details from Wikipedia about the collateral relatives -- Borso and his son Alfonso:
"Under Ercole (1431–1505), [brother of Leonello]
one of the most significant patrons of the arts in late 15th and early 16th
century Italy, Ferrara grew into a cultural center, renowned especially for
music; Josquin Des Prez worked for Duke Ercole, Jacob Obrecht came to
Ferrara twice, and Antoine Brumel served as principal
musician from 1505. Ercole's daughter Beatrice
(1475–1497) married Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, while his daughter Isabella
(1474–1539) married Francesco Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua.
"Ercole I's successor was his son Alfonso I (1476–1534), third husband of the notorious Lucrezia Borgia and the patron of Aiosto." [In other words, a nephew of Mom's ancestor married Lucrezia Borgia.]
son of
Generation 18
0.110111111111111111 Nicollo
III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara etc. (1383-1441)
son of
Generation 19
0.1101111111111111111 Alberto I d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara (1347-1393)
son of
Generation 20
0.11011111111111111111 Obizzo III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara (1294-1352)
son of
Generation 21
0.110111111111111111111 Aldobrandino II, Marquess of Ferrara (d. 1326)
son of
Generation 22
0.1101111111111111111111 Obizzo II d'Este, Marquess of
Ferrara (1247-1293)
son of
Generation 23
0.11011111111111111111111 Rinaldo I d'Este
son of
Generation 24
0.110111111111111111111111 Azzo VII d'Este
son of
Generation 25
0.1101111111111111111111111 Azzo VI d'Este, Marquess of Este
(1170-1212)
son of
Generation 26
0.11011111111111111111111111 Azzo V d'Este (d. 1190)
son of
Generation 27
0.110111111111111111111111111 Fulco I (d. 1128)
son of
Generation 28
0.1101111111111111111111111111 Albert Azzo II of Este (c. 997 - c. 1097), Margrave of Milan and
Liguria, Count of Gavello and Padua, Rovigo, Unigiana, Monselice, and Montagnana; founder of the House of Este (named for a town
in Padua), around 1073 he made a castle at Este his residence from which the
House of Este takes its name md. around 1035 Chuniza of Altdorf, daughter of Welf
II Count of Altdof
Alberto Azzo II, Margrave of Milan (996-1097) built a
castle at Este, near Padua and named himself after it
for details see http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MODENA,%20FERRARA.htm#AlbertoAzzoIdied1029B
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Alberto Azzo Von Este, Marquis of Este d. 1098 md. (1) 1040 to Cunissa (or Cunagonda), dau. of Guelph III, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 1020; son of Guelph II, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 980; son of Rudolph I, Duke of Lower Bavaria; son of Henry II; son of Henry I; son of Guelph the First, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 820]
[through a different line [Fleming to Capet, to Brabant, to Hohenstaufen, to Welf or Guelf] you are also descended from Alberto Azzo II by way of another of sons -- Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]
son of
Generation 29
0.11011111111111111111111111111 Alberto Azzo I, Margrave of Milan (d. 1029
son of
Generation 30
0.110111111111111111111111111111 Oberto II, Margrave of Milan (d. after 1014) md. 0.110111111111111111111111111110 Railend
son of
Generation 31
0.1101111111111111111111111111111 Oberto
I, Margrave of Milan (d.
975) (d.
Oct. 15, 975), founder of the Obertenghi family,
Count of Milan from 951
son of
Generation 32
0.11011111111111111111111111111111
Adalbert, Margrave of Milan (KA Obertenghi or Adalbertnii) (b. c. 970, d. before 1018 or in 1029)
Frankish nobility who settled in Lombardy
The Wilson Family, Starting from Generation 3, 0.100 Mary
Wilson
0.100 Mary Wilson (1914-2005) md 0.101
Charles Hartley (1911-1992)
siblings =
Albert Francis Wilson (1911-1991) md. Lillian ("Wooie") Hartley 1915-1999)
Edward J. Wilson (1917 - )
Generation 4
0.1001 Albert Andrew Anthony Wilson
(1883 Manchester, England -1925 Boston, MA) md. April
23, 1905 0.1000 Mary
Jane Gillespie (1881-1935) Gillespie Family
Generation 5
0.10011 George Rutledge Wilson (1837
Essex, England - 1895, Mount Benedict Cemetery,
West Roxbury, MA) md. 0.10011 Margaret O'Brien (1848 London -1910, Mount Benedict
Cemetery, West Roxbury)
The Jaroslawicz or Yaroslawicz Family, Starting with Generation 4, 0.0000 Chana Z. Jaroslawicz
0.0000 Chana Z. Jaroslawicz (b. 1885) md. 0.0001 Naftale D. Schipper (1878-1942)
Chana = daughter of
Generation 5
0.00001 Zalmen Jaroslawicz (b. 1863) md. 0.00000 Beily Taubenfeld (b. 1863 (Prucknik, Poland/Austria) Taubenfeld Family
Zalmen = son of
Generation 6
0.000011 Elimelech Jaroslawicz md. Judith Rosen
_____________
The Begun Family, Starting from Generation 4, 0.0100 Bluma Begun
0.0100 Bluma Begun md. 0.0101 Abraham
Perlow/Perleou) (1886-1937)
Bluma = daughter of
Generation 5
0.01001 Zvi
H. Begun/Blegun (1860-1920) md.
0.01000
Chaya C. C. S. Chernimoritz (1858-1943)
daughter of 0.010001 Zvi H. Chernimoritz
(b. 1830) md. 0.010000 Rifka
(1830-1915)
_______________
The Daly Family, Starting from Generation 4, 0.1110
Lillian Leona Daly
0.1110 Lillian Leona Daly (Oct. 6, 1890 - April 15, 1973 md. June 19, 1918 0.1111 Warren Ray Seltzer (April 20, 1891 Washington, DC - April 13, 1978, Washington, DC) architect
her siblings =
John Milton (6) Daly died at 94 years old
Mabel May (6) Daly b. 18 January 1888, d. August 1947; md.
Wood
Harry Wesley (6) Daly b. 29 September 1883, d. 27 June
1959
William Washington (6) Daly, Jr. (6) b. 7 September 1884, d. 10 July 1938
Edwin Earl (6) Daly b. 1889, d. 1973
Adolph A. (6) Daly b. 29 January 1895, d. 1 March 1973
Margaret Adele (6) Daly b. 20 January 1897, d. 27 May 1995 (98 years); md. Miller
Amy A. (6) Daly b. 6 October 1885, d. 14 April 1888
Edna E. (6) Daly b. 17 November 1886, d. 8 July 1888
children of
Generation 5
0.11101 William Washington Daly, Sr. md. 0.11100 Margaret Matilda Thour.
son of
Generation 6
0.111011 John Michael Daly b. 23 May 1830 in Dublin, Ireland, d. 4 February 1904 in Norfolk, VA; md. (1) 0.111011 Amanda Baker of Philadelphia (b. 20 October 1835 in Philadelphia, d. 1884) daughter of Thomas Baker and ___ Lauderbach, granddaughter of Mary Lauderbach md. (2) Mary Quinen.
his siblings =
John died young
James b. 21 September 1826 in Dublin
Alice b. 28 October 1828 in Kilbeggan
Jane b. 5 October 1833 in Kilbeggan
Agnes b. 7 June 1835 in Dublin
William b. April 3 (year?) died young
Thomas b. 18 September 1839 in Philadelphia md. Sept.
19, 1860 Carolline M. Wilson,
children = Harry, Athalia, Kerfoot; granddaughter
Mary Violet Daly MacFarland (1904-2002), her daughter = Mrs. Bruce Wilson
Mary Jane died young
Margaret died young
William Hudson b. 11 July 1842 in Indiana County
Patrick died young
Mary Ellen b. 29 June 1848 in Wilmington, Delaware
children of
Generation 7
0.1110111
Thomas Daly (Feb.
20, 1792 - 1858) at the Gibsonton distillery near Charleroi, PA md. 18 June 1822 in St. Paul's Catholic Church, Arran Quay, Dublin, by Rev. Gormley, 0.1110110 Mary Maher.
his siblings =
Catharine Daly b. 7 March 1791, died young
Thomas Daly b. 20 February 1792,
Jane Daly b. 24 July 1793,
James Daly b. 3 December 1794, died young
Alice Daly b. 16 December 1797, d. September 1811.
children of
Generation 8
0.11101111 John Daly d. 22 May 1806; md. 0.11101110
Alice Wheeler 25 June 1789.
Generation 9
0.111011111 Patrick (1) Daly, b. 13 May 1724, Athlone, Ireland
The Gillespie Family, Starting from Generation 4, 0.1000 Mary Jane Gillespie
0.1000 Mary
Jane Gillespie (1881-1935) md. April 23, 1905
0.1001 Albert Andrew Anthony Wilson (1883 Manchester, England -1925
Boston, MA)
daughter of
Generation 5
0.10001 Thomas F. Gillespie (b.
1850) md. 0.10000
Mary Jane Kreuger (b. 1850)
The Davis Family, Starting from Generation 4, 0.1010 Nell
Davis
0.1010 Ellen (Nell) Elizabeth Davis
(1883-1955) md. 0.1011 John M. Hartley (b. 1885 St. John's Newfoundland)
daughter of
Generation 5
0.10101 Francis Davis (b. 1840 Linton,
Herefordshire d. Oct. 6,1913 Whitbourne, Hereford) md.
0.1010 Mary Donovan
son of
Generation 6
0.101011 James Davis (b. 1804) md. 0.101010 Mary Wilson (b. 1806)
The Griffith Family of North Wales, Starting from
Generation 4, 0.1100 Mae Griffith
0.1100 Mae Griffith (May 27, 1883 Philadelphia, PA - May 27, 1930 Philadelphia, PA) md. Nov. 29, 1906, Philadelphia, PA 0.1101 Smyth
William Estes (June 17, 1881 Brownsville, Haywood, TN - Dec. 20, 1943
Brownsville, Haywood TN)
siblings =
Elizabeth
Rachel Griffith born in Cork, April 27, 1869 (had nervous breakdown in teens,
put in insane asylum where she died in the 1950s)
Isabella Agnes Griffith, born in Cork, July 18, 1870, never married, with
sister Lillian raised the children of sister Mae Griffith and Smith William
Estes after Mae's death
Thomas Owen Griffith, born in Philadelphia April 21, 1873, disappeared (ran
away from home)
Lillian Griffith, born in Philadlephia, Nov. 9, 1875,
never married, with sister Agnes raised the children of sister Mae Griffith and
Smith William Estes after Mae's death
Griffith Owen Griffith, born in Philadlephia, Aug.
28, 1877 (hit by pipe, spent rest of life in insane asylum)
David Griffith, born in Philadelphia Jan. 3, 1879 died of heart trouble md. Florence Van Hart (daughter of mayor of Camden, New
Jersey); their children: Lilly May Griffith, died of heart trouble, and
Isabella Griffith, fell down stairs as a little girl and after that her eyes
were crossed
George Bogan Griffith, born in Philadelphia, Jun 1,
1885, died 1904 of typhoid fever
Stanley Griffith, born in Philadelphia, Aug. 6, 1890, measles caused one eye to
be closed, died of alcoholism
half-sibling
(daughter of Ann Jane Williams) =
Annie Jane (b. Jan. 28, 1867, d. 1950s)
daughter of
Generation 5
0.11001 Griffith Owen Griffith (b.
Sept. 22, 1837 in Pen y Crag, Llengefni, Anglesee, North Wales) md. (1)
April 3, 1866 at Bangor Cathedral, North Wales, Ann
Jane Williams (b. Sept. 23, 1837 at Bearnmaris d.
Feb. 18, 1867) md. (2) 0.11000 Isabella Bogan
(1848-1914) Bogan Family
Griffith and Isabella emigrated to Philadelphia where Griffith became
manager of a tea company store.
son of
Generation 6
0.110011 Owen Griffith (1795-1888) md. 0.110010 Ann
Humphreys (1796-1887) (daughter of 0.1100101 David Humphreys)
The Taubenfeld Family, Starting from Generation 5, 0.00000 Beily Taubenfeld
0.00000 Beily Taubenfeld (b. 1863 (Prucknik, Poland/Austria) md. 0.00001 Zalmen Jaroslawicz (b. 1863)
Beily = daughter of
Generation 6
0.000001 Arie Wolf Taubenfeld (1836-1901) md. 0.000000 Itte Fus (1836-1891)
Arie = son of
Generation 7
0.0000011 Markus Taubenfeld (1799 Pruchnik, Podkarpackie, Poland - 1874 Pruchnik, Podkarpackie, Poland) md. 0.0000010 Ruchle (1792 Pruchnik, Podkarpackie, Poland -1870 Pruchnik, Podkarpackie, Poland)
___________________
The Bogan Family of Cork, Ireland, Starting from
Generation 5, 0.11000 Isabella Bogan
0.11000 Isabella
Bogan (1848-1914 md. at Wesley Chapel, Patrick St.,
Cork, Ireland Feb. 18, 1868 0.11001
Griffith Owen Griffith (1837- )
siblings =
James Lillian Bogan md. Elizabeth H.
William Mullins Bogan
married Agnes ___
Amos
Frederick Bogan died 1905 md.
Annie Vearian
children of
Generation 6
0.110001 James Bogan, silk manufacturer md. ____
son of
Generation 7
0.1100011 _____ Bogan
md. 0.1100010
____ Lillie
son of
Generation 8
0.11000111 John Lillie,
master gunner, Charles Fort (1780 - Jan. 18, 1856)
source: Ringcurran Church, Kinsale; Blackrock cemetery; St. Lukes; St. Multros, Kinsale (Rev. Gibson), tombstone at Ringcurran reads: "John Lillie, master gunner, Charles [Fort], died Jan. 18, 1856, aged 76 years, erected as a tribute to affection by his grandson James Bogan Church and cemetery records mention Jane, daughter of John and Julia Lillie (master gunner Charles Fort) born June 12, 1851, Isabella Gordon Lillie, daughter of John and Julia Lillie (master gunner, Charles Fort) born Sept. 16, 1854 and died June 23, 1881, aged 27 (tombstone says died June 20, aged 25, and erected by her sorrowing sister M. de Montmorency)
The Moore Family, Starting from Generation 5, 0.11010
Eliza "Lily" Yates Moore
0.11010 Eliza "Lily" Yates
Moore (1853-1929) md. Oct. 30, 1875 0.11011 Louis (Lewis) Powhatan Estes (Nov. 22, 1849 -
Sept. 6, 1902)
daughter of
Generation 6
0.110101 Smith William Moore (No.v 1, 1818-Feb.2, 1872) md. 0.110100 Mary Ordelia Yates (Dec.29, 1820-July10, 1906) Yates Family
Generation 7
0.1101011 Shields Moore, immigrated to Maryland from Wales in 1725 md. 0.1101010 Blandana Risdon, They moved to North Carolina.
The Yates Family. Starting from Generation
6, 0.110100 Mary Ordelia Yates
0.110100 Mary Ordelia Yates (b. 1820) md. 0.110101 Smith William Moore (1815-1888)
daughter of
Generation 7
0.1101001 Warner Minor Yates (April 27,1795-1861) md. (1) 0.1101000 Mary Mason (by family tradition, the niece of George Mason of VA 1725-1792, author of the Declation of Rights, which was the basis for the Bill of Rights, md. (2) Dec. 30. 1819 Mildred J. Menefee (b. 1803 d. c. 1880)
son of
Generation 8
0.11010011 Charles Lewis Yates (1752-1807) md. 0.11010010 Mary Goodloe (1756-1824)
son of
Generation 9
0.110100111 George Yates IV (1727-1777) md. 0.110100110 Frances Fielding Lewis (1731-1777) Lewis Family
The Hocker Family, Starting
from Generation 6, 0.111110 Anna Hocker
0.111110 Anna Hocker (May
10, 1827 - Jan. 10, 1914) md. 0.111111 Henry
Uhland Seltzer (June 15 June, 1824 - Nov. 25, 1897)
Anna = daughter of
Generation 7
0.1111101 Martin Hocker (1768-1862) md. (1) Christina Beinhower
(1777-1808) md. (2) 0.1111100 Barbara Smith
(1787-1878)
Martin = son of
Generation 8
0.11111011 John Adam Hocker, arrived in America in
1749 md. 0.11111010 Christina
The Bates Family, Starting from Generation 7, 0.1101119
Sarah Langhorne Bates
0.1101110 Sarah
Langhorne Bates md. Oct. 13, 1801 0.1101111 Joel Estes (Jan. 22, 1780 - Aug. 16,
1833)
daughter of
Generation
8
0.11011101
Daniel Bates (July 6, 1756 - c. 1801) md.
May 21, 1776 in Chesterfield County, VA 0.11011100
Elizabeth Cary Bell (
b. about 1758 in Virginia, d. 1825 in Kentucky) daughter of David Bell
and Judith Cary Bell Family
son of
Generation 9
0.110111011
James Bates (March 7, 1721 - Nov. 9, 1786) md. Nov. 11, 1746 in Goochland
County, St. James Wortham parish, VA 0.110111010 Winnifred Grymes or Grimes or Hix (b.
Jan. 18, 1729 in Goochland)
son of
Generation 10
0.1101110111 John Bates (1685-1723) md. about 1709 0.1101110110 Susannah Tarleton Fleming Fleming Family
The Bell Family from Generation 8, 0.11011100 Elizabeth
Cary Bell
0.11011100 Elizabeth Cary Bell ( b. about 1758 in Virginia, d. 1825 in
Kentucky) daughter of David Bell and Judith Cary md. 0.11011101 Daniel Bates (July 6, 1756 - c. 1801) md. May 21, 1776 in Chesterfield
County, VA
daughter of
Generation 9
0.110111001 David Bell (c. 1716 -
Nov. 8, 1806) of Belmont on he James River in Buckingham Co. VA md. 1744 in Henrico County, VA 0.110111000 Judith Cary (b. Aug. 12, 1726 in Henrico
County, VA - April 16, 1798) Cary Family
"David Bell came to America prior to the Indian Wars and was appointed captain in the French and Indian War of 1755." Cary-Estes Genealogy p. 57
The Cary Family from Generation 9, 0.110111000 Judith Cary
0.110111000 Judith Cary (b. Aug. 12, 1726 in Henrico County, VA - April 16, 1798) md. 1744 in Henrico County, VA 0.110111001 David Bell (c. 1716 - Nov. 8, 1806) of Belmont on he James River in Buckingham Co. VA
daughter of Henry and Anne
Generation 10
0.1101110001 Henry Cary (1675-1749) md. (1) Sarah Sclater (c. 1695 - before 1719) md. (2) 0.1101110000 Anne Edwards (d. c. 1740) daughter of 0.1101110000 1 John Edwards of Surrey md. (3) 1741 Elizabeth Brickenhead
"Educated at William and Mary College, one of its earliest students. He carried on his father's business as a contracting builder and constructed the Brafferton Building 1732 (probably) and (certainly) the President's house and the chapel of William and Mary College, 1729-1732." Cary Estes Genealogy p. 48
"The immigrant's second son, Captain Henry Cary, the builder, inherited and lived upon the plantation in the interior of Warwick, known as 'The Forest.' His enterprising son, of the same name, was one of the pioneers to take up wilderness lands in the upper valley of James River, and, removing his own residence to the head of navigation near the Falls, where the city of Richmond was soon to grow, there built Ampthill House." Cary Estes Genealogy p. 46
son of
Generation 11
0.11011100011 Henry Cary (c. 1650-1720)
Inherited his father's Warwick plantation "The Forest", being the western half of Zachary Cripps' patent, adjoining "Richneck." He was Justice of the Peace and Captain for Warwick. He was contracting builder and constructed, among other public buildings, the court-house of York County, 1694 (York records); the fort on York River, 1697) (Va. Mag. XXIV, 401); the first capitol at Williamsburg, 1701-1703; William and Mary College (reconstruction after the fire of 1705), and the Governor's palace, 1705-1710, in which he lived during construction." Cary Estes Genealogy pp. 42-23
son of
Generation 12
0.110111000111 Miles Cary (1622-1667)
immigrated to Virginia from Bristol, England in 1640 or 1645, settled at Windmill Point, Warwick Co., VA "Miles Cary was the ninth child of John Cary, merchant of Bristol, and fourth child by his second wife Alice Hobson, daughter of Henry Hobson, innholder and sometime mayor of Bristol.... After a busy career in trade and politics, in which he attained property and a seat in the Council, he was 'killed by ye Dutch' during their foray upon Hampton Roads in June 1667." Cary Estes Genealogy p. 28
son of
Generation 13
0.1101110001111 John Cary (1583-1661) draper of Bristol md. (2) c.1617 0.1101110001110 Alice Hobson, daughter of 0.11011100011101 Henry Hobson, "sometime mayor of Bristol"
son of
Generation 14
0.11011100011111 William Cary (1550-1633) draper of Bistol
"As shown by the Bristol Tolzey Book, he was Sheriff of Bristol, 1599, and Mayor, 1611, and thereafter Alderman." Cary-Estes Genealogy p. 17 We are descended from his first wife, name unknown. After she died of old age, when he was over 80, he married his servant and had a son, when his living sons were nearly 60 years old.
son of
Generation 15
0.110111000111111 Richard Cary (c. 1515 - 1570) md. (1) 0.110111000111110 Anne (d. before 1561), draper
son of
Generation 16
0.1101110001111111 William Cary (b. 1500 or 1492 d. March 28, 1572), draper
"He was sheriff of Bristol, 1532, and Mayor, 1546, temp. Henry VIII. He had five children by two wives, but outlived his sons and was buried in the crowde (i.e., crypt) of St. Nicholas Church, March 28, 1572, temp. Elizabeth, leaing a will dated Apr. 2, 1571, and proved June 10, 1572." Cary Estes Genealogy p. 16.
The Fleming Family, Starting from Generation 10, 0.1101110110 Susannah Tarleton Fleming
0.1101110110 Susannah Tarleton Fleming md. about 1709 0.1101110111 John Bates (1685-1723)
daughter of
Generation 11
0.11011101101 Charles Fleming (b. 1667) (of New Kent County, VA) md. 0.11011101100 Susannah Tarleton (d. 1687) daughter of 0.110111011001 Stephen Tarleton
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "Colonel Charles was born on December 10th, 1659 in Of Charles Parish, York Co., Va. Colonel Charles' father was John FLEMMING and his mother was Mrs. Mercy Or Mary FLEMING. His paternal grandparents were Captain Alexander FLEMING and Elizabeth (Elspet) ANDERSON. He had four brothers and a sister, named William, Alexander, John, Tarleton and Lydia. He died at the age of 57 on October 7th, 1717 in St. Peter's Parish, New Kent, Va.
"Susanna was born in Of St. Peter's Parish, New Kent, Va. Susanna's father was Stephen TARLETON and her mother is Susanna. She had a sister named Judith. She died after October 7th, 1717 in St. Peters Parish, New Kent.
"Colonel Charles and Susanna were married in a religious ceremony
in New Kent, Virginia. They had two sons and eight daughters, named
Colonel John, Tarleton, Susannah, Elizabeth, Judith, Ursula, Anne, Grace, Anne and Sarah.
According to Dana Ward <dana_ward@pitzer.edu> email 6/28/2022 Between 1699-1719
Charles outdid both his father and grandfather by patenting 11,700 acres of land.
Charles and Susana are well documented in the historical records. It is the
previous generation that remains murky. Their daughter, Anne (1706-1794),
married George Penn (1706-1755) who was the uncle of John Penn, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence, and George’s great-great grandfather, William Penn
(1548-1610), was the grandfather of the Pennsylvania founder. Anne and George’s
son Gabriel Fleming Penn (1741-1798), married Sarah Callaway, daughter of Richard
Callaway who was with Boone cutting the Wilderness Trail ...
son of
Generation 12
0.110111011011 John Fleming (b. 1627
Cumbarnauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. April 27, 1686 in New Kent County, VA, St. Peter's Parish Register)
Cary-Estes Genealogy p. 86 indicates that according to "Fleming Family" by Lyon G. Tyler, William and MaryQuarterly Vol. 12, 1093, pp. 45-47, "I think he was the father of Charles Fleming who md. Susannah ___. She was probably a daughter of Stephen Tarleton." John Fleming, 493 acres in New Kent County on south side of Yorke River 2 march 1661 per page 397 Parent Book No. 4.
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "John was born in 1627 in Cumbarnauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland. John's father was Captain Alexander FLEMING and his mother was Elizabeth (Elspet) ANDERSON. His paternal grandparents were John FLEMING and Margaret LIVINGSTON; his maternal grandparents are William ANDERSON and MRS. ANDERSON. He had a brother and two sisters, named John, Elizabeth and Alexia. He died at the age of 59 on April 27th, 1686 in Charles Parish, York Co., Virginia. His burial was on April 30th, 1686 in St. Peter's Parish, New Kent, Va.
"Mrs. Mercy or Mary was born about 1637 in Of Charles Parish, York Co., Va. She died in , New Kent, Va.
"John and Mrs. Mercy or Mary were married in a religious ceremony in , , , England. They had five sons and a daughter, named Colonel Charles, William, Alexander, John, Tarleton and Lydia."
son of
Generation 13
0.1101110110111 Alexander Fleming (b. 1612 Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. Dec. 30, 1668 Rappahannock Co., VA) md. 0.1101110110110 Elizabeth (AKA Elspet) Anderson (b. 1614, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. Oct. 6, 1656 Rappahannock Co., VA)
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "Captain Alexander was born about 1612 in Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Captain Alexander's father was John FLEMING and his mother was Margaret LIVINGSTON. His paternal grandparents were John 1St Earl Wigton FLEMING and Lillias Lilias GRAHAM; his maternal grandfather was Alexander LIVINGSTON and his maternal grandmother is Eleanor Or Helen HAY. He had two brothers and six sisters, named John, William, Eleanor, Ann, Jean, Lilias, Helen and Margaret. He died on December 30th, 1668 in , Rappahannock Co., Va.
"Elizabeth (Elspet) was born about 1614 in Of Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Elizabeth (Elspet)'s father is William ANDERSON and her mother is MRS. ANDERSON. Her paternal grandfather is John ANDERSON. She was an only child. She died on October 6th, 1656 in , Rappahannock Co., Va.
"Captain Alexander and Elizabeth (Elspet) were married in a religious ceremony about 1632 in Scotland. They had two sons and two daughters, named John, John, Elizabeth and Alexia."
son of
Generation 14
0.11011101101111 John Fleming (b. Dec. 9, 1589 Kincardine, Perth, Scotland d. May 7 1650 Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland) md. 0.1101110110110 Margaret Livingston (b. about 1587 Callendar, Stirlingshire, Scotland d. 1634) Livingston Family
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "John was born on December 9th, 1589 in Kincardine, Perth, Scot. and his baptism took place on December 9th, 1589 in Kincardine, Perthshire, Scotland. John's father was John 1St Earl Wigton FLEMING and his mother was Lillias Lilias GRAHAM. His paternal grandparents were John Fleming EARL and Elizabeth ROSS; his maternal grandfather is John GRAHAM and his maternal grandmother was Jean DRUMMOND. He had four brothers and eight sisters, named James, Alexander, FLEMING, Malcolm, Jean, Jean, Anne, Margaret, Sarah, Lillias, Mary and Rachel. He died at the age of 60 on May 7th, 1650 in Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland. His burial was in Scotland.
"Margaret was born about 1587 in Of, Callendar, Stirlingshire, Scotland. Margaret's father was Alexander LIVINGSTON and her mother is Eleanor Or Helen HAY. Her paternal grandfather was William LIVINGSTONE and her paternal grandmother is Agnes FLEMING. She had three brothers and a sister, named Alexander, John, James and Anna. She died in 1634.
"John and Margaret were married in a religious ceremony on February 20th, 1609 in Scotland. They had three sons and six daughters, named John, Captain Alexander, William, Eleanor, Ann, Jean, Lilias, Helen and Margaret.
John = son of
Generation 15
0.110111011011111 Lord John Fleming (1567-1619) 6th Lord Fleming, first Earl of Wigton in Scotland from 1606 md. 0.110111011011110 Lilias Graham Graham Family
The Cary Estes Geneaology p. 86 quotes "Biggar and the House of Fleming" by William Hunter, F.S.a. Scot. Pages 551-552, 557:
"Lord Fleming married Lady Lilias Graham, a daughter of John, Earl of Montrose. Her ladyship was distinguished for her piety and devotion and her zealous efforts to promote the principles of the Reformation. Livingstone, in his 'Characterisitcs' says of her, 'When I was a child I have often seen her at my father's at the preachings and communions. While dressing she read the Bible, and every day at that time shed more tears (said one) than ever I did in my life.'"
"The Earl died in April 1619 leaving three sons and five daughters and was succeeded by his eldest son John who warmly embraced his mother's ecclesiastical opinions and was as zealous of the cause of Presbyterianism as his forefathers had been in the maintenance of Popery.
"He [the son, the Second Earl of Wigton] married Margaret, daughter of Alexander Livingstone, first Earl of Linlithgow, a lady of amiable disposition and great piety who entered cordially into the religious views and schemes of her husband. They not only attended the ministrations of the settled Protestant clergy, but for some time maintained a chaplain of their own family." (page 552)
John = son of
Generation 16
0.1101110110111111 John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming (b. 1537 Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. Sept. 6, 1572 Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland) [Overlapping line. We are also descended from his sister Margaret] md. May 10, 1562 0.1101110110111110 Elizabeth Ross (b. 1541 Halkhead, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. April 14, 1578, Scotland), daughter of Robert Ross md. Agnes Moncrieff
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "John Fleming was born about 1537 in Bigger, L, Scot, Bi. John Fleming's father was Malcolm FLEMING and his mother was Janet STEWART. His paternal grandparents were John FLEMING and Euphame DRUMMOND; his maternal grandparents were James IV King Of SCOTLAND and Agnes [sic. Isabel] STEWART. He had three brothers and six sisters, named John, James, William, Margaret, Elizabeth, Johanna Or Joan, Janet, Agnes and Mary. He died on September 6th, 1572 in Bigger, L, Scot, Bi. His burial was in Scotland.
"Elizabeth was born about 1541 in Of Halkhead, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Elizabeth's father was Robert Ross MASTER and her mother is Agnes MONCRIEFF. Her paternal grandparents are Ninian ROSS and Janet (Elizabeth) (Stuart) STEWART. She was an only child. She died on April 14th, 1578 in , Scot, Bi.
John Fleming and Elizabeth were married in a religious ceremony on May 10th, 1562 in Bigger, L, Scot, Bi. They had a son and six daughters, named John 1St Earl Wigton, Jean, Margaret, Elizabeth, Lucrece, Mary and Jane."
John = son of
Generation 17
0.11011101101111111 Malcolm Fleming Third Lord Fleming (c. 1494 - Sept. 10, 1547) 3rd Lord Fleming md. 0.11011101101111110 Lady Janet Stewart (1502-1562) illegitimate daughter of 0.11011101101111110 1 King James IV of Scotland. Second Stewart Family
According to Wikipedia: "Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming (c.1494 - 10 September 1547) son and heir of John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland 1524. He was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Solway Moss, Nov 1542, but released at a ransom of 1000 marks on 1 July 1548. He was granted a dispensation on 26 February 1524/5, and subsequently married Lady Janet Stewart, illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland He died 10 September 1547, in his 53rd year, being slain at the Battle of Pinkie."
According to Wikipedia: "Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming (or Jane, Joan, Jean, or Johanna; c.1505 – c.1563) was an illegitimate daughter of James IV of Scotland who served as governess to her niece, Mary, Queen of Scots, and was briefly a mistress to Henry II of France. Her daughter, Mary Fleming, was one of the Queen's Four Maries."
According to thepeerage.com:
"Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming was born circa 1494.2 He married Janet
Stewart, daughter of James IV Stewart, King of Scotland
and Lady Agnes [sic. Isabel] isabel
Stewart. He died on 10 September 1547 at Pinkie, Scotland."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 18
0.110111011011111111 John Fleming, Second Lord Fleming (b. 1465 Biggar and Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. Nov. 1, 1524) Lord Chamberlain of Scotland in 1524 md. 0.110111011011111110 Eupheme Drummond (b. 1467 Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. May 1502 Perthshire, Scotland), daughter of 0.1101110110111111101 John Drummond (1438-1519) md. 0.1101110110111111100 Elizabeth Lindsay (1445-1519)
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "John was born in 1465 in Of Biggar & Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scot. John's father was Malcolm FLEMING and his mother is Euphame LIVINGSTONE. He had a brother and two sisters, named David, Elizabeth and Isobel. He died at the age of 59 on November 1st, 1524. According to Wikipedia, he was assassinated by John Tweedle of Drumselzier while hawking.
Euphame was born about 1467 in , Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Euphame's father was John DRUMMOND and her mother was Elizabeth LINDSAY. She had a brother and four sisters, named William, Annabel, Elizabeth, Margaret and Beatrix. She died in May 1502 in , , Perthshire, Scotland. Her burial was in , Dunblane, Perthshire, Scotland."
John = son of
Generation 19
0.1101110110111111111 Malcolm Fleming, First Lord Fleming (b. 1437 in Biggar, Lanark, Scotland d. 1477) md. 0.1101110110111111110 Euphame Livingstone
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "Malcolm and Euphame were married in a religious ceremony before April 2nd, 1472. They had two sons and two daughters, named David, John, Elizabeth and Isobel."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 20
0.11011101101111111111 Robert Fleming 1st Lord Fleming (1414 - 1491) md.
1436 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland 0.11011101101111111110 Janet Douglas (1420-1437) Second
Douglas Family
According to thePeerage.com: "Robert Fleming, Lord Fleming was the son of Sir Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld and Elizabeth Stewart He married, firstly, Lady Janet Douglas, daughter of James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas and Beatrice Sinclair. He married, secondly, Margaret Lindsay, daughter of John Lindsay. He died in 1491. Robert Fleming, Lord Fleming gained the title of Lord."
Robert = son of
Generation 21
0.110111011011111111111 Sir Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld
(1383 - 1440, executed) md. before June 28,
1413, 0.110111011011111111110 Elizabeth Stewart daughter of 0.1101110110111111111101 Robert Stewart 1st
Duke of Albany and 0.1101110110111111111100
Muriel Keith
According to thePeerage.com: " Sir Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld married Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany and Muriel Keith, before 28 June 1413.2 He died in 1440, executed.
Malcolm = son of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111111111111 David Fleming (b. 1343 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, d.
Feb. 14, 1406 in Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland) md. 0.1101110110111111111110 Isabel Strathechin (1347-1382)
David = son of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111111111111 Malcolm
Fleming (b. 1312 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland d. Sept. 1, 1382 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland) md.
0.11011101101111111111110 Christian
Fleming (b. April 1323 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland,
d. 1400 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland)
Malcolm = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011111111111111 Patrick Fleming (1286-1306) md. 0.110111011011111111111110
Joan Fraser (1290-1312)
Patrick = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111111111111111 Robert Fleming (b. 1252 in Bratton, Scotland d. 1314 in Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland) md. 0.1101110110111111111111110 Joan Douglas (b. 1258 in Hermiston, Midlothian, Scotland d. 1307)
The Lewis Family, Starting from Generation 9, 0.11010010
Frances Fielding Lewis
0.11010010 Frances
Fielding Lewis (1731-1777) md. 0.110100111
George Yates, IV (1727-1777)
Frances = daughter of
Generation 10
0.110100101 Colonel John Lewis, IV md. 0.110100100
Frances Fielding (1702-1731)
his siblings include -
Charles Lewis md. Mary Howell, their son Charles
Lewis (1721-1782) md. Mary Randolph, their son
Charles Lilburn Lewis md. Lucy Jefferson, sister of
Thomas Jefferson)
Colonel Robert Lewis (1704-1765) md. Jane Meriwether
(1705-1753, their son William Lewis (1735-1779) md.
Lucy Meriwether (1751-1837), their son = Captain
Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
children of
Generation 11
0.1101001011 John "Councillor" Lewis II (1669-1725) md. 0.1101001010 Elizabeth Warner (1672-1730) Warner Family
The Neff
Family, Starting from Generation 10, 0.111111110 Anna Catherina Neff
0.111111110 Anna Catherina Neff (1666) Michelfeld, Ostalbkreis, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany - 1759 Michelfeld, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) md. 1683 Michelfeld, Ostalbkris, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany 0.111111110 Wyerich Seltzer (1661 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Gemany - 1742 Michelfeld, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany)
Anna = daughter of
Generation 11
0.1111111101
Rudolf Neff (1622 Hausen am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1677 Michelfeld, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) md. 1648 Affoltern, Canton of
Zurich, Switzerland, 0.1111111100 Regina Zimmerman (1629-1679) Zimmerman Family
Rudolf = son of
Generation 12
0.11111111011 Felix Naf (1587 Hausen, Bern, Switzerland - 1649 Affoltern, Am Albis, Zurich, Switzerland) md. 1607 Heish, Se, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland 0.11111111010 Anna Ringger (1591 - 1628) Ringger Family
Felix = son of
Generation 13
0.111111110111 Ulrich Naf (1550 Heisch, Hasen am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1591 Hausen, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland) md. Hausen, Se, Zurich, Switzerland 0.111111110110 Verena Huber
Ulrich = son of
Generation 14
0.1111111101111 Max Naf (1500 Vollenweid, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1571 Heisch, Hausen Am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland)
Marx = son of
Generation 15
0.11111111011111 Hans Naf (1467 - 1531) md. 0.11111111011110 Katherina Huber (1470 - 1504)
Hans = son of
Generation 16
0.111111110111111 Hans Naf (1430 Hausen, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1500 Rengg, Switzerland) md. 1467
Hans = son of
Generation 17
0.1111111101111111 Heinrich Neff (1388 Rengg Langnau, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1448 Rengg, Switzerland) md 1429 Switzerland, 0.1111111101111110 Verena (1388 - 1455)
Heinrich = son of
Generation 18
0.11111111011111111 Hans Neff (1366 langnau, Zurich, Switzerland - 1406 Rengg, Switzerland)
The
Zimmerman Family, Starting from Generation 11, 0.1111111100 Regina Zimmerman
0.1111111100
Regina
Zimmerman
(b. Dec. 13, 1629 Affolturn,
Zurich Canton, Switzerland d. Sept. 3, 1679 Duhren,
Switzerland) md. 1648 Affoltern,
Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, 0.1111111101 Rudolf
Neff (1622 Hausen am Albis, Canton of Zurich,
Switzerland - 1677 Michelfeld, Heidelberg,
Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany)
Regina = daughter of
Generation 12
0.11111111001 Caspar Zimmerman (b. July 9, 1594 Albis, Zurich Canton, Switzerland d. Dec. 2, 1681 Affolturn, Zurich Canton, Switzerland) md. Nov. 20, 1627 0.11111111000 Anna Lussi (b. Nov. 30, 1608 Affolturn, Zurich Canton Switzerland d. April 9, 1644, Affoltern, Am Albis, Zurich Canton, Switzerland) Lusi Family
The Warner
Family, Starting from Generation 11, 0.1101001010 Elizabeth Warner
0.1101001010
Elizabeth Warner (1672-1730) md.
Warner Family md. 0.1101001011 John "Councillor"
Lewis II (1669-1725)
her sister =
Mildred Warner (1671-1701) md. Major Lawrence
Washington (1659-1698), their son = Captain Augustine Washington (1694-1743) md. Mary Ball (1708-1789), their son = President George Washington (1732-1799) md. Martha Dandridge Custis (1731-1802)
Generation 12
0.11010010101 Colonel Augustine Warner
II (1642-1681) md. 0.11010010100 Mildred Reade (1642-1695)
his sister =
Sarah Warner md. Lawrence Townley, their daughter
Alice Townley md. John Grymes, their son = Charles
Grymes (1696-1753) md. Frances Jennings (1694-1743),
their daughter = Jucy Grymes md.
Henry Lee of Leesville, VA, their son Henry Lee ("Liht
Horse Harry") (1756-1818) md. Anne Hill Carter,
their son = General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870)
children of
Generation 13
0.110100101011 Colonel Augustine Warner
(1611-1674) md. 0.110100101010
Mary Townley (1614-1662)
The Lusi Family, Starting from
Generation 12, 0.11111111000 Anna Lussi
0.11111111000 Anna Lussi (b. Nov. 30, 1608 Affolturn, Zurich Canton Switzerland d. April 9, 1644, Affoltern, Am Albis, Zurich Canton, Switzerland) md. Nov. 20, 1627 0.11111111001 Caspar Zimmerman (b. July 9, 1594 Albis, Zurich Canton, Switzerland d. Dec. 2, 1681 Affolturn, Zurich Canton, Switzerland)
Anna = daughter of
Generation 13
0.111111110001 Heini
Lusi (b.1580, Affoltern, Zurich Canton, Switzerland) md.
Sept. 28, 1606 Affoltern,
Zurich Canton, Switzerland, 0.111111110000
Barbeli Vollenweider
(b. 1581, Affoltern, Zurich Canton, Switzerland),
daughter of 0.1111111100001 Heini Vollenwider (b. 1565, Affoltern,
Zurich, Switzerland) md. 1597 Affolturn,
Zurich Canton, Switzerland, 0.1111111100000
Anna Schurpin (b. 1565)
The Tarleton Family, Starting from Generation 11, 0.11011101100 Susannah Tarleton
Generation 11
0.11011101100
Susannah Tarleton (1663-after
1717) md. 0.11011101101
Charles Fleming (1659-1717) (of New Kent County, VA)
According to "My Ancestors
and Relatives":
"Colonel Charles was born on December 10th, 1659
in Of Charles Parish, York Co., Va. Colonel Charles' father was John FLEMMING and his mother was Mrs.
Mercy Or Mary FLEMING. His paternal grandparents were Captain Alexander
FLEMING and Elizabeth (Elspet) ANDERSON. He had four
brothers and a sister, named William, Alexander, John, Tarleton
and Lydia. He died at the age of 57 on October 7th, 1717
in St. Peter's Parish, New Kent, Va.
"Susanna was born in Of St.
Peter's Parish, New Kent, Va. Susanna's father was Stephen TARLETON and her mother is Susanna. She had a sister named
Judith. She died after October 7th, 1717 in St.
Peters Parish, New Kent.
"Colonel Charles and Susanna
were married in a religious ceremony in New Kent, Virginia. They had two
sons and eight daughters, named Colonel John, Tarleton, Susannah, Elizabeth,
Judith, Ursula, Anne, Grace, Anne and Sarah.
Susannah = daughter of
Generation 12
0.110111011001
Stephen Tarleton (1637-1688) md. 0.110111011000 Susanna Bates (1635-1717) daughter of 0.1101110110001 John
Bates (May 23,1598-before Jan. 24, 1667) b. Canterbury, Kent, England, d. Virginia
and 0.1101110110000 Elizabeth Winston (Aug. 12, 1605-March
30, 1701) b. Yorkshire, England, d. Middletown, Bruton Parish, York, VA
Stephen Tarleton was called
to appear in court on April 12, 1660 to answer a
charge made by Mary Gunnell, his servant: “Stephen Torlington
got her with child and did use her several times by day and also by night in
her master's hall and also in other places.” Nor was that the last of his
trouble with the law. He joined Bacon’s rebellion 1676, for which he begged and
received forgiveness from his Majesty's Commissioners, and a year later, in
1677, “he was again involved in rebellious activities when he signed ‘The Blisland Parish Grievances,’ a list of complaints about the
acts of oppression committed by the crown's agents in the Virginia Colony. In May, 1682, he was arrested by the Sheriff of York County for
inciting the "Tobacco Riots", during which tobacco plants, crops, and
stored stockpiles were destroyed by the planters rather than sell them to the
crown's buyers.” None of these troubles prevented him from being a well 5
regarded vestryman in St. Peter’s Parish, New Kent County in the last few years
of his life. One wonders what his Quaker in-laws made of his rebellious and
licentious behavior. In email from Dana Ward dana_ward@pitzer.edu 6/28/2022
Stephen = son of
Generation 13
0.110111011001 John Tarleton (1610-1677) md. 0.110111011009 Ursula
The Ringger Family, Starting from Generation 12, 0.1111111100 Anna Ringger
0.1111111100 Anna Ringger (1591 Affoltern, am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1628 Affoltern, am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland) md. 1607 Heish, Se, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, 0.1111111101 Felix Naf (1587 Hausen, Bern, Switzerland - 1649 Affoltern, Am Albis, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland)
Anna = daughter of
Generation 13
0.11111111001 Oswald Ringger (1565 Hausen Se, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland -1630 Hausen, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland) md. 0.11111111000 Anna Blickenstorfer (b. 1573 Stalikon, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland)
Oswald = son of
Generation 14
0.111111110011 Rudolf Ringger (1520 Maschwanden, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1587 Hausen Am Albis Canton of Zurich, Switzerland) md. 1542 Canton Zurich, Switzerland 0.111111110010 Barbara Egli
Rudolf = son of
Generation 15
0.1111111100111 Jorg Ringger (b. 1480 Maschwanden, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland)
Jorg = son of
Generation 16
0.11111111001111 Werner Ringger (1456 Schwamendingen, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1480 Hoff, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland)
Werner = son of
Generation 17
0.111111110011111 Hans Ringger (1412 Schwamendingen, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1487 Maschwanden, Canton of Zurich) md. 0.111111110011110 Kathrinen (1426 Switzerland - )
Hans = son of
Generation 18
0.1111111100111111 Heini Ringger (1385 Osd, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1453)
Heini = son of
Generation 19
0.11111111001111111 Rudolf Ringger (1350 Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1385)
Rudolf = son of
Generation 20
0.111111110011111111 Uli Ringger (1333 Canton of Zurich, Switzerland - 1370)
Uli = son of
Generation 21
0.1111111100111111111 Ringer (b. 1288) md. ? (b. 1292)
The Livingston Family, Starting from Generation 14, 0.1101110110110 Margaret Livingston
0.1101110110110 Margaret Livingston (b. about 1587 Callendar, Stirlingshire, Scotland d. 1634) md. 0.1101110110111 John Fleming (b. Dec. 9, 1589 Kincardine, Perth, Scotland d. May 7 1650 Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland)
According to "My Ancestors and Relatives": "John was born on December 9th, 1589 in Kincardine, Perth, Scot. and his baptism took place on December 9th, 1589 in Kincardine, Perthshire, Scotland. John's father was John 1St Earl Wigton FLEMING and his mother was Lillias Lilias GRAHAM. His paternal grandparents were John Fleming EARL and Elizabeth ROSS; his maternal grandfather is John GRAHAM and his maternal grandmother was Jean DRUMMOND. He had four brothers and eight sisters, named James, Alexander, FLEMING, Malcolm, Jean, Jean, Anne, Margaret, Sarah, Lillias, Mary and Rachel. He died at the age of 60 on May 7th, 1650 in Cumbernauld, Lanarkshire, Scotland. His burial was in Scotland.
"Margaret was born about 1587 in Of, Callendar, Stirlingshire, Scotland. Margaret's father was Alexander LIVINGSTON and her mother is Eleanor Or Helen HAY. Her paternal grandfather was William LIVINGSTONE and her paternal grandmother is Agnes FLEMING. She had three brothers and a sister, named Alexander, John, James and Anna. She died in 1634.
"John and Margaret were married in a religious ceremony on February 20th, 1609 in Scotland. They had three sons and six daughters, named John, Captain Alexander, William, Eleanor, Ann, Jean, Lilias, Helen and Margaret.
Margaret = daughter of
Generation 15
0.11011101101101 Alexander Livingston (1561-1621) md. 0.11011101101100 Eleanor Hay (1565-1630)
Alexander = son of
Generation 16
0.110111011011011 William Livingston (1528-1502), 6th Lord Livingston of Callandar md. 0.1101110110110110 Agnes Fleming (1535-1597)
His father was guardian of Mary, queen of Scots during her childhood and his sister Mary Livingston was on of the four attendants of Mary, queen of Scots. He fought for Queen May at the Battle of Langside in 1568.
William = son of
Generation 17
0.1101110110110111 Alexander Livingston (1500-1551), 5th Lord Livingston of Callandar md. 0.1101110110110110 Agnes Douglas First Douglas Family
According to Wikipedia: "Alexander Livingston, 5th Lord Livingston of Callandar (c.1500 – 1553) was the guardian of Mary I of Scotland during her childhood. Alexander Livingston succeeded his father to the title of Lord Livingston in about 1518. His first wife was Janet Stewart. After her death, he married Lady Agnes Douglas, daughter of John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton, and by her he had eight children. Lord Livingston became Queen Mary's guardian in about 1543. One of his daughters was Mary Livingston, who became a lady-in-waiting to the queen. When Queen Mary went to France in 1548 following her betrothal to the Dauphin, Livingston accompanied her, and remained there until he died. His lineal descendant was the Rev. John Livingston father of Robert Livingston the Elder of New York."
The Graham Family, Starting with Generation 15, 0.110111011011110 Lilias Graham
0.110111011011110 Lilias Graham (b. 1568 Montrose,
Lanarkshire, Scotland d. 1605 Perth, Perthshire,
Scotland) md. Jan. 13, 1585 in Montrose, Angus,
Scotland 0.110111011011111 Lord John
Fleming (1567-1619) 6th Lord Fleming, first Earl
of Wigton in Scotland Fleming Family
The Cary Estes Geneaology p. 86 quotes "Biggar and the House of Fleming" by William Hunter, F.S.a. Scot. Pages 551-552, 557:
"Lord Fleming married Lady Lilias Graham, a daughter of John, Earl of Montrose. Her ladyship was distinguished for her piety and devotion and her zealous efforts to promote the principles of the Reformation. Livingstone, in his 'Characterisitcs' says of her, 'When I was a child I have often seen her at my father's at the preachings and communions. While dressing she read the Bible, and every day at that time shed more tears (said one) than ever I did in my life.'"
"The Earl died in April 1619 leaving three sons and five daughters and was succeeded by his eldest son John who warmly embraced his mother's ecclesiastical opinions and was as zealous of the cause of Presbyterianism as his forefathers had been in the maintenance of Popery.
"He [the son, the Second Earl of Wigton] married Margaret, daughter of Alexander Livingstone, first Earl of Linlithgow, a lady of amiable disposition and great piety who entered cordially into the religious views and schemes of her husband. They not only attended the ministrations of the settled Protestant clergy, but for some time maintained a chaplain of their own family." (page 552)
Lilias = daughter of
Generation 16
0.1101110110111101 John Graham, third Earl of Montrose (1547, Montrose, Lanarkshire, Scotland - Nov. 9, 1608, Forfar, Angus, Scotland), Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews 1599-1604 md. 0.1101110110111100 Jean Drummond (1548, Machany, Perth, Scotland - 1595, Scotland)
According to Wikipedia: "John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose (1548 – 9 November 1608) was a Scottish peer and Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1599 to 1604. He was a natural great-grandson of King James IV of Scotland, his maternal grandmother, Janet Fleming, being a royal bastard."
According to Cary-Estes Genealogy p. 85: Joan "dau. of David Drummond, Second and Lord, and Lilias Ruthven; son of Walter Drummond; son of William Drummond and Isabel Campbell, dau. of Colin Campbell, Earl of Argyle; son of Sir John Drummond and Eliza Lindsey."
John = son of
Generation 19
0.11011101101111011 Robert Graham, Master of Montrose (1515 - Sept. 10 1547,
Musselburgh, Midlothian, Scotland) md. 0.11011101101111010
Margaret Fleming (1528, Boghall castle, Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland - Jan. 1587 Auchterarder, Perthshire, Scotland) Fleming
Family Overlapping lines.
We are descended from her brother John as well.
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Robert Graham md. Margaret Fleming,
d. 1547
According to thePeerage.com: "Robert Graham, Master of Montrose was the son of William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose and Lady Janet Keith. He died on 10 September 1547 at Pinkie, Scotland. Robert Graham, Master of Montrose was styled as Master of Montrose."
Robert = son of
Generation 20
0.110111011011110111 William Graham, second Earl of Montrose (1492-1571) md. Dec. 1515 0.110111011011110110 Lady Janet Keith (1495 Kincardinshire, Scotland - Aug. 27, 1547, Scotland) Keith Family
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Jane Keith md. William Graham, Second Earl of Montrose]
According to thepeerage.com: "William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose was the son of William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose and Annabella Drummond. He married Lady Janet Keith, daughter of William Keith, 2nd Earl Marischal and Lady Elizabeth Gordon, in December 1515. William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose gained the title of 2nd Earl of Montrose."
William = son of
Generation 21
0.1101110110111101111 William Graham, (1447 Perth, Perthshire, Scotland - Sept. 9 1513 Flodden Field, Branxton, Northumberland, England)
first Earl of Montrose md. Nov. 25, 1479 0.1101110110111101110 Annabella Drummond,
(1463 Innerpeffray, Crief, Perthshire,
Scotland - March 17, 1505 Stobhall, Cargill, Perthshire, Scotland) daughter of 0.11011101101111011101 John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond md. 0.11011101101111011100
Lady Elizabeth Lindsay Drummund
Family
[Overlapping line. we're also descended from her brother William Drummond, Master of Drummond]
According to thePeerage.com: "William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose was the son of William Graham, 2nd Lord Graham and Lady Anne Douglas. He married Annabella Drummond, daughter of John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay, on 25 November 1479. William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose gained the title of 1st Earl of Montrose."
William = son of
Generation 22
0.11011101101111011111 William Graham, 2nd Lord Graham (1433 Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland - 1472 Perth, Perthshire, Scotland) md. before 1460 0.11011101101111011110 Helen or Elene Douglas (1425 Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland - 1476 Graham, Scotland) daugther of 0.110111011011110111101 William Douglas (Feb. 24, 1398 Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland - Oct. 1437 Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland) 2nd Earl of Angus md. 0.11011101101111011110 0 Margaret Hay (1404, Locharret, Scotland - April 22, 1484 Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland)
According to thePeerage.com: "William Graham, 2nd Lord Graham was the son of Patrick Graham, 1st Lord Graham and Christian Erskine. He married Elene Douglas, daughter of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus and Margaret Hay, before 1460.1 He died in 1472."
William = son of
Generation 23
0.110111011011110111111 Patrick Graham, 1st Lord Graham and Archibishop of St. Andrews (1417, Angusshire, Kincardineshire, Scotland - June 24, 1466) md.0.110111011011110111110 Christian Erskine (1497, Glenesk, Angusshire, Scotland - 1479, Mugdock Castle, Stirlingshire, Scotland), daughter of 0.1101110110111101111101 Sir Robert Erskine, (1370 Sinton, Selkirksshire, Scotland - Nov. 6, 1452 Sinton, Selkirkshire, Scotland) 1st Lord Erskine and 0.1101110110111101111100 Christian Stewart
According to thePeerage.com: "Patrick Graham, 1st Lord Graham was the son of Alexander Graham.1 He died in 1478.1 He was also reported to have died in 1466. Patrick Graham, 1st Lord Graham gained the title of 1st Lord Graham. He held the office of Archbishop of St. Andrews."
Patrick = son of
Generation 24
0.1101110110111101111111 Alexander Graham (1396 Angusshire, Kincardineshire, Scotland - 1420, Scotland) md. 0.1101110110111101111110 Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of 0.11011101101111011111101 King Robert III of Scotland md. 0.11011101101111011111100 Annabella Drummond (1350-1401 Overlapping line. We are also descended from Annabel's brother King James I of Scotland who married Joan Beaufort. First Stewart Family
Alexander = son of
Generation 25
0.11011101101111011111111 Sir William Graham (1376 Angusshire Kincardineshire, Scotland - 1424 Kincardine, Perthshire, Scotland) md (1) .0.11011101101111011111110 Gille Stewart (1358, Scotland - 1388, Scotland) daughter of .0.110111011011110111111101 Sir John Stewart, son of 0.1101110110111101111111011 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland [Overlaps his line] md. (2) Isabella Graham, daughter of Sir John Graham (b. before 1285)
According to thePeerage.com:
"Sir William Graham married, firstly, Gille
Stewart, daughter of Sir John Stewart. He married, secondly, Lady Mary Stewart,
daughter of Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland and
Annabel Drummond, on 13 November 1413.2 He died in 1424. Sir William
Graham lived at Kincardine, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland. He was invested as a Knight."
William = son of
Generation
26
0.110111011011110111111111 Patrick Graham
(1350 Kincardine, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland - Aug. 10, 1413 Dunduff,
Kincardineshire, Scotland)
Second Stewart Family, Starting from Generation 17,
0.11011101101111110 Lady Janet Stewart
0.11011101101111110 Lady Janet Stewart
(1502-1562) md. 0.11011101101111111 Malcolm Fleming,
3rd Lord Fleming (c. 1494 - Sept. 10, 1547) Fleming Family
According to Wikipedia: "Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming (17 July 1502 – 20 February 1562), called la Belle Écossaise (French for "the Beautiful Scotswoman"), was an illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland who served as governess to her half-niece Mary, Queen of Scots. Janet was briefly a mistress of King Henry II of France, by whom she had a legitimated son: Henri d'Angoulême. Her daughter, Mary Fleming, was one of the young queen's "Four Marys".
According to Wikipedia: "Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming (c.1494 - 10 September 1547) son and heir of John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland 1524. He was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Solway Moss, Nov 1542, but released at a ransom of 1000 marks on 1 July 1548. He was granted a dispensation on 26 February 1524/5, and subsequently married Lady Janet Stewart, illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland He died 10 September 1547, in his 53rd year, being slain at the Battle of Pinkie."
Janet = daughter of
Generation 18
0.110111011011111101 King James IV of Scotland (1473-1513) reigned 1488-1513 mated with 0.110111011011111100 Lady Isabel Stewart, daughter of 0.1101110110111111001 James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan
According to Wikipedia: "James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last British monarch to be killed in battle. James IV was the son of James III and Margaret of Denmark, probably born in Stirling Castle."
James = son of
Generation 19
0.1101110110111111011 King James III of Scotland (c. 1451/1452-1488) reigned 1460-1488 md. 1469 0.1101110110111111010 Margaret of Denmark (1456-1486), daughter of 0.11011101101111110101 King Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Oldenburg Family
According to Wikipedia: "James III of Scotland (c. 1451/1452 – 11 June 1488), the son of James II and Mary of Guelders, was Duke of Rothesay from birth, then King of Scots from 1460 to 1488. James was an unpopular and ineffective monarch owing to an unwillingness to administer justice fairly, a policy of pursuing alliance with the Kingdom of England, and a disastrous relationship with nearly all his extended family."
James = son of
Generation 20
0.11011101101111110111 King James II of Scotland (1430-1460) reigned 1437-1460 md. 0.11011101101111110110 Mary of Guelders
[Overlaps another line. We are also descended from his sister Annabella Stewart]
According to Wikipedia: "James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh – August 3, 1460) reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460. James II, the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort (daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and of Margaret Holland), had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to receive a knighthood, but died in infancy. James II became the father of James III. He gained the nickname "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. James had six sisters, who married into various European royal dynasties. James II was killed when the chamber of a bombard exploded at the siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460."
James = son of
Generation 21
0.110111011011111101111 King James I of Scotland (1394-1437) reigned 1424-1437 md. 0.11011101101111110110 Joan Beaufort (1404-1445) Beaufort Family
According to Wikipedia: "James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) was nominal King of Scots from April 4, 1406, and reigning King of Scots from May 1424 until February 21, 1437. Born on December 10, 1394, the son of Robert III and Annabella Drummond, he had an eventful childhood. In 1402 his elder brother, David, starved to death in prison at Falkland in Fife."
James = son of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111111011111 King Robert III of Scotland (1340-1406), reigned 1390-1406 md.1367 0.1101110110111111011110
Annabella Drummond (1350-1401) Drummond Family
According to Wikipedia: "Robert III (c. 1340 – April 4, 1406), King of Scots (reigned 1390 - 1406), the eldest son of King Robert II by his mistress, Elizabeth Mure, became legitimised with the formal marriage of his parents about 1349. (They had previously married in 1336, but some had criticised that ceremony as uncanonical.) In 1367, Robert III married Anabella Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary Montifex."
Robert = son of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111110111111 King Robert II of Scotland (1316-1390), reigned 1371-1390 mated with 0.11011101101111110111110 Elizabeth Mure (later legitimized with formal marrage 1349)
According to Wikipedia: "Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), was King of Scots from 1371 until his death. He was also the High Steward of Scotland and the first king from the House of Stewart (later spelled "Stuart"). Robert was the sole son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of King Robert I of Scotland and his first wife Isabella of Mar. He was delivered by caesarean section, reputedly at Paisley Abbey. His mother, who had been thrown from a horse, survived his birth by some hours at most."
Robert = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011111101111111 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) md. 0.110111011011111101111110 Marjorie Bruce (1296-1316), daughter of King Robert I of Scotland Bruce Family
Walter = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111111011111111 James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland one of the six Regents of Scotland (1243-1309) md. 0.1101110110111111011111110 Cecilia Dunbar (1278, Dunbar Castle, East Lothian, Scotland - Oct. 26, 1327 Cullen Banffshire, Scotland) daughter of Patrick Dunbar
James = son of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111110111111111 Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland
(1214-1283) md. 0.11011101101111110111111110 Jean,
daughter of 0.110111011011111101111111101
Angus or James Macrory, Lord of Bute.
Alexander is said to have accompanied King Louis of France on the Crusade in 1248.
Alexander = son of
Generation 27
0.110111011011111101111111111 Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of
Scotland (d. 1246) md. 0.110111011011111101111111110 Bethoc, daughter of Gille
Crist, Earl of Angus
First to use the Stewart surname
Walter = son of
Generation 28
0.1101110110111111011111111111 Alan fitz Walter (1150, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland - 1204, Dundonald, Kyle, Aurshire, Scotland) 2nd High Steward of Scotland accompanied Richard the Lionheart on the Third Crusade, patron of the Knights Templar md. 0.1101110110111111011111111110 Alesta Stewart (1150 Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland - Sept. 22, 1182, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland) daughter of 0.11011101101111110111111111101 Morggan Earl of Mar (1115, Dunfermline, fife, Scotalnd - March 30, 1182, Mar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Alan = son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101111110111111111111 Walter Fitzalan, 1st High Steward of Scotland held that post c. 1150-1177 (d. 1177) Norman by culture and by blood a Breton md. 0.11011101101111110111111111110 Eschyna de Londoniis of Molla and Huntlaw (1106, Roxburghshire, Scotland - 1209, Paisley Abbbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland)
Walter = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101111111111111 Alan fitz Flaad, Breton knight and lord of Oswestry (d. after 1114) md. 0.1101110110111111011111111111110 Ada or Adeline, daughter of 0.11011101101111110111111111111101 Emoulf of Hesdin, who was killed on crusade at Antioch
Alan = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111111011111111111111
Flaad
Flaad = son of
Generation 32
0.11011101101111110111111111111111 Alain, a crusader in 1097, Dpaifer to the Archbishop of Dol, near Mont Saint-Michel
Second
Drummond Family, Starting with Generation 16, 0.1101110110111100 Joan Drummond
0.1101110110111100 Joan Drummond md.0.1101110110111101 John Graham, third Earl of Montrose (1548-
Nov. 9, 1608), Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews 1599-1604 Graham
Family
According to Wikipedia: "John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose (1548 –
9 November 1608) was a Scottish peer and Chancellor of the University of St
Andrews from 1599 to 1604.
He was a natural great-grandson of King James IV of Scotland, his maternal
grandmother, Janet Fleming, being a royal bastard."
According to Cary-Estes Genealogy p. 85: Joan "dau. of David Drummond, Second and Lord, and Lilias Ruthven; son of Walter Drummond; son of William Drummond and Isabel Campbell, dau. of Colin Campbell, Earl of Argyle; son of Sir John Drummond and Eliza Lindsey."
Joan = daughter of
Generation 17
0.11011101101111001 David Drummond, Second Lord Drummond in 1519 md. before Dec. 7, 1543 0.11011101101111000 Lilias Ruthven
According to thepeerage.com: " David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond was born between 1515 and 1517.1 He was the son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Graham. He married, firstly, Margaret Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart, in 1535.2 He married, secondly, Lilias Ruthven, daughter of William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven and Janet Halyburton, Lady Dirletoun, before 7 December 1543.2 He died in 1571. David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond succeeded to the title of 2nd Lord Drummond [S., 1488] in 1519."
According to thepeerage.com: "Lilias Ruthven is the daughter of William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven and Janet Halyburton, Lady Dirletoun. She married David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Graham, before 7 December 1543."
David = son of
Generation 18
0.110111011011110011 Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond (d. 1518) md. Feb. 1513/1514 0.110111011011110010 Lady Elizabeth Graham, daughter of 0.1101110110111100101 William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose md. 0.1101110110111100100 Janet Edmonstone (b. before 1483), daughter of 0.11011101101111001001 Sir Archibald Edmonstone [Overlapping line]
According to thepeerage.com: "Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond was the son of William Drummond, Master of Drummond and Lady Isabel Campbell. He married Lady Elizabeth Graham, daughter of William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose and Janet Edmonstone, in February 1513/14.1 He died in 1518. Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond was styled as Master of Drummond between 1490 and 1518."
Walter = son of
Generation 19
0.1101110110111100111 William Drummond, Master of Drummond (d. 1490) [Overlapping line, we're also descended from his sister Annabella Drummond, who married William Graham] md. 0.1101110110111100110 Isabel Campbell, daugher of 0.11011101101111001101 Colin Campbell, Earl of Argyle
According to thepeerage.com: "William Drummond, Master of Drummond was the son of John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay. He married Lady Isabel Campbell, daughter of Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart.1 He died in 1490."
According to thepeerage.com: "Lady Isabel Campbell was the daughter of Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart. She married William Drummond, Master of Drummond, son of John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay. Her married name became Lady Drummond.1
William = son of
Generation 20
0.11011101101111001111 John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond (1440 Stobhall, Perthshire, Scotland - Dec. 18, 1519 Drummond Castle, Strathearn, Scotland) 1438, d. about 1519) md. 1462 0.11011101101111001110 Lady Elizabeth Lindsay, (1445 Crawford, Lanarkshire, Scotland - Nov. 22, 1509 Stobhall, Cargill, Perth, Scotland) daughter of 0.110111011011110011101 Sir Alexander Lindsay, (b. Glenesk, Angusshire, Scotland - Sept. 13, 1453 Finhaven Castle, Angusshire, Scotland) 4th Earl of Crawford md. 0.110111011011110011100 Margaret Dunbar (1425 Cockburn, Benwickshire, Scotland - Jan. 1499 Cockburn, Berwickshire, Scotland)
According to thepeerage.com: " John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond was born circa 1438. He is the son of Sir Malcolm Drummond and Mariot Murray. He married Lady Elizabeth Lindsay, daughter of Sir Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford and Margaret Dunbar, in 1462.2,3 He died circa 1519. John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond was created 1st Lord Drummond [Scotland] on 29 January 1487/88."
According to thepeerage.com: "Lady Elizabeth Lindsay was the daughter of Sir Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford and Margaret Dunbar.1 She married John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond, son of Sir Malcolm Drummond and Mariot Murray, in 1462. She died after 22 November 1509. From 1462, her married name became Drummond."
John = son of
Generation 21
0.110111011011110011111 Sir Malcolm Drummond (d. 1470) md. 1445 0.110111011011110011110 Mariot Murray
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir Malcolm Drummond was the son of Sir Walter Drummond and Margaret Ruthven. He married Mariot Murray, daughter of Sir David Murray of Tullibardine and Margaret Colquhoun, in 1445.1 He died in 1470."
According to thepeerage.com: "Mariot Murray is the daughter of Sir David Murray of Tullibardine and Margaret Colquhoun.1 She married Sir Malcolm Drummond, son of Sir Walter Drummond and Margaret Ruthven, in 1445. Her married name became Drummond."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111100111111 Sir Walter Drummond md. 0.1101110110111100111110 Margaret Ruthven, daughter of 0.11011101101111001111101 Sir William Ruthven, who lived at Ruthven, Scotland.
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir Walter Drummond was the son of Sir John Drummond."
Walter = son of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111001111111 Sir John Dummond
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir John Drummond was the son of Sir John Drummond, 12th of Lennox and Elizabeth Sinclair. Sir John Drummond lived at Stobhall. He held the office of Justiciar [Scotland]."
John = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011110011111111 Sir John Drummond, 12th of
Lenox (1356-1428) md. 0.110111011011110011111110 Elizabeth Sinclair (b.
1363) daughter of 0.1101110110111100111111101 Henry
Sinclar, 1st Earl of Orkney md. 0.11011101101111001111111010 Jane
Holyburton
[Overlapping line. We're
also descended from his sister Annabella Drummond who married King Robert III
of Scotland]
According to thepeerage.com: " Sir John Drummond, 12th of Lennox was born in 1356 at Drymen, Stirlingshire, Scotland.1 He was the son of Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox and Mary Montifex.1 He married Elizabeth Sinclair, daughter of Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney and Jane Halyburton.1 He died in 1428."
According to thepeerage.com: "Elizabeth Sinclair was born in 1363. She was the daughter of Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney and Jane Halyburton.1,2 She married Sir John Drummond, 12th of Lennox, son of Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox and Mary Montifex. Her married name became Drummond."
John = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111100111111111 Sir John Drummond 11th of Lennox (1318-1373) md. 0.110111011011110011111111 Mary Montifex (b. 1325)
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox was born in 1318.2 He was the son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 10th Thane of Lennox and Margaret de Graham.2 He married Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William de Montifex.2 He died in 1373. Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox lived at Strobhall, Scotland."
According to thepeerage.com: "Mary Montifex was born in 1325.2 She was the daughter of Sir William de Montifex. She married Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox, son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 10th Thane of Lennox and Margaret de Graham. Her married name became Drummond. She was also known as Mary Montfichet."
John = son of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111001111111111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 10th Thane of Lennox (b. aftrer 1295, d. 1346) md. 0.11011101101111001111111110 Margaret de Graham
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir Malcolm Drummond, 10th Thane of Lennox was born after 1295.1 He was the son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 9th Thane of Lennox and Margaret Graham.1 He died in 1346, killed in action. Sir Malcolm Drummond, 10th Thane of Lennox fought in the Battle of Durham in 1346."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 27
0.110111011011110011111111111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 9th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1270 d. 1325) md. 0.110111011011110011111111110 Margaret Graham, daughter of 0.1101110110111100111111111101 Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine
According to the peerage.com: "Sir Malcolm Drummond, 9th Thane of Lennox was born after 1270.1 He was the son of Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox and Elena Stewart.1 He married Margaret Graham, daughter of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine. He died in 1325."
According to thepeerage.com: " Margaret Graham was born before 1279. She was the daughter of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine. She married Sir Malcolm Drummond, 9th Thane of Lennox, son of Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox and Elena Stewart. Her married name became Drummond.".
Malcolm = son of
Generation 28
0.1101110110111100111111111111 Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox md. 0.1101110110111100111111111110 Elena Stewart, daughter of Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith md. Mary of Monteith, Countess of Menteith
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox was born after 1240.1 He was the son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 7th Thane of Lennox.1 He married Elena Stewart, daughter of Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith and Mary of Monteith, Countess of Menteith.1 He died in 1301."
According to thepeerage.com: "Elena Stewart was the daughter of Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith and Mary of Monteith, Countess of Menteith. She married Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox, son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 7th Thane of Lennox. Her married name became Drummond."
John = son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101111001111111111111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 7th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1209 d. 1278)
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir Malcolm Drummond, 7th Thane of Lennox was born after 1209.1 He was the son of Malcolm Beg Drummond, 6th Thane of Lennox and Ada of Lennox.1 He died in 1278."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011110011111111111111 Malcolm Beg Drummond, 6th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1169 d. 1259) md. 0.110111011011110011111111111110 Ada of Lennox
According to thepeerage.com: " Malcolm Beg Drummond, 6th Thane of Lennox was born after 1169.1 He was the son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 5th Thane of Lennox.1 He married Ada of Lennox, daughter of Maldouen, 3rd Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Stewart.1 He died in 1259."
According to thepeerage.com: " Ada of Lennox is the daughter of Maldouen, 3rd Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Stewart.2 She married Malcolm Beg Drummond, 6th Thane of Lennox, son of Sir Malcolm Drummond, 5th Thane of Lennox. Her married name became Drummond."
Malcolm = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111100111111111111111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 5th Thane of Lennox (b. before 1153 d. 1200)
According to thepeerage.com: "Sir Malcolm Drummond, 5th Thane of Lennox was born before 1153. He died in 1200."
First Douglas Family, Starting with Generation 17,
0.1101110110110110 Agnes Douglas
0.1101110110110110 Agnes Douglas md. 0.1101110110110111 Alexander Livingston (1500-1551), 5th Lord Livingston of Callandar
Agnes = daughter of
Generation 18
0.11011101101101111 John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton (1459-1512) md. 0.11011101101101110 Janet Crichton (1461-1493)
According to Wikipedia: "John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton (died 1513) was the son of James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton and Princess Joan Stewart. He was a grandson of James I of Scotland. He became earl in 1493, upon his father's death. He was succeeded by his son James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton. His daughter Agnes married Alexander Livingston, 5th Lord Livingston."
According to Wikipedia: "John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton (1466-1513) married Janet Crichton (died 1515).
John = son of
Generation 19
0.110111011011011111 James Douglas (1426-1493) md. 0.110111011011011110 Joan Stewart (1428-1493) Stewart Family
According to Wikipedia: "James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton (died 1493) was created Earl of Morton in 1458. He was a descendant of Agnes Dunbar, 4th Countess of Moray (known as "Black Agnes of Dunbar"). He married Princess Joan Stewart (1429 - c. 1488), daughter of James I, King of Scots. His wife was buried in Dalkeith Church, Dalkeith. They were the parents of four children; Janet, Elizabeth, James and John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton."
According to Wikipedia: "Joan Stewart[1] (circa 1428-after 16 October 1486) was the daughter of James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort. Sent to France in 1445 for education at a nunnery, she later married James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton and had issue..."
James = son of
Generation 20
0.1101110110110111111 James Douglas (1407-1458) md. 0.1101110110110111110 Elizabeth Gifford (1409-1456)
James = son of
Generation 21
0.11011101101101111111 James Douglas (1383-1441) md. 0.11011101101101111110 Elizabeth Stewart (1387-1411) daughter of 0.110111011011011111101 Robert III King of Scotland (1337-1406) md. 0.110111011011011111100 Annabella Drummond (1350-1401)
James = son of
Generation 22
0.110111011011011111111 James Douglas (1350-1420) md. 0.110111011011011111110 Agnes Dunbar (1350-1378) 4th Countess of Moray (AKA Black Agnes of Dunar)
John = son of
Generation 23
0.1101110110110111111111 John Douglas (1320-1350) md. 0.1101110110110111111110 Agnes Munfode (1320-1377)
John = son of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111111111 James Douglas (1300-1323) md. 0.1101110110110111111110 Joan of Scotland (1278-1337)
The Stewart Family, Starting with Generation 19, 0.110111011011011110 Joan Stewart (1426-1493)
0.110111011011011110 Joan Stewart (1428-1493) md. 0.110111011011011111 James Douglas (1426-1493) First Earl of Morton
Joan was a deaf-mute "Joan Stewart, Countess of Morton (c. 1428-16 Oct 1486) was the daughter of James I Stewart, King of Scotland and Lady Joan Beaufort. She was deaf and mute;Sshe was know by the pejorative nickname "The Dumb Lady" (latin: muta domina)." according to Wikitree.com
Joan = daughter of
Generation 20
0.1101110110110111101 King James I of Scotland
(Stewart) (1394-1437), reigned 1406-1437 md. 14240.1101110110110111100
Joan
Beaufort (1404-1445) Beaufort Family
[Overlapping line. We are also descended through the Graham line from his
sister Lady Mary Stewart]
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Joan Beaufort md. James I, King of Scotland]
James = son of
Generation 21
0.11011101101101111011
King Robert III of Scotland (1340-1406),
reigned 1390-1406 md.1367 0.11011101101101111010 Annabella
Drummond (1350-1401) Drummond
Family
[Overlapping line. We are also descended
from her brother Sir John Drummond, 12th of Lenox]
Robert = son of
Generation 22
0.110111011011011110111 King Robert II of Scotland (1316-1390), reigned 1371-1390 mated with 0.110111011011011110110 Elizabeth Mure (later legitimized with formal marrage 1349)
Robert = son of
Generation 23
0.1101110110110111101111 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) md. 0.1101110110110111101110 Marjorie Bruce (1296-1316), daughter of 0.11011101101101111011101 King Robert I of Scotland Bruce Family
Walter = son of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111011111 James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland one of the six Regents of Scotland
(1243-1309) md. 0.11011101101101111011110
Cecilia, daughter of 0.110111011011011110111101
Patrick Dunbar
James = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110111111 Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of
Scotland (1214-1283) md. 0.110111011011011110111110
Jean, daughter of 0.110111011011011110111110
Angus or James Macrory, Lord of Bute.
Alexander is said to have accompanied King Louis of France on the Crusade in 1248.
Alexander = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111101111111 Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland (d. 1246) md. 0.1101110110110111101111110 Bethoc, daughter of 0.11011101101101111011111101 Gille Crist, Earl of Angus
First to
use the Stewart surname
Walter = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111011111111 Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland md. 0.11011101101101111011111110 Alesta, daughter of 0.110111011011011110111111101 Morggan Earl of Mar
Accompanied Richard the Lionheart on the Third Crusade, patron of the Knights Templar
Alan = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110111111111 Walter Fitzalan, 1st High Steward of Scotland, held that post c. 1150-1177 (d. 1177) Norman by culture and by blood a Breton md. 0.110111011011011110111111110 Eschyna de Londoniis of Molla and Huntlaw
Walter = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111101111111111 Alan fitz Flaad, Breton knight (c. 1078 - 1121) d. after 1114) md. 0.1101110110110111101111111110 Ada or Adeline, daughter of 0.11011101101101111011111111101 Emoulf of Hesdin, who was killed on crusade at Antioch
Alan = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111011111111111 Flaad
Flaad = son of
Generation 31
Alan = son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011011110111111111111 Alan, a
crusader in 1097, Dapifer to the Archbishop of Dol, near Mont Saint-Michel
The Oldenburg Family, Starting from Generation 19, with 0.1101110110111111010 Margaret of Denmark
0.1101110110111111010 Margaret of Denmark (1456-1486) md.
1469 0.1101110110111111011 King James III Stewart of Scotland (c.
1451/1452-1488).
James was king 1460-1488, and Duke of Rothesay from birth.
According to Wikipedia: "James III of Scotland (c. 1451/1452 – 11 June 1488), the son of James II and Mary of Guelders, was Duke of Rothesay from birth, then King of Scots from 1460 to 1488. James was an unpopular and ineffective monarch owing to an unwillingness to administer justice fairly, a policy of pursuing alliance with the Kingdom of England, and a disastrous relationship with nearly all his extended family."
Margaret = daughter of
Generation 20
0.11011101101111110101 King Christian I (1426-1481) King of Denmark 1448-1481, Norway 1450-1481 and Sweden 1457-1464, also Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst md. 0.11011101101111110100 Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430/1431-1495), AKA Dorothea of Hohensollern and Dorothy Achilles. Hohenzollern Family
Christian = son of
Generation 21
0.110111011011111101011 Count Dietrich of Oldenburg (1398-1440) AKA Derrick of Oldenburg and Theoderic of Oldenburg and Theoderic
the Lucky, Count of Delmenhorst and Oldenburg md.
0.110111011011111101010 Hedwig of Schauenburg (1398-1436) AKA Helvig of Schauenburg
Schauenburg Family
According to
Wikipedia: "Derrick or Dietrich of Oldenburg, Latin-based anglicization
also Theoderic of Oldenburg (c.
1398–February 14, 1440), nicknamed Theoderic the
Lucky or the Fortunate (Teudericus Fortunatus), was a feudal lord in northern Germany, holding
the counties of Delmenhorst and Oldenburg. He was called "Fortunatus" as he was able to secure Delmenhorst for
his branch of the Oldenburgs. Dietrich is the father
of Christian I of Denmark, a male-line ancestor to the present-day Danish
throne under Margaret II of Denmark.
"Dietrich of Oldenburg was the son of Count Christian V of Oldenburg (who became count in about 1398 and died in 1423) and his wife, Countess Agnes of Honstein. His grandfather, Count Conrad I of Oldenburg (d. ca. 1368) had left his lands divided between his father and his uncle Conrad II.
"Dietrich’s father, Christian V, managed to gain the upper hand when Conrad II's son Maurice IV died in 1420. After this, most of the Oldenburg family patrimony was under the power of Dietrich’s branch. However, the house had several minor branches who had estates and claims, as was usual in any medieval fief.
"Dietrich of Oldenburg was the grandson of Ingeborg of Itzehoe, a Holstein princess who had married count Conrad I of Oldenburg. After the death in 1350 of her only brother, Count Gerhard V of Holstein-Itzehoe-Plön, Ingeborg and her issue were the heirs of her own grandmother Ingeborg of Sweden (d. ca. 1290, first wife of Gerhard II of Plön-Itzehoe), the eldest daughter of King Valdemar of Sweden and Queen Sophia, who herself was the eldest daughter of the sonless King Eric IV of Denmark and his wife Jutta of Saxony. Since other legitimate descent from King Valdemar apparently was extinct by this time, Dietrich was considered the heir general of Kings Valdemar I of Sweden and Eric IV of Denmark.
Dietrich succeeded his father as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1423."
Dietrich = son of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111111010111 Count Christian V of Oldenburg, became count 1398 (b. before 1347 d. 1423) md. 0.1101110110111111010110 Agnes of Honstein, Family of Holstein-Ploen
Christian = son of
Generation 23
0.1101110110111111010111
Count Conrad I of Oldenberg (d. appox. 1368) md. 0.1101110110111111010110
Ingeborg von Braunschweig
Conrad = son of
Generation 24
0.11011101101111110101111
Count John II of Oldenburg md. 0.11011101101111110101110
Hedwig of Diepholz
John = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011111101011111
Count Christian III of Oldenburg md. 0.110111011011111101011110
Hedwig of Oldenburg
Christian = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110111111010111111
Count John I of Oldenburg (1204-1270) md.
0.1101110110111111010111110
Richeza of Hoya-Stumpenhausen
John = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101111110101111111
Count Christian II of Oldenburg (d. 1233) md.
0.11011101101111110101111110 Agnes
of Altena-Isenburg
Christian = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011111101011111111
Count Maurice of Oldenburg (1145-1211) md. 0.110111011011111101011111110
Salome Wickerode
Maurice = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110111111010111111111
Count Christian I of Oldenburg (d. 1167) md. 0.1101110110111111010111111110
Kunigunde
Christian = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101111110101111111111
Count Elimar II of Oldenburg ruled
1108-1142 md. 0.11011101101111110101111111110
Eilika von Werl-Rietberg,
daughter of 0.110111011011111101011111111101
Count Heinrich von Rietberg
Elimar = son of
0.110111011011111101011111111111
Count Elimar I of Oldenburg (1040-1112) md. 1102, 0.110111011011111101011111111110
Richenza daughter of Henry, Count of Rietberg, daughter of 0.1101110110111111010111111111100
Dedi or Adalger
According to
Wikipedia: "The name of Elimar is found in a
charter dating from 1108. His wife claimed that he was descended from
Wittekind, a notable defender of the Saxons and the chief opponent of
Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars of 777 to 785, but there is no other evidence
for this."
The Schauenburg Family, from Generation 21, starting
with 0.110111011011111101010 Hedvig of Schauenburg
0.110111011011111101010
Hedvig of Schauenburg (1398-1436)
AKA Helvig of Schauenburg md. 0.110111011011111101011 Count Dietrich of
Oldenburg (1398-1440) AKA Derrick of Oldenburg and Theoderic
of Oldenburg and Theoderic the Lucky, Count of Delmenhorst and Oldenburg Oldenburg Family
According to Wikipedia: "Helvig of Schauenburg (1398–1436), also known as Hedwig of Schauenburg, was a duchess of Schleswig and a countess of Holstein from the family of Schauenburg, and ancestor of the Danish Royal houses of Oldenburg and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. She was a daughter of Count Gerhard VI of Holstein and his wife Elisabeth of Brunswick. Her brother was Adolf VIII/I, Count of Holstein/Duke of Schleswig. Through their father, Helvig and Adolf were Cognatic descendants of the King Eric V of Denmark. On 18 April 1417 Helvig was married to Prince Balthasar of Mecklenburg, who died of the plague in 1421. In 1423 she was married to Count Dietrich of Oldenburg."
Hedvig = daughter of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111111010101 Count Gerhard VI of Holstein md. 0.1101110110111111010100 Katharina Elisabeth of Brunswick (1385 - after 1423) Brunswick Family
According to Wikipedia: "Elisabeth of Brunswick and Lunenburg was born in 1385 and died after 1423, was Duchess consort of Sønderjylland and Schleswig and Countess consort of Holstein-Rendsburg. She was the regent of some of the fiefs of her son during his minority 1404-1415. She was a daughter of Magnus II Torquatus, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, and his consort Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg, daughter of Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg. Elisabeth was the grandmother of Christian I of Denmark and six times great-granddaughter of Henry II of England." [her line continues below]
Gerhard = son of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111110101011 Henry II of Holstein-Rendsburg, Duke of Schleswig md. 0.11011101101111110101010 Ingeborg of Mecklenburg
Henry = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011111101010111 Gerhard III of Holsetin-Rendsburg, Duck of Schleswig md. 0.110111011011111101010110 Sofie of Mecklengrg-Werle
Gerhard = son of Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg md. Heilwig of Bronckhorst
The
Keith Family, Starting from Generation 20, 0.110111011011110110 Lady Janet
Keith
0.110111011011110110 Lady Janet Keith (1495, Kincardineshire,
Scotland - Aug. 27, 1547, Scotland) md. Dec. 1515
0.110111011011110111 William Graham, second Earl of Montrose (1492-1571) Graham Family
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Jane Keith md. William Graham,
Second Earl of Montrose]
Janet = daughter of
Generation 21
0.1101110110111101101 William Keith 2nd Earl Marischal md. 0.1101110110111101100 Lady Elizabeth or Eliza Gordon Gordon Family
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Eliza Gordon md. William Keith]
The
Beaufort Family, Starting from Generation 20, 1101110110110111100 Joan
Beaufort
0.1101110110110111100 Joan Beaufort (1404-1445) md. 1424
0.1101110110110111101 King James I of Scotland (Stewart) (1394-1437), reigned
1406-1437
Joan = daughter of
Generation 21
0.11011101101101111001 John Beaufort, first Earl of Someset (1371-1410) md. 0.11011101101101111000 Margaret Holland (1385-1439) daughter of 0.110111011011011110001 Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who was the son of 0.1101110110110111100010 Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent", granddaughter of Edward I of England, wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England) Holland Family
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Margaret Holland md. John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorsett, Earl of Somerset, Knight of the Garter]
John = son of
Generation 22
0.110111011011011110011 John of Gaunt (Plantagenet), First Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) md. 0.110111011011011110010 Katherine Swynford (1350-1403) daughter of 0.1101110110110111100101 Payne de Roet a Flemish herald from Hainault [John was born before they were married]
Richard II was
his nephew
King Henry IV was his son
John = son of
Generation 23
0.1101110110110111100111 King Edward III of England (Nov. 13, 1312 - June 21, 1377) reigned 1327-1377 md. 0.1101110110110111100110 Philippa of Hainault (1314-1369) Hainault Family
Edward = son of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111001111 King Edward II of England (April 25, 1284- Sept. 21, 1327?) reigned 1307-1327 md. 0.11011101101101111001110 Isabella of France AKA She-Wolf of France (c. 1295- Aug. 22, 1358), daughter of King Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre
Edward = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110011111
Edward I, King of England (Plantagenet) (1239-1307) reigned (1272-1304) md.
(f) 0.110111011011011110011110 Eleanor of Castile (1241-1290) daughter of 0.1101110110110111100111101 Fernando III, King of Castile and Leon and his second wife, 0.1101110110110111100111100 Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu Family
of Castile
[Overlapping line, also descended from Edward by way of his first wife,
Isabella of Angouleme, Plantagenet family]
Edward = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111100111111
Henry III, King of England (Plantagenet) (1207-1272) reigned 1216-1272) md.
0.1101110110110111100111110 Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223-1291) daughter of 0.11011101101101111001111101
Family of Provence
Henry = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111001111111 John I, "Lackland," King of England (Plantagenet) [Magna Carta] (1166-1216) reigned 1199-1216) md. 0.11011101101101111001111110 Isabella of Angoulême (1187-1246) daughter of 0.110111011011011110011111101 Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme
John = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110011111111
Henry II, King of England (Plantagenet) (1133-1189) reigned
1154-1189) md. 0.110111011011011110011111110
Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) daughter of 0.110111011011011110011111110 1 William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and 0.110111011011011110011111110 Aenor de Châtellerault The Family of Aquitaine
The
Family of Normandy
Overlapping lines. We are also descended
from Eleanor's marriage to the King of France
Henry = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100111111111 Geoffrey V Count of Anjou and Maine by inheritance from 1129 later (from 1144) also Duke of Normandy by conquest (Plantagenet) AKA "the Handsome" (Aug. 24, 1113 - Sept. 7, 1151) md.0.1101110110110111100111111110 Empress Matilda (1102-1110), briefly the first female ruler of England in 1141 (widow of Henry V Holy Roman Emperor)
Geoffrey = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111001111111111 Fulk V of Anjou AKA Fulk the Younger, (1089/1092 - Nov. 13, 1143) Count of Anjou 1109-1129 and King of Jerusalem 1131-1143 went on Crusade in 1120 and became a close friend of the Knights Templar md. 0.11011101101101111001111111110 Eremburga of La Fleche, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011111111101 Elias I of Maine and 0.110111011011011110011111111100 Matilda, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100111111111001 Gervais, Lord of Chateau-du-Loir
Fulk = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110011111111111 Fulk IV AKA le Réchin (1043-1109) Count of Anjou 1068-1109 md. 0.110111011011011110011111111110 Bertrade de Monfort, who later deserted her husband and bigamously married King Philip I, she was the daughter of 0.1101110110110111100111111111101 Simon of Monfort
Fulk = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100111111111111 Geoffrey Count of Gatinais (AKA Aubri) md. 0.1101110110110111100111111111110 Ermengarde of Anjou, daughter of 0.11011101101101111001111111111101 Fulk the Black, Count of Anjou
The Second Douglas Family, Starting
from Generation 20, 0.11011101101111111110 Janet
Douglas (1420-1437)
0.11011101101111111110 Janet Douglas
(1420-1437) md. 1436 in Biggar,
Lanarkshire, Scotland, 0.11011101101111111111 Robert Fleming
1st Lord Fleming (1416 - 1491)
Janet = daugther of
Generation 21
0.110111011011111111101 Sir James Douglas,
7th Earl of Douglas (1394-1494) md. 0.110111011011111111100 Beatrice Sinclair (1398-1462)
James = son of
Generation 22
0.1101110110111111111011 Sir George Douglas (1376-1402) md. 0.1101110110111111111010 Steart Douglas Kennedy (1380-1465)
George = son of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111111110111 William de Douglas (1313-1384) md. 0.11011101101111111110110 Margaret Sewart (1325-1418)
[ancestry.com]
William = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011111111101111 Archibald Douglas (b. 1297 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland
d. July 19, 1333 Haliden
Hill, Nurthumberland, England) md.
0.110111011011111111101110 Beatrice De
Lindsay (1291-1352)
[ancestry.com]
According to Wikipedia: "Sir Archibald Douglas (The Tyneman- Old Scots "Loser") (before 1298 – 19 July 1333) was a Scottish noble, Guardian of Scotland and military leader. The younger son of Sir William "le Hardi" Douglas, the Governor of the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and his wife Eleanor de Lovaine. Douglas was also half-brother of "the Good" Sir James Douglas, King Robert the Bruce's deputy.
"Douglas is first heard of in 1320 when he received a charter of land at Morebattle in Roxburghshire and Kirkandrews in Dumfriesshire from King Robert. In 1324 he was recorded as being granted the lands of Rattray and Crimond in Buchan, and the lands of Conveth, Kincardineshire, already being possession of Cavers in Roxburghshire, Drumlanrig and Terregles in Dumfriesshire, and the lands of West Calder in Midlothian. By the time of his death he was also in possession of Liddesdale.
"History then keeps quiet about Douglas except whilst serving under his older brother James in the 1327 campaign in Weardale, where his foragers "auoint curry apoi tot levesche de Doresme"- overran nearly all the Bishopric of Durham. (Scalacronica)
"Following the death of King Robert I and his brother's crusade with the dead king's heart, Douglas once again becomes of note. He was made guardian of the kingdom since he was "the principal adviser in...the confounding of the king" as much as he was heir to his brothers influence after Murray's capture. Archibald's success in local raids though, did not prepare him for full scale conflict.
"During the Second War of Scottish Independence, Edward Baliol, son of King John of Scotland, had invaded Scotland with the backing of Edward III of England, inflicting a defeat on the Scots at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. Douglas served under the dubious leadership of Patrick V, Earl of Dunbar leader of the second army that aimed to crush the smaller Balliol force. Following the rout of the Earl of Mar's force Dunbar did not engage the disinherited but retreated allowing Edward Balliol to be crowned at Scone. Following this battle, and as a sweetener to the English, Edward Baliol agreed to cede the county, town and castle of Berwick to England in perpetuity. However Douglas led a Bruce loyalist defeat on Balliol at the Battle of Annan, forcing him to flee back to England.
"Edward III himself came north to command his army, and laid siege to Berwick. However, a temporary truce was declared with the stipulation that if not relieved within a set time, Sir Alexander Seton, the governor, would deliver the castle to the English. Douglas raised an army to relieve the beleaguered defenders of Berwick. As a feint to draw the English away he invaded Northumberland, but was forced to return to Berwick when the English refused to be lured. On 19 July, Edward's army took positions at the summit of Halidon Hill, a summit some mile and a half north of the town with commanding views of the surrounding country. Douglas' numerically superior force was compelled to attack up the slope and were slaughtered by the English archers, a prelude, perhaps, to the battles of Crécy and Agincourt. The English won the field with little loss of life, however by the close of the fight, countless Scots common soldiery, five Scots Earls and the Guardian Douglas lay dead. The following day Berwick capitulated.
"Archibald was succeeded by his son, William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas."
see the historical novel Castle Dangerous by Sir Walter Scott
Archibald = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111111111011111
William "le Hardi"
Douglas (1255-1298) md. 0.1101110110111111111011110 Eleanor de Lovaine
According to Wikipedia: "Following the Battle of
Dunbar, a large section of the Scots nobility were
languishing in prison in England. The countryside was fomenting and there was
talk of a new champion for the Scots people, William Wallace of Elderslie had started his campaign. Douglas was summoned to
attend King Edward in London on 7 July 1297, with fifty other barons to
accompany him on an expedition to Flanders to aid Guy
of Dampierre, Count of Flanders against Philip
le Bel King of France. Douglas refused and
joined company with Wallace. Most Scots magnates thought that Wallace was
beneath their dignity, but Douglas had no such compunction. He was the first
nobleman to join with Sir William Wallace in
1297 in rebellion; combining forces at Sanquhar, Durisdeer and later Scone Abbey
where the two liberated the English treasury. With that booty Wallace financed
further rebellion. Wallace joined his forces with that of Sir Andrew Moray and
together they led the patriot army in the Battle at
Stirling Bridge fought on 11 September 1297. They were joined by other
patriots such as Robert Wishart Bishop of Glasgow,
and the Morays of Bothwell, with a contingent of Douglases
at the national muster at Irvine, North Ayrshire.
"When Edward heard of Douglas' supposed treason he commanded the future
King of Scots Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick,
then governor of Carlisle for the English to take retribution. Bruce swept into
Douglasdale at the king's order. However, young
Bruce, who was twenty-two years old at the time, stated, "I must join my
own people and the nation in which I was born." He then was joined by the
men of Douglas and Lady Douglas, proceeding to join the rebels at Irvine.
"The third time Douglas was held a prisoner of Edward Plantagenet, was
after 9 July 1297 when he was accused by Sir Henry de Percy of breaking his
covenant of peace with Edward that was agreed to in the document known as the Capitulation
at Irving Water, where Douglas was in the company of Robert Brus, Alexander
de Lindsay and John and James (the latter three his brothers in law). By the
time Sir Andrew de Moray and William Wallace won their great victory at
Stirling, Sir William the Hardy was again Edward's prisoner at Berwick Castle;
staying in what was now called 'Douglas Tower.
"Following
Wallace's success at Stirling Bridge the English fled Berwick on Tweed with
Douglas and another Scottish prisoner Thomas de Morham;
both were later committed to the Tower of London on 12 October 1297 with
Douglas meeting his end there in 1298 due to mistreatment. "
See the movie Braveheart with Mel Gibson.
William = son of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111111110111111 William Longleg, Lord of Douglas (1220- c. 1274 md. (2) 0.11011101101111111110111110 Constance Battail of Fawdon
According to Wikipedia: "The years of the minority of King Alexander III (1249–1262) featured an embittered struggle for the control of affairs between two rival parties, the one led by the nationalistic Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith, the other by pro-English Alan Durward, Justiciar of Scotia. The former dominated the early years of Alexander's reign. In 1255 an interview between the English and Scottish kings at Kelso led to Menteith and his party losing to Durward's party. Later both parties called a Meeting of the great Magnates of the Realm to establish a regency until Alexander came of age. William Lord of Douglas was one of the magnates called to witness. Douglas was a partisan of Durward's party. This can be explained by the fact that although most of his territories lay in Douglasdale, through his wife, Constance, he had obtained the rich Manor of Fawdon in Northumberland and it would do well to keep English Royal favour"
William = son of
Generation 27
0.110111011011111111101111111 Archibald I, Lord of Douglas (before 1198 - c. 1238) md. 0.110111011011111111101111110 Margaret, daughter of 0.1101110110111111111011111101 Sir John Crawford of Crawfordjohn
According to Wikipedia: "The earliest attestation of his existence is in a charter of confirmation dated prior to 1198. This charter of Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow, granted the rights of a toft in Glasgow to Melrose Abbey. Archibald's name appears between that of Alan, High Steward of Scotland and Robert de Montgomery. Also before 1198, Archibald appears in another document, again before 1198, in which he resigns the lands of Hailes held by him of the Abbey of Dunfermline, to Robert of Restalrig. Between 1214 and 1226, Archibald acquired the use of the lands of Hermiston and Livingston, with Maol Choluim I, Earl of Fife as his feudal superior.[1] Archibald of Douglas must have been knighted before 1226 as he appears in another charter of Melrose Abbey as 'Dominus de Douglas' witnessing William Purves of Mospennoc granting the Monks of Melrose rights to pass through his lands. Another witness is Andrew, Archibald's knight which highlights his influential position.[2] Archibald de Douglas appears as a signatory to several royal charters following 1226, and he appears to have spent a considerable time in Moray as episcopal charters of his brother Bricius de Douglas show. He was in the retinue of the King Alexander II, at Selkirk, in 1238 when the title Earl of Lennox was regranted to Maol Domhnaich of Lennox. Douglas disappears from historical record after 1239 and it is presumed that he died about this time.
Archibald = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011111111101111111l William of Douglas (d. 1214) lived in Clydesdale, under the King of the Scots md. 0.110111011011111111101111110 Margaret, sister of Freskin of Kerdal, a Flemish laird from Moray
The Gordon Family, Starting from
Generation 21, with 0.1101110110111101100 Lady Elizabeth or Eliza Gordon
0.1101110110111101100 Lady
Elizabeth (Eliza) Gordon md. 0.1101110110111101101
William Keith 2nd Earl Marischal(
Elizabeth = daughter of
Generation 22
0.11011101101111011011 George Gordon, Earl of Huntly (before 1455-1501), Chancellor of Scotland (1498-1501) (son of Alexander Gordon) md. 0.11011101101111011010 Annabella Stewart (1433-1471) Second Stewart Family
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Annabelle md. George Gordon, Earl of Huntly]
George = son of
Generation 23
0.110111011011110110111
Alexander Seton, later Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly,
Lord of Badenoch and Cluny, knighted 1439/40 (d.
1470) md. 0.110111011011110110110 Elizabeth
Crichton, daughter of 0.1101110110111101101101
William Crichton, Chancellor of Scotland after 1439
NB -- change of surname
Generation 24
Alexander = son of
0.1101110110111101101111 Alexander Seton (d. 1440) md. 0.1101110110111101101110 Elizabeth (d. 1439) daughter and heiress of 0.11011101101111011011101 Sir Adam Gordon
The Holland Family, Starting from Generation 21, with 0.11011101101101111000 Margaret Holland
0.11011101101101111000 Margaret Holland (1385-1439) md. 0.11011101101101111001 John Beaufort, first Earl of Someset (1371-1410) Beaufort Family
According to Wikipedia: "Margaret Beaufort (née Holland), Countess of Somerset (1385–30 Dec 1439) was the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who was the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent" (granddaughter of Edward I of England, wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England). Margaret married John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, son of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress Katherine Swynford. They had six children:"
According to Wikipedia: "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373 – March 16, 1410) was the first of the four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and his mistress Katherine Swynford, later his wife. Beaufort was born in about 1371 and his surname probably reflects his father's lordship of Beaufort in Champagne, France. The family emblem was the portcullis which is shown on the reverse of a modern British 1p coin. John of Gaunt had his nephew Richard II of England declare the Beaufort children legitimate in 1390, Gaunt married their mother in January 1396. Despite being the grandchildren of Edward III of England, and next in the line of succession after the Lancasters, their father's legitimate children, by agreement they were barred from the succession to the throne."
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Margaret Holland md. John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorsett, Earl of Somerset, Knight of the Garter]
Margaret = daughter of
Generation 22
0.110111011011011110001 Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350 - April 25, 1397), councillor of his half-brother King Richard II md. 0.110111011011011110000 Alice FitzAlan , daughter of 0.1101110110110111100001 Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and 0.1101110110110111100000 Eleanor of Lancaster
According to Wikipedia: "Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–April 25, 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother Richard II. Thomas was the son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent. His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England. When his father died in 1360 Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right. At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. He fought in various campaigns over the following years, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375. Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381 he was created Earl of Kent. ... Holland married Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, and Eleanor of Lancaster. They had eight children:"
[Cary-Estes p. 85 Thomas Holand md. Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard, Ninth Earl of Arundel]
Thomas = son of
Generation 23
0.1101110110110111100011 Thomas Holland, 1st Earl Earl of Kent (c. 1314 - Dec. 26, 1360) military commander during the Hundred Years' War md. 0.1101110110110111100010 Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent" (1328-1385), granddaughter of Edward I of England Plantagenet Family
According to
Wikipedia: "Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent (c. 1314 – 26 December 1360)
was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War.
He was from a gentry family in Holland, Lancashire. He was a son of Robert
Holland and Maud De La Zouche. In his early military
career, he fought in Flanders. He was engaged, in 1340, in the English
expedition into Flanders and sent, two years later, with Sir John D'Artevelle to Bayonne, to defend the Gascon frontier
against the French. In 1343, he was again on service in France; and, in the
following year, had the honour of being chosen one of
the founders of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. In 1346, he attended King
Edward III into Normandy in the immediate retinue of the Earl of Warwick; and,
at the taking of Caen, the Count of Eu and Guînes,
Constable of France, and the Count De Tancarville
surrendered themselves to him as prisoners. At the Battle of Crécy, he was one of the principal commanders in the van
under the Prince of Wales and he, afterwards, served at the Siege of Calais in
1346-7. Around the same time as, or before, his first expedition, he secretly
married the 12-year-old Joan of Kent, daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl
of Kent and Margaret Wake, granddaughter of Edward I and Marguerite of France.
However, during his absence on foreign service, Joan, under pressure from her
family, contracted another marriage with William Montacute,
2nd Earl of Salisbury (of whose household Holland had been seneschal). This
second marriage was annulled in 1349, when Joan's previous marriage with
Holland was proved to the satisfaction of the papal commissioners. Joan was
ordered by the Pope to return to her husband and live with him as his lawful
wife; this she did, thus producing 4 children by him."
According to Wikipedia: "Joan, Countess of Kent (September 29, 1328 – August 7, 1385), known to history as The Fair Maid of Kent, was the first Princess of Wales. The French chronicler Froissart called her "the most beautiful woman in all the realm of England, and the most loving." The "fair maid of Kent" appellation does not appear to be contemporary.... Joan was daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake. Her paternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France. Her maternal grandparents were John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell and Joan de Fiennes. Her father, Edmund, was a younger half-brother of Edward II of England. Edmund's support of the King placed him in conflict with the Queen, Isabella of France, and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. Edmund was executed after Edward II's deposition, and Joan, her mother and her siblings were placed under house-arrest in Arundel Castle when Joan was only two years old"
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Joan of Kent md. Thomas Holland]
Thomas = son of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111000111 Robert de Holland 1st Baron Holland (c. 1283 - 1328, beheaded for treason) = ancestor of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Louis XVI, and Winston Churchill, knighted 1305 md. about 1308 0.11011101101101111000110 Maud De La Zouche, daughter of 0.110111011011011110001101 Lord Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby md. 0.110111011011011110001100 Eleanor de Segrave
Robert = son of
0.110111011011011110001111
Sir Robert de Holland md. 0.110111011011011110001110
Eizabeth de Salmesbury
The First Drummond Family, Starting from Generation 21, with 0.1101110110111101110 Annabella Drummond (1350-1401)
0.1101110110111101110 Annabella Drummond (1350 Stobhall,
Cargill, Perth, Scotland -1401 Scone Palace, Scotland) md.
1367 0.1101110110111101111 King Robert
III of Scotland (1340-1406) Stewart Family
[Overlapping line. We're also
descended from her brother Sir John Drummond, 12th of Lenox]
Annabella = daughter of
Generation 22
0.11011101101111011101 Sir John Drummond 11th of Lennox (1318-1373) and 0.11011101101111011100 Mary Montifex AKA Mary Montifichet (b. 1325), daughter of 0.110111011011110111001 William de Montifex
John = son of
Generation 23
0.110111011011110111011 Sir Malcolm Drummond 10th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1295 d. 1346) 0.110111011011110111010 Margaret de Graham Second Graham Family
Malcolm = son of
Generation 24
0.1101110110111101110111 Sir Malcolm Drummond 9th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1270 d. 1325) md. 0.1101110110111101110110 Margaret Graham (b. before 1279)
Malcolm = son of
Generation 25
0.11011101101111011101111 Sir John Drummond, 8th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1240 d. 1301) md.0.11011101101111011101110 Elena Stewart
John = son of
Generation 26
0.110111011011110111011111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 7th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1209 d. 1278)
Malcolm = son of
0.1101110110111101110111111 Malcolm Beg Drummond, 6th Thane of Lennox (b. afater 1169 d. 1259) md. 0.1101110110111101110111110 Ada of Lennox
Malcolm = son of
0.11011101101111011101111111 Sir Malcolm Drummond, 5th Thane of Lennox (b. before 1153 d. 1200)
The Family of Holstein-Ploen, Starting from Generation 22, with 0.1101110110111111010110 Agnes Holstein
0.1101110110111111010110 Agnes of Holstein md.
0.1101110110111111010111 Count Christian V of Oldenburg, became count 1398 (b. before 1347 d. 1423)
Agnes = daughter of
Generation
23
0.11011101101111110101101 Gerhard IV, Count of
Holstein-Ploen (c. 1277 - 1323)md. 0.11011101101111110101100
Anastasia of Wittenberg
Gerhard = son of
Generation
24
0.110111011011111101011011 Gerhard II, Count of Holstein-Ploen) (1254 - Oct.
28,1312) md. 0.110111011011111101011010
Ingeborg of
Sweden, Second Family of Sweden
_________________
The Brunswick Family, from Generation 22, starting with 0.1101110110111111010100 Katharina Elisabeth of Brunswick
0.1101110110111111010100 Katharina Elisabeth of Burnswick (1385 - after 1423) md. 0.1101110110111111010101 Count Gerhard VI of Holstein Schauenburg Family
Katharina = daughter of
Generation 23
0.11011101101111110101001 Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg (1324-1373) md. 0.11011101101111110101000 Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg
According to Wikipedia: "Magnus (1324–1373), called Magnus with the Necklace (Latin: Magnus Torquatus) or Magnus II, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruling the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Wolfenbüttel (colloquially also called Brunswick) and, temporarily, Lüneburg. Magnus was the son of Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Wolfenbüttel). In 1362 Magnus and his brother Louis helped their brother Prince-Archbishop Albert II of Bremen to assert himself against the incumbent diocesan administrator Morris of Oldenburg, who claimed the see for himself. Magnus, Louis and the latter's father-in-law William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Celle), and their troops beleaguered Morris in the prince-archiepiscopal castle in Vörde and forced him to sign his resignation.
"After the death of his brother Louis in 1367, Magnus became the designated heir of both ducal principalities, Wolfenbüttel and Celle (colloquially also Lüneburg). When both his father and William II, who ruled over Celle, died in 1369, Magnus gained both ducal principalities. But already in 1370, he lost Celle to the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg (Albert and his uncle Wenceslas, Elector of Saxe-Wittemberg), who had been given the principality by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, who had also banned Magnus. Several cities, including Lüneburg (Lunenburg), Uelzen, and Hanover switched allegiance to the Ascanians; Magnus managed to keep the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick) among his allies only with difficulties. The Lüneburg War of Succession continued for several years after Magnus died in the Battle of Leveste (a part of today's Gehrden), near the Deister, on 25 July 1373."
Magnus = son of
Generation 24
0.110111011011111101010011 Magnus the Pious, Duck of Brunswick-Luneburg (d. 1369) md. 0.110111011011111101010010 Sophie of Brandenburg
According to Wikipedia: "Magnus (died 1369), called the Pious (Latin Pius), was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The son of Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Magnus was still a minor when his father died in 1318; he and his brother Ernest were put under the guardianship of their elder brother Otto, who continued as sole ruler even after his brothers came of age. After marrying Sophie, a niece of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Magnus was appointed margrave of Landsberg and count palatine of Saxony by the Emperor in 1333. Magnus took residence at Sangerhausen. When Otto died in 1344, Magnus and Ernest jointly took over government of the state; but already on 17 April 1345, they agreed to divide the territory. Magnus received the Principality of Wolfenbüttel.
"In 1346, a border war between Wolfenbüttel and the Archbishop of Magdeburg broke out. In exchange for help in this conflict, Magnus sold the Margraviate of Landsberg to Frederick II, Margrave of Meißen. But the Archbishop conquered Schöningen in 1347, and Magnus had to cede Hötensleben and some other possessions to the Archbishop. Financially ruined by the war, Magnus could not stop the cities in the state from acquiring more and more rights; especially the City of Brunswick was becoming more powerful.
"In 1348, the Emperor gave Landsberg and the Palatinate of Saxony to Bernard, Prince of Anhalt. The ensuing conflict over these territories between Magnus and Bernard ended amicably with a marriage between Magnus' son Magnus and Catherine, daughter of Valdemar, Prince of Anhalt.
"Magnus attempted to secure the Principality of Lüneburg for his son Louis, so that it could be reunited with Wolfenbüttel. The prince of Lüneburg, William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a member of the same house to which Magnus belonged, the House of Welf, did not have sons; however, he had already promised the principality to a son of his daughter, a relative of the Duke of Saxony, before he agreed to Magnus' plan. Louis then married William's daughter Matilda. A lengthy conflict broke out that culminated in the Lüneburg Succession War, which was resolved only in 1388.
"In 1367, Magnus joined Dietrich, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Albert, Bishop of Halberstadt, Valdemar, Prince of Anhalt, and others in a campaign against Gerhard of Berg, Bishop of Hildesheim; they were defeated by Hildesheim in a battle near Farmsen and Dinklar on 3 September. Magnus was taken prisoner, and had to buy his freedom. He died in Summer of 1369.
Magnus = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111111010100111 Albert II, "the Fat", Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg (c. 1268- Sept. 22, 1318) md. 0.1101110110111111010100110 Rixa of Mecklengurg-Werle
According to Wikipedia: "Albert (Latin Albertus; c. 1268 – 22 September 1318), called the Fat (pinguis), was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The second son of Albert the Tall, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Albert was a boy when his father died in 1279. He was first under guardianship of his uncle, Conrad, Prince-Bishop of Verden, and then of his elder brother, Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1286 the three brothers divided their father's territory; Albert received the areas around Göttingen, Minden, Northeim, Calenberg, and Hanover. He made Göttingen his residence. In 1292, the third brother, William, died childless, and Albert and Henry quarrelled about William's share, the areas around Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel; Albert finally prevailed."
Albert = son of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111110101001111 Albert the Tall, Duke of Bruswick-Luneberg (1236-1279)
According to Wikipedia: "Albert the Tall (Latin: Albertus Longus, German: Albrecht der Große) (1236–1279), of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 to 1269 and the first ruler of the newly-created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death. Albert I of Brunswick was the second son of Otto the Child, the first Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. When his father died in 1252, he was the oldest surviving son, and took over the rule of the duchy; later his younger brother John joined him. In 1267, the brothers agreed to divide the duchy, which happened in 1269. Albert partitioned the territory while John obtained the right to choose his part. He took the northern half including the region of Lüneburg and the city of Hanover, while Albert received the southern part, including Calenberg, Helmstedt, the Harz mountains and Göttingen. The City of Brunswick was to remain common property of the brothers. Albert died on August 15, 1279 and is buried at Brunswick Cathedral. He was succeeded by his elder three sons, the younger three joined the Church."
Albert = son of
Generation 27
0.110111011011111101010011111 Otto the Child, first Duke of Bruswick-Luneburg (d. 1252)
According to Wikipedia: "Otto I of Brunswick-Lüneburg (about 1204 – 1252) was the first duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1235 until his death. He is called Otto the Child to distinguish him from his uncle, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Otto was born around 1204 as the only son of William of Winchester, the youngest son of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony. He inherited his father's properties in Saxony in 1213. The death of the Prince Palatine, in 1214, may be said to have opened to him a more splendid succession than what belonged to the very circumscribed patrimony of his father; but as his uncle Henry hesitated between a desire to aggrandize his own children (daughters) and a sense of what was due to the male representative of his name and family, Otto reaped little advantage from these enlarged prospects.
"At last, in 1223, Henry executed a deed, by which he appointed his nephew his successor in all that remained of the allodial domains of the duchies of Saxony and Bavaria, and also in the private fiefs which he held as an individual in other parts of the empire. These states, however, constituted so small a portion of the former wealth of his illustrious house, that we should have thought there was scarcely a pretext for either envy or alarm in the breast of his enemy, yet when the Emperor, Frederick II, was made acquainted with the intentions of the Count Palatine, he began to intrigue with his daughters. That he might have a pretense for depriving Otto of the succession at his uncle's death, he purchased from Irmgard, the Margravine of Baden and Agnes, the Duchess of Bavaria their claims as the only issue of the Duke of Saxony; and no sooner was the death of Henry announced, than the King of the Romans was dispatched with an imperial force to take possession of the city and territory of Brunswick. But Otto had been regularly acknowledged by the states as their legitimate sovereign and had been received as such by the city and principality. They therefore joined him heartily in repelling this invasion, and the king and his array were compelled to retire, without being able to effect the object which the emperor had in view.
"To be prepared against any future attempt of the same kind, Otto judged it prudent at this time to enter into a treaty with his maternal uncle King Valdemar II of Denmark, by which they respectively bound themselves to support each other against all enemies whatsoever. This treaty was in the end most injurious to the states of Brunswick. Otto was made count of Garding and Thetesbüll by King Valdemar, and participated in the Battle of Mölln of 1225 and the Battle of Bornhöved of 1227 on the side of Denmark. After the last battle Otto was imprisoned in Rostock, the capital of Schwerin, where he was shut up in a fortress.
"The Emperor no sooner heard of Otto's confinement, than he again prepared to attack Brunswick. His son, the Roman king, was detached with a considerable force to seize upon the city; and that more weight might he given to the expedition, the Duke of Bavaria was prevailed upon to accompany him. But on their approach, they found the gates shut, and the citizens prepared to defend their liberties, while they learnt, at the same time, that the King of Denmark was advancing upon their rear. They were therefore compelled to sound a retreat; and luckily for the captive prince, the emperor had become involved in matters of higher importance, which we shall now briefly notice, and was under the necessity of withdrawing his attention from the conquest of Brunswick.
"It happened fortunately for the Duke of Brunswick, that the Count of Schwerin died in 1228, and that on his death-bed he had directed that he should be set at liberty. The Duke of Saxony, who claimed a joint right in his detention, refused at first to comply with the dying request of his friend, but when allowed to take possession of the Castle of Hardsacre and other states, as a security for the payment of his ransom, he was permitted to leave his prison. Otto reached Brunswick in September 1228, and was received by his vassals with every mark of respect and attachment. He renewed and confirmed the various charters granted by his ancestors to the city, and greatly enlarged its privileges; while his uncle, the King of Denmark, bestowed as a boon upon the citizens the liberty of trading in his dominions, without paying customs or any other dues.
"On his way from Rostock, Otho had spent some days at the court of the Margrave of Brandenburg, where he had seen and admired the Princess Matilda, the daughter of the margrave, and no sooner were his private affairs arranged, than he sent to demand the hand of this princess in marriage. It was an alliance too flattering for the House of Brandenburg to be rejected. Matters were speedily settled, and the marriage ceremony was performed with great splendor at Lüneburg.
"By 1227, his father's two brothers, Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, had died without surviving children, and Otto was the only heir of the properties of his grandfather Henry the Lion. But Otto had to battle for his properties against the ruling Hohenstaufen family and against local nobles; he managed to strengthen his position through his marriage to Matilda.
"It is alleged by some that the Duke of Brunswick was well-inclined to enter into the views of the Pope, but that he found he could neither raise men nor money sufficient to warrant even a probability of success. This we are inclined to doubt, for had Otho been ambitious, he might have obtained the empire without much difficulty; and supported as he was by England and Denmark, it is not likely that he could have been at a loss for an army, or for the means of supporting it.
"As a proof that Otto had the full confidence and support of the King of England, we find that the moment he obtained his liberty, he wrote to communicate the same to Henry III, who was his cousin, and as Henry's answer dated 6 March 1229 has fortunately been preserved by Thomas Rymer, it becomes a valuable part of these annals, as it puts our conjecture beyond a doubt.
"Later Henry send a letter to the Pope, in which he repeats his thanks to Pope Gregory IX for the zealous part he had taken in procuring the freedom of his dear cousin the Duke of Brunswick, and adds, "that as Christian Princes may approach his Holiness with their petitions, he ventures to supplicate a continuance of his especial favor to his said cousin, which by reason of their near connexion in blood he would esteem as much as if shewn to himself." He implores Gregory to promote Otto's honor whenever it is in his power, and to recommend him to the princes of the empire, as often as he had an opportunity, adding, " that he most firmly believed and trusted in the Lord, that among all the princes of the empire he would be found the one most devoted to the interests of the church; and that as he considered his release from prison owing in a great measure to the influence of the Apostolic See, he would consequently be the more obsequious to that power.
"In 1235, Otto achieved an agreement with the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II that ended the dispute between the Hohenstaufen House and the House of Welf, to which Otto belonged. This dispute had culminated when Henry the Lion was stripped of his duchies in 1180 by Frederick's grandfather, Frederick Barbarossa. According to this agreement, Otto transferred all of his private property to the Emperor, who immediately returned it to him as a hereditary imperial fief. In this way, Otto reacquired the status of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire that Henry the Lion had lost. However, the Duchy of Saxony, which Henry had held, had since then passed on to Ascanian dukes, so that the Emperor had to create a new duchy for Otto. This was the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, named after the two central cities around which Otto's former properties were located. Otto could substantially increase his territory by supporting King William, who married his daughter Elizabeth in January of 1252.
"King William had intimated to the princes of Germany his desire to meet them in a general diet at Frankfurt against the Feast of St. John the Baptist, 1252; he was preparing to leave Brunswick with his father-in-law for the purpose of being present at this assembly when Otto was suddenly taken unwell and expired on 9 June. Otto is buried in Brunswick Cathedral. He is the male-line ancestor of all later members of the House of Welf."
Otto = son of
Generation 28
0.1101110110111111010100111111 William of Winchester AKA William Longsword, AKA William of Luneburg (April 11, 1184 - Dec. 13, 1213) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110 Helen daughter of 0.11011101101111110101001111101 King Vlademar I of Denmark Family of Denmark
According to Wikipedia: "William (11 April 1184, Winchester – 13 December 1213), called William of Winchester, William Longsword, or William of Lüneburg, was the youngest son of Duke Henry the Lion. William was born in England during his father's exile; he remained there when Henry returned to Saxony and was raised at Richard Lionheart's court. When Henry died in 1195, William inherited Henry's properties around Lüneburg, near Lauenburg, and in the eastern Harz. In 1202, William married Helen, daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark. Their only child was Otto (1204-1252), who inherited his father's property."
William = son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101111110101001111111 Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria md. 0.11011101101111110101001111110 Matilda Duchess of Saxony First Family of Saxony
Henry = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101010011111111 Henry X, Duke of Bavaria md. 0.110111011011111101010011111110 Gertrude of Supplinburg Family of Supplinburg
Henry = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111111010100111111111 Henry IX,
Duke of Bavaria md. 0.1101110110111111010100111111110
Wulfhild of Saxony
_________________________________________
The Second Graham Family, Starting from Generation 23, with 0.110111011011110111019 Margaret de Graham
0.110111011011110111010
Margaret
de Graham md. 0.110111011011110111011
Sir Malcolm Drummond 10th Thane of Lennox (b. after 1295 d. 1346)
Margaret = daughter of
Generation
24
0.1101110110111101110101 Sir
Patrick de Graham (d. 1296) and 0.110111011011110111010 Annabelle Graham daughter of 0.1101110110111101110101
Robert
Graham, 4th Earl of Strathearn
(d. before 1244)
Patrick = son of
Generation 25
0.11011101101111011101011 David Graham (d. 1237) lived at Kincardine, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland md. 0.11011101101111011101010 Agnes
(?)
David = son of
Generation 26
0.110111011011110111010111 Gilbert Graham, 3rd Earl of Strathearn (b. circa
1150 d. circa 1223) md. 0.110111011011110111010110 Maud d'Aubigny (d. after 1210) D'Aubigny
Family
The Bruce Family, Starting from Generation 23, with 0.1101110110110111101110 Marjorie Bruce
0.1101110110110111101110 Marjorie Bruce (1296-1316) nd. 0.1101110110110111101111 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) Second Stewart Family
According to Wikipedia: "Marjorie Bruce or Margaret de Bruce (December, 1296 – March 2, 1316) was the eldest daughter of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots by his first wife, Isabella of Mar. Her paternal grandparents were Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie of Carrick, 3rd Countess of Carrick. Her mother died giving birth to her. In 1302, her father was remarried to Elizabeth de Burgh. They were crowned King and Queen of Scots at Scone, Perthshire on March 27, 1306. The coronation occurred during the Wars of Scottish Independence in opposition to Edward I of England."
Marjorie =
daughter of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111011101 King Robert I of Scotland AKA Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274-June 7, 1329) reigned 1306-1329 md. 0.11011101101101111011100 Isabella of Mar (c. 1277-1296)
According to Wikipedia: "Robert I, King of Scots (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329) usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; ) was King of the Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Although his paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage (originating in Brieux, Normandy)[1], his maternal ancestors were Scottish-Gaels. He became one of Scotland's greatest kings, as well as one of the most famous warriors of his generation, eventually leading Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence against the Kingdom of England. He claimed the Scottish throne as a fourth great-grandson of David I of Scotland."
Robert = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110111011 Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Earl of Carrick (July 1243 - March 1304) participated in the Ninth Crusade md. 0.110111011011011110111010 Marjorie, Countess of Carrick
According to Wikipedia: "Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and jure uxoris Earl of Carrick[1] (July 1243 - March 1304 [2]), was a feudal lord in both Scotland and England prior to and during the Second Barons' War, Welsh Wars, and First War of Scottish Independence. He was the son and heir of Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale and Isobel de Calre, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and Hertford."
Robert = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111101110111 Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale (c. 1215-1295) md. 0.1101110110110111101110110 Isobel de Calre, daughter of 0.11011101101101111011101101 the Earl of Gloucester and Hertford
According to Wikipedia: "Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (Robert de Brus) (c1215 – 31 March 1295[1])), 5th Lord of Annandale, was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a leading Competitor to be King of Scotland in 1290-92 in the Great Cause. Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester. David in turn was the son of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland and Ada de Warenne; Henry's parents were King David I of Scotland and Maud of Northumberland."
Robert = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111011101111 Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale (d. between 1226 and 1233) md. 0.11011101101101111011101110 Isabella or Isobel of Huntingdon (1199-1251) Huntingdon Family
According to
Wikipedia: "Robert IV de Brus(? 1226 x 1233) was
a 13th century Lord of Annandale.He was the son of
William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale and Christina or Beatrice de Teyden. Robert IV married Isabella, the second daughter of
David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, by which marriage he acquired the
manors of Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak, Essex in
England. They had his heir and successor: Robert V de Brus.
He died sometime between 1226 and 1233, and was buried
in Guisborough Priory."
Robert = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110111011111 Willam de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale (d. 1212) md. 0.110111011011011110111011110 Christina or Beatrice de Teyden
According to
Wikipedia: "William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale (d. July 16, 1212) was
the second but eldest surviving son of Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale.
His elder brother, Robert III de Brus, predeceased their father and never held
the lordship of Annandale. William de Brus thus succeeded his father when the
latter died in 1194.
William de Brus possessed large estates in the north of England. He obtained
from King John, the grant of a weekly market at Hartlepool,
and granted lands to the canons of Gisburn.[1] Very little else is known about
William's activities. He makes a few appearances in the English government
records and witnessed a charter of King William of Scotland. He married a woman
called Christina, and had by her at least two sons,
Robert (his successor), William."
William = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111101110111111 Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale (d. 1194) md. 0.1101110110110111101110111110 Euphemia, daughter of 0.11011101101101111011101111101 William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albermarle
According to Wikipedia: "Robert II de Brus, The Cadet, (died 1194) was a 12th century Norman noble and Lord of Annandale. He was the son, perhaps the second son,[1] of Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale. The elder de Brus' allegiances were compromised when David invaded England in the later 1130s, and he had renounced his fealty to David before the Battle of the Standard in 1138. The younger Robert however remained loyal and took over his father's land in Scotland, whilst the English territories remained with the elder Robert and passed to the latter's elder son Adam. Bruce family tradition has it that Robert II was captured by his father at the battle and given over to King Stephen of England. A legend tells that in the 1140s, Robert II was visited at Annan by St Malachy. St Malachy asked Robert to pardon a thief, but Robert hung him anyway, and for this the River Annan destroyed part of his castle and the de Brus line received a curse from the holy man. Robert made Lochmaben the centre of his lordship and constructed a new caput there. Robert was buried at Guisborough Priory in North Riding, Yorkshire, a monastery founded by his father Robert I de Brus. As his eldest son, Robert, predeceased him, he was succeeded by his second son William. He married Euphemia, a daughter of William le Gros, 1st Earl of Albemarle, and had four known children,"
Robert = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111011101111111 Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale (d. 1142)
According to Wikipedia: "Robert I de Brus (died 1142) was an early 12th century Norman baron and knight, the first of the Bruce dynasty of Scotland. A monastic patron, he is remembered as the founder of Gisborough Priory in Yorkshire in 1119. Nothing is known of Robert's father, except that he was a landowner in Normandy. Modern historians contend that Robert may have come from Brix, Manche, near Cherbourg in the Cotentin Peninsula, and came to Britain after King Henry I of England's conquest of Normandy (i.e: at the same time as Alan fitzFlaad, ancestor of the Stewart Royal Family). David fitz Malcolm (after 1124 King David I of Scotland), was present in France with King Henry and was granted much of the Cotentin Peninsula. It is suggested that Robert de Brus's presences and absences at Henry's court seem to coincide with David's. Whatever his immediate ancestry, what is known beyond doubt is that he went to Scotland, where the new King, David, made Robert Lord of Annandale in 1124,[2]. although there is scant evidence that this Robert took up residence on his Scottish estates."
The Plantagenet Family, Starting from Generation 23, with 0.1101110110110111100010 Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent"
0.1101110110110111100010 Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent", (1328-1385) granddaughter of Edward I of
England, wife of Edward the Black Prince and
mother of Richard II of England md. 0.1101110110110111100011 Thomas Holland, 1st Earl Earl of Kent (c. 1314
- Dec. 26, 1360) military commander during the Hundred Years' War .
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Joan of Kent md. Thomas Holand]
Joan = daughter of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111000111 Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (Plantagenet) (Aug. 5, 1301 - March 19, 1330 executed for treason) md. 0.11011101101101111000110 Margaret Wake, (c. 1297 - Sept. 29, 1349) 3rd Baroness Wake, descendant of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd Wake Family
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Edward of Woodstock md. Margaret Wake (d. 1330)]
Edmund = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110001111 King Edward I of England "Longshanks" (June 14, 1229 - July 7, 1307) reigned 1272-1307) md.1299 0.1101110110110111100110 Margaret of France (1282 - Feb. 14, 1317), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101 King Philip III of France md. 0.11011101101101111001100 Maria of Brabant Capet Family
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Margaret md. Edward I King of England]
Edward = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111100011111 Henry III, King of England (Plantagenet) (1207-1272) reigned
1216-1272) md. 0.1101110110110111100011110 Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223-1291) daughter of 0.11011101101101111000111101 Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (1198-1245) and 0.11011101101101111000111100 Beatrice of Savoy (1206-1266)) Family of Provence
Henry = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111000111111 John I, "Lackland," King of England (Plantagenet) [Magna Carta] (1166-1216) reigned 1199-1216) md. 0.11011101101101111000111110 Isabella of Angoulême (1187-1246) daughter of 0.110111011011011110001111101 Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme
According to Wikipedia: "Contemporary historian Ralph of Diceto traced his family's lineage through Matilda of Scotland to the Anglo-Saxon kings of England and Alfred the Great, and from there legend linked them to Noah and Woden. According to Angevin family tradition, there was even 'infernal blood' in their ancestry, with a claimed descent from the fairy, or female demon, Melusine."
John = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110001111111 Henry II, King of England (Plantagenet) (1133-1189) reigned 1154-1189) md. 0.110111011011011110001111110 Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011111101 William X, Duke of Aquitaine and 0.1101110110110111100011111100 Aenor de Châtellerault
Henry = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100011111111 Geoffrey V Count of Anjou and Maine by inheritance, and Duke of Normandy by conquest 1144 the Handsome (Plantagenet) (Aug. 24, 1113 - Sept. 7 1151) md. 0.1101110110110111100011111110 Empress Matilda (1102-1110), briefly (contested) the first female ruler of England in 1141 (widow of Henry V Holy Roman Emperor) Family of Normandy
Geoffrey = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111000111111111 Fulk V of Anjou AKA Fulk the Younger, (1089/1092 - Nov. 13, 1143) Count of Anjou 1109-1129 and King of Jerusalem 1131-1143 went on Crusade in 1120 and became a close friend of the Knights Templar md. (1) Eremburga of La Fleche, daughter of Elias I of Maine md. (2) 0.11011101101101111000111111110 Matilda, daughter of 0.110111011011011110001111111101 Gervais, Lord of Chateau-du-Loir
Fulk = son of
0.110111011011011110001111111111 Fulk IV AKA le Réchin (1043-1109) Count of Anjou 1068-1109 md. 0.1101110110110111100011111111110 Bertrade de Monfort, who later deserted her husband and bigamously married King Philip I, she was the daughter of 0.11011101101101111000111111111101 Simon of Monfort
Fulk = son of
0.1101110110110111100011111111111 Geoffrey
Count of Gatinais (AKA Aubri) md. 0.1101110110110111100011111111110 Ermengarde of Anjou, daughter of 0.11011101101101111000111111111101 Fulk the Black, Count of Anjou
The Hainault Family, Starting from
Generation 23, with 0.1101110110110111100110 Philippa of Hainaut
0.1101110110110111100110 Philippa of Hainaut (1314-1369)
md. 0.1101110110110111100111 King Edward III of England (Nov. 13, 1312 - June 21, 1377) reigned
1327-1377 Plantagenet Family
Philippa = daughter of
Generation 24
0.11011101101101111001101 William I Count of Hainault (1286-1337) md. 1305 0.11011101101101111001100 Jeanne of Valois (1292-1342) Valois Family
William = son of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110011011 John II of Avesnes, Count of Holland (1247 - Aug. 22, 1304) md. 0.110111011011011110011010 Philippa of Luxembourg (1252-1311)
John = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111100110111 John I of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut (May 1, 1218 - Dec. 24, 1257) md. 0.1101110110110111100110110 Adelaide of Holland AKA Aleide (Aleidis) van Holland (c. 1230 - April 9, 1284)
John = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111001101111
Bouchard IV of Avesnes md. 0.11011101101101111001101110
Margaret II Countess of Flanders and Countess of Hainault (1202-1280) Family of Baldwin of
Constantinople
Bouchard = son of
0.110111011011011110011011111 James of Avesnes (1152 - Sept. 7, 1191) lord
of Avesnes, Conde and Leuze;
participated in the Third Crusade as leader of a detachment of French,
Flemish, and Frisian soldiers which arrived in the Holy Land in 1189; died
there at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191 md. 0.1101110110110111100110111110
Adela of Guise (d. 1185), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101111101
Bernard of Guise
James = son of
0.1101110110110111100110111111 Nicholas d'Oisy, lord of Avesnes
md. 0.11011101101101111001101111110 Matilda
de la Roche
The
Valois Family, Starting from Generation 24, with 0.11011101101101111001100
Jeanne of Valois
0.11011101101101111001100 Jeanne
of Valois (1292-1342) md.
1305 0.11011101101101111001101 William I Count of Hainault
(1286-1337) Hainault Family
Jeanne = daughter of
Generation 25
0.110111011011011110011001 Charles of Valois (1270-1325) md. 0.110111011011011110011000 Marguerite of Anjou and Maine (1273-1299)
their son became Philip VI King of France
their nephews became Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV, kings of France
Charles = son of
Generation 26
0.110111011011011110011001
King Philip
III "the Bold" of France (Capet)
(1245-1285), reigned 1270-1285 md. 0.110111011011011110011000 Isabella of Aragon (1247-1271) Family of Aragon
Philip appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, According to Wikipedia "In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as 'the small-nosed' and 'the father of the Pest of France.'"
Philip = son of
Generation 27
0.1101110110110111100110011 King Louis IX of France (Capet) "Saint Louis" of the Crusades (1214-1270), reigned 1226-1270 md. 1234 0.1101110110110111100110010 Marguerite of Provence (1221-1295) (sister of Eleanor, wife of Henry III King of England)
Louis = son of
Generation 28
0.11011101101101111001100111 King Louis VIII of France (Capet) (1187-1226) reigned 1223-1226) md. 0.11011101101101111001100110 Blanche of Castile (1188-1252) Family of Castile
Louis = son of
Generation 29
0.110111011011011110011001111 King Philip II Augustus of France (Capet) (1165-1223) reigned 1180-1223) md. 0.110111011011011110011001110 Isabelle of Hainaut (1170-1190)
Philip = son of
Generation 30
0.1101110110110111100110011111 King Louis VII King of France AKA "the Younger" (Capet) (1120-1180) md. 0.1101110110110111100110011110 Adela of Champagne (1140-1206) daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100111101 Theobald II of Champagne and 0.11011101101101111001100111100 Matilda of Carinthnia (= third wife)
Louis = son of
Generation 31
0.11011101101101111001100111111 King Louis VI of France (Capet) (1081-1127) md. 1115 0.11011101101101111001100111110 Adelaide of Savoy AKA Adelaide of Maurienne (1092-1154) daughter of 0.110111011011011110011001111101 Humbert II of Savoy and 0.110111011011011110011001111100 Gisela of Burgundy
Louis = son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011011110011001111111 King Philip I of France (Capet) (1053-1108) reigned 1060-1108) md. 0.110111011011011110011001111110 Bertha of Holland (1055-1094), daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110011111101 Floris I, Count of Holland, by his wife 0.1101110110110111100110011111100 Gertrude of Saxony, the daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100111111001 Bernard II, Duke of Saxony, Family of Antioch
Philip = son of
Generation 33
0.1110110110111100110011111111 King Henry I of France (Capet) (1008-1060) reigned 1031-1060) md. 0.1101110110110111100110011111110 Anne of Kiev AKA Anna Yaroslavna (between 1024 and 1032 – 1075) daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100111111101 Yaroslav I King of Kiev and his wife 0.11011101101101111001100111111100 Ingegerd Olofsdotter Family of Kiev
Henry = son of
Generation 34
0.11101101101111001100111111111 King Robert II of France (Capet) (972–1031) (Capet) reigned 996-1031 md. 0.11101101101111001100111111110
Constance of Arles (973–1032) daughter of 0.111011011011110011001111111101
William I, count of Provence
Robert = son of
Generation 35
0.111011011011110011001111111111 King Hugh Capet of France (940-996) reigned 987-996 md. 0.111011011011110011001111111110 Adele AKA Adelaide of Aquitaine AKA Adelaide of Poitiers (c. 945 or 952 – 1004) daughter of 0.1110110110111100110011111111101 William III of Aquitaine md. 935 0.1110110110111100110011111111100 Adele of Normandy b. 912
Hugh = son of
Generation 36
0.1110110110111100110011111111111 Hugh the Great, Duke of France (d. 956) md. 0.1110110110111100110011111111110 Hedwige of Saxony (c. 910 - 965) daughter of 11101101101111001100111111111101 Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony md. 11101101101111001100111111111100 Matilda of Ringelheim AKA Saint Matilda or Saint Mathilda
In the Divine Comedy Dante meets the soul of Duke Hugh in Purgatory, lamenting the avarice of his descendants.
Hugh = son of
Generation 37
0.11101101101111001100111111111111 Robert I (after September 866 – June 15, 923), king of West Francia (922 – 923) md. 895 (= second wife) 0.11101101101111001100111111111110 Béatrice of Vermandois (c. 880 – after March 26, 931) daughter of 0.111011011011110011001111111111101 Herbert I of Vermandois (c. 848/850 – 907)) Family of Vermandois
Robert = son of
Generation 38
0.111011011011110011001111111111111 Robert IV "the Strong" AKA Rupert d. 866, Margrave in Neustria (now central France) md. 0.111011011011110011001111111111110 Adelaide or Adalais daughter of 0.1110110110111100110011111111111101 Hugh or Hugo, Count of Tours and Sens (780-837) during the reign of Charlemagne; he was probably a son of Count Haicho of the House of the Etichonen.
Robert = son of
Generation 39
0.1110110110111100110011111111111111 Robert III (died 822), Count of Worms and Rheingau
Robert = son of
Generation 40
0.11101101101111001100111111111111111 Robert, Rodbert or Chrodobert, a Frank and duke of Hesbaye.
The Hohenzollern Family, Starting from Generation 24, with Dorothea of Brandenburg
0.11011101101111110100 Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430/1431-1495), AKA Dorothea of Hohensollern and Dorothy Achilles. md. 0.11011101101111110101 King Christian I (1426-1481) King of Denmark 1448-1481, Norway 1450-1481 and Sweden 1457-1464, also Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst Oldenburg Family
Dorothea = daughter of
Generation 25
0.110111011011111101001 John Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, nicknamed The Alchemist (1406-1464) md. 0.110111011011111101000 Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg (1405-1465), daughter of 0.1101110110111111010001 Rudolf III Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
John = son of
Generation 26
0.1101110110111111010011 Frederick I Margrave of Brandenburg and Burgrave of Nuremberg (1371-1440) md. 0.1101110110111111010010 Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut (1383-1442) Family of Bavaria-Landshut
Frederick = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101111110100111 Burgrave Frederick V of Nuremberg (b. before 1333 d. Jan. 1398) md. 0.11011101101111110100110 Elisabeth of Meissen (1329-1375)
Frederick = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011111101001111 John II Burgrave of Nuremberg (c. 1309-1357) md. 0.110111011011111101001110 Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen
Frederick = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110111111010011111 Frederick IV Brugrave of Nuremberg (1287-1332) md. 0.1101110110111111010011110 Margarete of Gorz
Frederick = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101111110100111111 Frederick III Brugrave of Nuremberg (c. 1220-1297) md. 0.11011101101111110100111110 Helene of Saxony, daugther of 0.110111011011111101001111101 Albert II Duke of Saxony and 0.110111011011111101001111100 Helene of Braunschweig
Frederick = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011111101001111111 Conrad I Burgrave of Nuremberg and Count of Zollern of the House of Hohenzollern (c. 1186-1261) md. 0.110111011011111101001111110 Adelheid of Frontenhausen
Conrad = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110111111010011111111 Frederick I of Nuremberg Burgrave of Nuremberg and Count of Zollern (b. before 1139 d. after 1200) md. 0.1101110110111111010011111110 Sofie of Raabs
Frederick = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101111110100111111111 Count Frederick II of Zollern
____________
Second Family of Sweden, Starting from Generation 24, 0.110111011011111101011010 Ingeborg of Sweden
0.110111011011111101011010
Ingeborg of Sweden (1263-1292) md. 0.110111011011111101011011 Gerhard II, Count of Holstein-Ploen (1254 -
Oct. 28, 1312)
Ingeborg = daughter of
Generation 25
0.1101110110111111010110101 Valdemar I, King of Sweden (1239 - 1302) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100 Sophia of Denmark, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101101001
Eric IV, King of Denmark Second Family of Denmark
Valdemar = son of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111110101101011
Birger Magnusson AKA Birger Jarl, founder
of Stockholm (1210 - 1266) md. 0.11011101101111110101101010 Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden, daughter of 0.110111011011111101011010111 King Eric X of Sweden md. 0.110111011011111101011010110
Ricvheza of Denmark
According to Wikipedia "was a Swedish statesman, Jarl of Sweden and a member of the House of Bjelbo, who played a pivotal role in the consolidation of Sweden. Birger also led the Second Swedish Crusade, which established Swedish rule in Finland. Additionally, he is traditionally attributed to have founded the Swedish capital, Stockholm around 1250.
Birger = son of
0.110111011011111101011010110 Lady Ingrid Ylva, "The White Witch" (1180 - 1250) md. 0.110111011011111101011010111 Magnus Minneskold (d. 1210)
Lady Ingrid Ylva, a Swedish noblewoman
was renowned as a "white witch" -- a master of magic used for good --
and for her ability to foretell the future. During insecure times (which were
common around 1200), she lived in a church tower on her estates in Bjalbo.
Legend has it that when Bjalbo was attacked by enemies of the family, she rushed to the top of the church tower, ripped open a pillow full of feathers, and turned those feathers into knights in amor, who fought off the invaders.
_____________________________________________
The Wake Family, Starting from Generation 24, from 0.11011101101101111000110 Margaret Wake
0.11011101101101111000110 Margaret Wake, (c. 1297 - Sept. 29, 1349) 3rd Baroness
Wake, descendant of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of
Gwynedd md.
0.11011101101101111000111 Edmund of
Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (Plantagenet) (Aug. 5, 1301 - March 19, 1330 executed
for treason) Plantagenet Family
According to
Wikipedia: "Margaret Wake (c. 1297 – 29 September 1349) was the wife of
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. She was the daughter of John Wake, 1st
Baron Wake of Liddell, and was descended directly from Llywelyn
the Great, Prince of Gwynedd. Her mother was Joan de Fiennes, making her a
cousin of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. Margaret married John Comyn (c. 1294-1314) around 1312, son of the John Comyn who was murdered by Robert the Bruce in 1306. Her
husband John died at the Battle of Bannockburn, and their only child, Aymer Comyn (1314-1316) died as a
toddler. She married for a second time, to Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of
Kent. They received a dispensation in October 1325, and the wedding probably
took place at Christmas.
Through her marriage
to Edmund (who was executed for treason in 1330), she was the mother of two
short-lived Earls of Kent, of Margaret and Joan of Kent (wife of Edward, the
Black Prince). The pregnant Margaret and her children were confined to
Salisbury Castle, and her brother Thomas Wake was accused of treason but later
pardoned. When King Edward III of England reached his majority and overthrew
the regents, he took in Margaret and her children and treated them as his own
family. She succeeded briefly as Baroness Wake of Liddell in 1349,
but died during an outbreak of the plague that autumn."
Margaret = daughter of
Generation 24
0.110111011011011110001101 John
Wake, First Baron Wake of Liddell (d. 1300) md.
0.110111011011011110001100 Joan de Fiennes
According
to ThePeerage, "John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of
Liddell was the son of Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne
and Hawise de Quincy. He married Joan de Fenes, daughter of William de Fiennes, Baron of Tingry and Blanche de Brienne, Dame de La Loupelande, before 24 August 1291. He died circa 10 March
1300. John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell gained the title of 1st Baron
Wake of Liddell.1"
According to ThePeerage,
"Joan de Fenes is the daughter of William de
Fiennes, Baron of Tingry and Blanche de Brienne, Dame
de La Loupelande.1 She married John Wake, 1st Baron
Wake of Liddell, son of Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne
and Hawise de Quincy, before 24 August 1291. She died
before 26 October 1309. Joan de Fenes was also
known as Joan de Fiennes. From before 24 August 1291, her married name became
Wake."
John = son of
Generation 25
0.1101110110110111100011011 Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne (d.
1281-1282) md. 0.1101110110110111100011010 Hawise de Quincy
According
to ThePeerage, "Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne was born between 1238 and 1258. He married,
secondly, Hawise de Quincy, daughter of Robert de
Quincy, Lord of Ware and Helen ap Llywelyn, circa
1268. He died between 4 February 1281 and 1282. Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne gained the title of Lord of Bourne."
According to ThePeerage,
"Hawise de Quincy was born circa 1250.1 She was
the daughter of Robert de Quincy, Lord of Ware and Helen ap Llywelyn.1
She married Baldwin Wake, Lord of Bourne circa 1268.
She died circa 1295.1 She was also reported to have died before 27 March
1285. Her married name became Wake."
Hawise de Quincy = daughter of
Generation 26
0.11011101101101111000110111 Robert de Quincy, Lord of Ware md.
0.11011101101101111000110110 Helen ap Llywelyn AKA Helen
of North Wales (b. c. 1207 d. 1253)
According
to ThePeerage, " Robert de Quincy, Lord of Ware
was the son of Saher de Quency,
1st Earl of Winchester.1 He married Helen ap Llywelyn, daughter of Llywelyn ap
Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales and Joan (?), before
5 December 1237.2 He died in August 1257, without male issue.1
Robert de Quincy, Lord of Ware gained the title of Lord of Ware."
According to ThePeerage,
"Helen ap Llywelyn was born circa 1207.2 She was
the daughter of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth,
Prince of North Wales and Joan (?).1 She married, firstly, John the Scot, 10th
Earl of Huntingdon, son of David of Scotland, 9th Earl of Huntingdon and
Matilda of Chester, in 1222.1,3 She married, secondly, Robert de Quincy, Lord
of Ware, son of Saher de Quency,
1st Earl of Winchester, before 5 December 1237.1 She died between 1 January
1253 and 24 October 1253.3,4 An inquest post mortem was held for her on 10
November 1253.4 Helen ap Llywelyn was also
known as Helen of North Wales.5"
Helen = daughter of
Generation 27
0.110111011011011110001101111 Llywelyn ap
Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales AKA Llywelyn the Great (c. 1173 - April 1240) reigned
1218-1240 md. 0.110111011011011110001101110 Joan, Lady of Wales, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011011101 King
John of England Plantagenet
Family
According to Wikipedia: "Llywelyn the Great (full name Llywelyn
ab Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a Prince
of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He
is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales.[1] By a
combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called
'the Great'.
Llywelyn's main home and court throughout his reign was
at Garth Celyn on the north coast of Gwynedd, between
Bangor and Conwy, overlooking the port of Llanfaes;
he also had a hunting lodge in the uplands at Trefriw.[2]
Throughout the thirteenth century, up to the Edwardian conquest, Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn, was in
effect the capital of Wales. (Garth Celyn is now
known as Pen y Bryn, Bryn Llywelyn, Abergwyngregyn and parts of the medieval buildings still remain).[3]
During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles,
who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and
began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same
year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good
for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan, in 1205, and
when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the
opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210
relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn
was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the
following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with
the barons who forced John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the
dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi
that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
Following King John's
death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester
with his successor Henry III in 1218. During the next fifteen years Llywelyn was frequently involved in fighting with Marcher
lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several of the
major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career as the agreed truce of two years
was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his
position in Wales until his death in 1240, and was
succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who
had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn
was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr
and therefore a member of the princely house of Gwynedd. [4] He was probably
born at Dolwyddelan though not in the present Dolwyddelan castle, which was built by Llywelyn
himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll
on the valley floor.[5] Little is known about his father, Iorwerth
Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn
was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having
taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons
following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a
tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from
power.[6]
By 1175 Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab
Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second
marriage to Cristin ferch Goronwy.
This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's
first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited
marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis
refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn
as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd.[7] Following Iorwerth's
death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the
church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.[8]
Llywelyn's mother was Marared,
sometimes anglicised to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband Iorwerth's death, Marared married
in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle. She seems to have pre-deceased
her husband, after bearing him a son, David ap Gwion,
and therefore there can be no truth in the story that she later married into
the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury,
Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle.[9]
[edit] Rise to power 1188–1199
The arms of the royal house of Gwynedd were traditionally first used by Llywelyn's father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn
In his account of his journey around Wales in 1188 Giraldus Cambrensis mentions that
the young Llywelyn was already in arms against his
uncles Dafydd and Rhodri;
"Owen, son of Gruffyth,
prince of North Wales, had many sons, but only one legitimate, namely, Jorwerth Drwyndwn, which in Welsh
means flat-nosed, who had a son named Lhewelyn. This
young man, being only twelve years of age, began, during the period of our
journey, to molest his uncles David and Roderic, the sons of Owen by
Christiana, his cousin-german; and although they had divided amongst themselves
all North Wales, except the land of Conan, and although David, having married
the sister of king Henry II, by whom he had one son, was powerfully supported
by the English, yet within a few years the legitimate son, destitute of lands
or money (by the aid of divine vengeance), bravely expelled from North Wales
those who were born in public incest, though supported by their own wealth and
by that of others, leaving them nothing but what the liberality of his own mind
and the counsel of good men from pity suggested: a proof that adulterous and
incestuous persons are displeasing to God." [10]
In 1194, with the aid of his cousins Gruffudd
ap Cynan and Maredudd ap Cynan, he defeated Dafydd at the
battle of Aberconwy at the mouth of the River Conwy. Rhodri died in 1195, and his lands west of the
Conwy were taken over by Gruffudd and Maredudd while Llywelyn ruled the
territories taken from Dafydd east of the Conwy.[12]
In 1197 Llywelyn captured Dafydd
and imprisoned him. A year later Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury,
persuaded Llywelyn to release him, and Dafydd retired to England where he died in May 1203.
Wales was divided into Pura Wallia, the areas ruled by the
Welsh princes, and Marchia Wallia, ruled by the
Anglo-Norman barons. Since the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, Rhys ap Gruffydd had made the southern kingdom of Deheubarth the strongest of the Welsh kingdoms,
and had established himself as the leader of Pura Wallia. After Rhys
died in 1197, fighting between his sons led to the splitting of Deheubarth between warring factions. Gwenwynwyn
ab Owain, prince of Powys Wenwynwyn,
tried to take over as leader of the Welsh princes, and in 1198 raised a great
army to besiege Painscastle, which was held by the
troops of William de Braose, Lord of Bramber. Llywelyn sent troops to help Gwenwynwyn,
but in August Gwenwynwyn's force was attacked by an
army led by the Justiciar, Geoffrey Fitz Peter, and heavily defeated.[13] Gwenwynwyn's defeat gave Llywelyn
the opportunity to establish himself as the leader of the Welsh. In 1199 he
captured the important castle of Mold and was apparently using the title
"prince of the whole of North Wales" (Latin: tocius
norwallie princeps). Llywelyn
was probably not in fact master of all Gwynedd at this time since it was his
cousin Gruffudd ap Cynan
who promised homage to King John for Gwynedd in 1199.[15]
[edit] Early reign
[edit] Consolidation 1200–1209
By 1200 Llywelyn was the
undisputed ruler of Gwynedd. In 1201 he took Eifionydd
and Ll?n from Maredudd ap Cynan on a charge of
treachery.[15] In July the same year Llywelyn
concluded a treaty with King John of England. This is the earliest surviving
written agreement between an English king and a Welsh ruler, and under its
terms Llywelyn was to swear fealty and do homage to
the king. In return, it confirmed Llywelyn's
possession of his conquests and allowed cases relating to lands claimed by Llywelyn to be heard under Welsh law.[16]
Llywelyn made his first move beyond the borders of
Gwynedd in August 1202 when he raised a force to attack Gwenwynwyn
ab Owain of Powys, who was now his main rival in
Wales. The clergy intervened to make peace between Llywelyn
and Gwenwynwyn and the invasion was called off. Elise
ap Madog, lord of Penllyn, had refused to respond to Llywelyn's summons to arms and was stripped of almost all
his lands by Llywelyn as punishment.
Llywelyn consolidated his position in 1205 by marrying Joan, the natural
daughter of King John. He had previously been negotiating with Pope Innocent
III for leave to marry his uncle Rhodri's widow, daughter of Ragnald, King of Mann and the Isles. However
this proposal was dropped.[18]
In 1208 Gwenwynwyn of Powys fell out with King John who summoned him to
Shrewsbury in October and then arrested him and stripped him of his lands. Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys and northern Ceredigion and rebuild Aberystwyth
castle.[19] In the summer of 1209 he accompanied John on a campaign against
King William I of Scotland.[20]
[edit] Setback and recovery 1210–1217
In 1210 relations between Llywelyn
and King John deteriorated. J.E. Lloyd suggests that
the rupture may have been due to Llywelyn forming an
alliance with William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber,
who had fallen out with the king and had been deprived of his lands.[21] While
John led a campaign against de Braose and his allies
in Ireland, an army led by Earl Ranulph of Chester
and Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, invaded Gwynedd. Llywelyn destroyed his own castle at Deganwy
and retreated west of the River Conwy. The Earl of
Chester rebuilt Deganwy, and Llywelyn
retaliated by ravaging the earl's lands.[22] John sent troops to help restore Gwenwynwyn to the rule of southern Powys.
In 1211 John invaded Gwynedd with the aid of almost all the other Welsh princes,
planning according to Brut y Tywysogion "to
dispossess Llywelyn and destroy him
utterly".[23] The first invasion was forced to retreat, but in August that
year John invaded again with a larger army, crossed the River
Conwy and penetrated Snowdonia.[24] Bangor was burnt
by a detachment of the royal army and the Bishop of Bangor captured. Llywelyn was forced to come to terms, and by the advice of
his council sent his wife Joan to negotiate with the king, her father.[25] Joan
was able to persuade her father not to dispossess her husband completely, but Llywelyn lost all his lands east of the River
Conwy. He also had to pay a large tribute in cattle and horses and to hand over
hostages, including his illegitimate son Gruffydd,
and was forced to agree that if he died without a legitimate heir by Joan all
his lands would revert to the king.[26]
Statue of Llywelyn the Great, Conwy
This was the low point of Llywelyn's
reign, but he quickly recovered his position. The other Welsh princes, who had
supported King John against Llywelyn, soon became
disillusioned with John's rule and changed sides. Llywelyn
formed an alliance with Gwenwynwyn of Powys and the two main rulers of Deheubarth,
Maelgwn ap Rhys and Rhys Gryg,
and rose against John. They had the support of Pope Innocent III, who had been
engaged in a dispute with John for several years and had placed his kingdom
under an interdict. Innocent released Llywelyn, Gwenwynwyn and Maelgwn from all
oaths of loyalty to John and lifted the interdict in the territories which they
controlled. Llywelyn was able to recover all Gwynedd
apart from the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan within two months in 1212.[27]
John planned another invasion of Gwynedd in August 1212.
According to one account, he had just commenced by hanging some of the Welsh
hostages given the previous year when he received two letters. One was from his
daughter Joan, Llywelyn's wife, the other from
William I of Scotland, and both warned him in similar terms that if he invaded
Wales his magnates would seize the opportunity to kill him or hand him over to
his enemies.[28] The invasion was abandoned, and in 1213 Llywelyn
took the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan.[29]
Llywelyn made an alliance with Philip II Augustus of
France,[30] then allied himself with the barons who were in rebellion against
John, marching on Shrewsbury and capturing it without resistance in 1215.[31]
When John was forced to sign Magna Carta, Llywelyn
was rewarded with several favourable provisions
relating to Wales, including the release of his son Gruffydd
who had been a hostage since 1211.[32] The same year Ednyfed
Fychan was appointed sensechal
of Gwynedd and was to work closely with Llywelyn for
the remainder of his reign.
Wales c. 1217. Yellow: areas directly ruled by Llywelyn;
Grey: areas ruled by Llywelyn's client princes;
Green: Anglo-Norman lordships.
Llywelyn had now established himself as the leader of the independent princes of
Wales, and in December 1215 led an army which included all the lesser princes
to capture the castles of Carmarthen, Kidwelly, Llanstephan, Cardigan and Cilgerran. Another indication of
his growing power was that he was able to insist on the consecration of
Welshmen to two vacant sees that year, Iorwerth as
Bishop of St. David's and Cadwgan
as Bishop of Bangor.[33]
In 1216, Llywelyn held a council
at Aberdyfi to adjudicate on the territorial claims
of the lesser princes, who affirmed their homage and allegiance to Llywelyn. Beverley Smith comments, "Henceforth, the
leader would be lord, and the allies would be subjects".[34] Gwenwynwyn of Powys changed sides
again that year and allied himself with King John. Llywelyn
called up the other princes for a campaign against him and drove him out of
southern Powys once more. Gwenwynwyn
died in England later that year, leaving an underage heir. King John also died
that year, and he also left an underage heir in King Henry III with a minority
government set up in England.[35]
In 1217 Reginald de Braose
of Brecon and Abergavenny, who had been allied to Llywelyn and had married his daughter Gwladus
Ddu, was induced by the English crown to change
sides. Llywelyn responded by invading his lands,
first threatening Brecon, where the burgesses offered
hostages for the payment of 100 marks, then heading for Swansea where Reginald
de Braose met him to offer submission and to
surrender the town. He then continued westwards to threaten Haverfordwest where
the burgesses offered hostages for their submission to
his rule or the payment of a fine of 1,000 marks.[36]
Treaty of Worcester and border campaigns 1218–1229
Following King John's death Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his
successor Henry III in 1218. This treaty confirmed him in possession of all his
recent conquests. From then until his death Llywelyn
was the dominant force in Wales, though there were further outbreaks of
hostilities with marcher lords, particularly the Marshall family and Hubert de
Burgh, and sometimes with the king. Llywelyn built up
marriage alliances with several of the Marcher families. One daughter, Gwladus Ddu, was already married
to Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but with Reginald an unreliable ally Llywelyn married another daughter, Marared,
to John de Braose of Gower, Reginald's nephew. He
found a loyal ally in Ranulph, Earl of Chester, whose
nephew and heir, John the Scot, married Llywelyn's
daughter Elen in about 1222. Following Reginald de Braose's death, Llywelyn also
made an alliance with the powerful Mortimer family of Wigmore
when Gwladus Ddu married
Ralph de Mortimer.[37]
Criccieth Castle is one of a number built by Llywelyn
Llywelyn was careful not to provoke unnecessary hostilities with the crown or
the Marcher lords; for example in 1220 he compelled
Rhys Gryg to return four commotes
in South Wales to their previous Anglo-Norman owners.[38] He built a number of
castles to defend his borders, most thought to have been built between 1220 and
1230. These were the first sophisticated stone castles in Wales; his castles at
Criccieth, Deganwy, Dolbadarn, Dolwyddelan and
Castell y Bere are among the best examples.[39] Llywelyn also appears to have fostered the development of
quasi-urban settlements in Gwynedd to act as centres
of trade.[40]
Hostilities broke out with William Marshal, Earl of
Pembroke, in 1220. Llywelyn destroyed the castles of
Narberth and Wiston, burnt the town of Haverfordwest
and threatened Pembroke Castle, but agreed to abandon the attack on payment of
£100. In early 1223 Llywelyn crossed the border into
Shropshire and captured Kinnerley and Whittington
castles. The Marshalls took advantage of Llywelyn's
involvement here to land near St David's in April with an army raised in
Ireland and recaptured Cardigan and Carmarthen without opposition. The
Marshalls' campaign was supported by a royal army which took possession of
Montgomery. Llywelyn came to an agreement with the
king at Montgomery in October that year. Llywelyn's
allies in south Wales were given back lands taken from them by the Marshalls
and Llywelyn himself gave up his conquests in
Shropshire.
In 1228 Llywelyn was engaged in a
campaign against Hubert de Burgh, who was Justiciar of England and Ireland and
one of the most powerful men in the kingdom. Hubert had been given the lordship
and castle of Montgomery by the king and was encroaching on Llywelyn's
lands nearby. The king raised an army to help Hubert, who began to build
another castle in the commote of Ceri.
However in October the royal army was obliged to
retreat and Henry agreed to destroy the half-built castle in exchange for the
payment of £2,000 by Llywelyn. Llywelyn
raised the money by demanding the same sum as the ransom of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny, whom
he had captured in the fighting.
Marital
problems 1230
Following his capture, William de Braose,
10th Baron Abergavenny decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter
Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd
ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230 William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's
wife Joan. On 2 May, De Braose was hanged at the foot
of Garth Celyn, the spot known in local tradition as
'gwern y grog'; Joan was placed under house arrest
for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler
commented: "that year William de Breos the
Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."[43].
A letter from Llywelyn to
William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after
the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place.[44] The marriage did go
ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as
princess.
Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the
title princeps Norwalliæ 'Prince of North Wales', but
from that year he changed his title to 'Prince of North Wales and Lord of Snowdonia', possibly to underline his supremacy over the
other Welsh princes.[45] He did not formally style himself 'Prince of Wales' although as J.E. Lloyd
comments "he had much of the power which such a title might
imply".[46]
[edit] Final campaigns and the Peace of Middle 1231–1240
In 1231 there was further fighting. Llywelyn
was becoming concerned about the growing power of Hubert de Burgh. Some of his
men had been taken prisoner by the garrison of Montgomery and beheaded, and Llywelyn responded by burning Montgomery, Powys, New Radnor, Hay and Brecon
before turning west to capture the castles of Neath and Kidwelly.
He completed the campaign by recapturing Cardigan castle.[47] King Henry
retaliated by launching an invasion and built a new castle at Painscastle, but
was unable to penetrate far into Wales.
Negotiations continued into 1232, when Hubert was removed
from office and later imprisoned. Much of his power passed to Peter de Rivaux, including control of several castles in south
Wales. William Marshal had died in 1231, and his brother Richard had succeeded
him as Earl of Pembroke. In 1233 hostilities broke out between Richard Marshal
and Peter de Rivaux, who was supported by the king. Llywelyn made an alliance with Richard, and in January 1234
the earl and Llywelyn seized Shrewsbury. Richard was
killed in Ireland in April, but the king agreed to make peace with the
insurgents.[49] The Peace of Middle, agreed on 21 June, established a truce of
two years with Llywelyn, who was allowed to retain
Cardigan and Builth. This truce was renewed year by year for the remainder of Llywelyn's reign.[50]
In
his later years Llywelyn devoted much effort to
ensuring that his only legitimate son Dafydd would
follow him as ruler of Gwynedd. Dafydd's older but
illegitimate brother, Gruffydd, was excluded from the
succession. This was a departure from Welsh custom, not as is often stated
because the kingdom was not divided between Dafydd
and Gruffydd but because Gruffydd
was excluded from consideration as a potential heir owing to his illegitimacy.
This was contrary to Welsh law which stipulated that
illegitimate sons had equal rights with legitimate sons, provided they
had been acknowledged by the father.[51]
Strata Florida Abbey was the site of the council of 1238.
In 1220 Llywelyn induced the
minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd
as his heir.[52] In 1222 he petitioned Pope Honorius III to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has
not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "detestable custom...
in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of
the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were
legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that Llywelyn
was abolishing this custom.[53] In 1226 Llywelyn
persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's
mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229 the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father.[52]
In 1238 Llywelyn held a council at Strata Florida
Abbey where the other Welsh princes swore fealty to Dafydd.[52]
Llywelyn's original intention had been that they
should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the
other rulers forbidding them to do homage.[54]
Gruffydd was given an appanage in Meirionnydd
and Ardudwy but his rule was
said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped
him of these territories.[55] In 1228 Llywelyn
imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release he was given
part of Ll?n to rule. His
performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been
given the remainder of Ll?n
and a substantial part of Powys.[56]
[edit] Death and the transfer of power
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn
appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year.[57] From this time
on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the
rule of the principality. Dafydd deprived his brother
Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn, and later seized him and his eldest son Owain and
held them in Criccieth Castle. In 1240 the chronicler
of Brut y Tywysogion records: "the lord Llywelyn ap Iorwerth son of Owain
Gwynedd, Prince of Wales, a second Achilles, died having taken on the habit of
religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably."[58]
Llywelyn's stone coffin is now in Llanrwst
parish church
Llywelyn died at the Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy,
which he had founded, and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to Maenan near Llanrwst, and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in Llanrwst parish church. Among the poets who lamented his
passing was Einion Wan:
True lord of the land – how strange that
today
He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies.[59]
Dafydd succeeded Llywelyn as prince of Gwynedd, but
King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in
the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to
a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his brother
Gruffydd over to the king, who now had the option of
using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd
was killed attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244. This left the
field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd
himself died without issue in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son, Llywelyn the
Last.
[edit] Historical assessment
Llywelyn dominated Wales for over forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called
'the Great', the other being his ancestor Rhodri the Great. The first person to
give Llywelyn the title 'the Great' seems to have
been his near-contemporary, the English chronicler Matthew Paris.[60]
John Edward Lloyd gave the following assessment of Llywelyn:
Among the chieftains who battled against the Anglo-Norman
power his place will always be high, if not indeed the highest of all, for no
man ever made better or more judicious use of the native force of the Welsh
people for adequate national ends; his patriotic statemanship
will always entitle him to wear the proud style of Llywelyn
the Great.[61]
David Moore gives a different view:
When Llywelyn died in 1240 his principatus of Wales rested on shaky foundations. Although
he had dominated Wales, exacted unprecedented submissions
and raised the status of the prince of Gwynedd to new heights, his three major
ambitions - a permanent hegemony, its recognition by the king, and its
inheritance in its entirety by his heir - remained unfulfilled. His supremacy,
like that of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn,
had been merely personal in nature, and there was no institutional framework to
maintain it either during his lifetime or after his death.[62]
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's
children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children. Elen
ferch Llywelyn (c.
1207–1253) first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was
childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir
Robert de Quincy, the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.
1215–1246), his son by Lady Joan, married Isabella de Braose,
daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny, Lord of Abergavenny.
William was the son of Reginald de Braose and Gracia Briwere. After Gracia's death Reginald married Gwladus
Ddu, another of Llywelyn's
daughters. D
Another daughter was Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251). Adam of Usk in
the fifteenth century states that she was a daughter by Joan, although most
sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's
mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[63]
She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny in November 1215, but
had no children by him. After Reginald's death in 1228 she married Ralph de
Mortimer of Wigmore in 1230 and had five sons and a
daughter.
Little is known of Llywelyn's
mistress, Tangwystl Goch
except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos.[64] Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.
1196–1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to
be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Their
four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd,
who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his
grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd
who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn
had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn,
by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.
1198–after 1263) married John de Braose of Bramber
and Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, by whom
she had at least three sons. After his death in 1232 she married Walter III de
Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford Castle with whom
she had a single daughter, Matilda Clifford. Other daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married
William de Lacy, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, and
married Maol Choluim II,
Earl of Fife in 1237 by whom she had at least two sons.
A number of Welsh poems addressed to Llywelyn
by contemporary poets such as Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, Dafydd
Benfras and Llywarch ap Llywelyn (better known under the nickname Prydydd y Moch) have survived.
Very little of this poetry has been published in English translation.[65]
Llywelyn has continued to figure in modern Welsh literature. The play Siwan
(1956, English translation 1960) by Saunders Lewis deals with the finding of
William de Braose in Joan's chamber and his execution
by Llywelyn. Another well-known Welsh play about Llywelyn is Llywelyn Fawr by Thomas Parry.
Llywelyn is the main character or one of the main
characters in several English-language novels:
* Raymond Foxall
(1959) Song for a Prince: The Story of Llywelyn the
Great covers the period from King John's invasion in 1211 to the execution of
William de Braose.
* Sharon Kay Penman (1985) Here be Dragons is centred on the marriage of Llywelyn
and Joan. Dragon's lair (2004) by the same author features the young Llywelyn before he gained power in Gwynedd.
* Edith Pargeter (1960-63) "The Heaven Tree
Trilogy" features Llywelyn, Joan, William de Braose, and several of Llywelyn's
sons as major characters.
* Gaius Demetrius (2006) Ascent of an Eagle tells the story
of the early part of Llywelyn's reign.
The story of the faithful hound Gelert,
owned by Llywelyn and mistakenly killed by him, is
also considered to be fiction. "Gelert's
grave" is a popular tourist attraction in Beddgelert but is thought to
have been created by an eighteenth century innkeeper
to boost the tourist trade. The tale itself is a variation on a common folktale
motif."
According to Wikipedia: "Joan was a natural daughter of
King John of England and Agatha de Ferrers. She should not be confused with her
half-sister Joan, Queen Consort of Scotland. Little is known about her early
life. Her mother's name is known only from Joan's obituary in the Tewkesbury
Annals, where she is called "Regina Clementina" (Queen Clemence).
Joan seems to have spent part of her childhood in France, as King John had her
brought to the Kingdom of England from Normandy in December 1203 in preparation
for her wedding to prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth... Joan was a natural daughter of King John of
England and Agatha de Ferrers. She should not be confused with her half-sister
Joan, Queen Consort of Scotland. Little is known about her early life. Her
mother's name is known only from Joan's obituary in the Tewkesbury Annals, where
she is called "Regina Clementina" (Queen Clemence). Joan seems to
have spent part of her childhood in France, as King John had her brought to the
Kingdom of England from Normandy in December 1203 in preparation for her
wedding to prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth.
At Easter 1230, William de Braose,
10th Baron Abergavenny, who was Llywelyn's
prisoner at the time, was discovered with Joan in Llywelyn's
bedchamber. William de Braose was hanged at Aber
Garth Celyn on 2 May 1230; the place was known as 'Gwern y Grog' and the incident remembered down the
generations by the local community. A recent suggestion that the execution
might have taken place at Crogen near Bala rests on the suggestion that 'Crogen'
and 'Crokein' are one and the same: there is however
no further eveidence in the area to lend this
substance.
Joan was placed under house arrest for twelve months after
the incident. She was then, according to the Chronicle of Chester, forgiven by Llywelyn, and restored to favour.
She may have given birth to a daughter early in 1231. Joan was never called
Princess of Wales, but, in Welsh, "Lady of Wales". She died at the
royal home, Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn, on the north coast of Gwynedd in 1237. Llywelyn's great grief at her death is recorded; he founded
a Franciscan friary on the seashore at Llanfaes,
opposite the royal home, in her honour. The friary
was consecrated in 1240, shortly before Llywelyn
died. It was destroyed in 1537 by Henry VIII of England during the Dissolution
of the Monasteries.
Joan's stone coffin can be seen in Beaumaris parish church,
Anglesey. Above the empty coffin is a slate panel inscribed: "This plain
sarcophagus, (once dignified as having contained the remains of JOAN, daughter
of King JOHN, and consort of LLEWELYN ap IOWERTH, Prince
of North Wales, who died in the year 1237), having been conveyed from the
Friary of Llanfaes, and alas, used for many years as
a horsewatering trough, was rescued from such an
indignity and placed here for preseravation as well
as to excite serious meditation on the transitory nature of all sublunary
distinctions. By THOMAS JAMES WARREN BULKELEY,
Viscount BULKELEY, Oct 1808"
Llywelyn = son of
Generation 28
0.1101110110110111100011011111 Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd or Iorwerth Drwyndwn (1145-1174)
According to Wikipedia: "Iorwerth
ab Owain Gwynedd or Iorwerth Drwyndwn
(1145-1174), meaning "the broken-nosed", was the eldest legitimate
son of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd) and his first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch. He married Marared ferch Madog. His son Llywelyn the Great eventually united the realm and became
known as Llywelyn Fawr and
is one of Wales's most famous monarchs. Iorwerth was
killed in battle at Pennant Melangell, in Powys, during the wars deciding the succession following
the death of his father."
Iowerth
= son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101101111000110111111 Owain Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd (c. 1100 - Nov. 28, 1170) md. 0.11011101101101111000110111110 Gladys ferch Llywarch, daughter of 0.110111011011011110001101111101 Llywarch ap Trahaeran
According
to ThePeerage: " Gwladus
ferch Llywarch is the
daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn.1
She married Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd, son of
Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of
Gwynedd and Angharad ferch Owain.1"
According to Wikipedia: "Owain Gwynedd (in
English, "Owen") (c. 1100–November 28, 1170), alternatively known by
the patronymic "Owain ap Gruffydd". He is
occasionally referred to as Owain I of Gwynedd, or Owain I of Wales on account
of his claim to be King of Wales. He is considered to be
the most successful of all the north Welsh princes prior to his grandson, Llywelyn the Great. He was known as Owain Gwynedd to
distinguish him from another contemporary Owain ap Gruffydd,
ruler of part of Powys who was known as Owain Cyfeiliog. Owain Gwynedd was a member of the House of Aberffraw, a descendant of the senior branch from Rhodri Mawr.
Owain's father, Gruffydd
ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had
made the principality of Gwynedd the most influential in Wales during the
sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of Anglesey as his power base.
His mother, Angharad ferch Owain, was the daughter of
Owain ab Edwin. Owain was the second of three sons of Gruffydd
and Angharad.
Owain is thought to have been born on Anglesey about the
year 1100. By about 1120 Gruffydd had grown too old
to lead his forces in battle and Owain and his brothers Cadwallon
and later Cadwaladr led the forces of Gwynedd against the Normans and against
other Welsh princes with great success. His elder brother Cadwallon
was killed in a battle against the forces of Powys in
1132, leaving Owain as his father's heir. Owain and Cadwaladr, in alliance with
Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth,
won a major victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and annexed Ceredigion to their
father's realm.
On Gruffydd's death in 1137,
therefore, Owain inherited a portion of a well-established kingdom, but had to
share it with Cadwaladr. In 1143 Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, and Owain responded by sending his son Hywel ab
Owain Gwynedd to strip him of his lands in the north of Ceredigion. Though
Owain was later reconciled with Cadwaladr, from 1143, Owain ruled alone over
most of north Wales. In 1155 Cadwaladr was driven into exile.
Owain took advantage of the civil war in England between
King Stephen and the Empress Matilda to push Gwynedd's boundaries further east
than ever before. In 1146 he captured the castle of Mold and about 1150
captured Rhuddlan and encroached on the borders of Powys. The prince of Powys, Madog ap Maredudd, with
assistance from Earl Ranulf of Chester, gave battle
at Coleshill, but Owain was victorious.
All went well until the accession of King Henry II of
England in 1154. Henry invaded Gwynedd in 1157 with the support of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys and Owain's brother Cadwaladr. The invasion met with
mixed fortunes. King Henry was nearly killed at the Battle of Ewloe near Basingwerk and the
fleet accompanying the invasion made a landing on Anglesey where it was
defeated. Owain was however forced to come to terms with Henry, being obliged
to surrender Rhuddlan and other conquests in the
east.
Madog ap Maredudd died in 1160, enabling Owain to
regain territory in the east. In 1163 he formed an alliance with Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth to
challenge English rule. King Henry again invaded Gwynedd in 1165, but instead
of taking the usual route along the northern coastal plain, the king's army
invaded from Oswestry and took a route over the
Berwyn hills. The invasion was met by an alliance of all the Welsh princes,
with Owain as the undisputed leader. However, apart from a small melee at the
Battle of Crogen there was little fighting, for the
Welsh weather came to Owain's assistance as torrential rain forced Henry to
retreat in disorder. The infuriated Henry mutilated a number
of Welsh hostages, including two of Owain's sons.
Henry did not invade Gwynedd again and Owain was able to
regain his eastern conquests, recapturing Rhuddlan
castle in 1167 after a siege of three months.
The last years of Owain's life were spent in disputes with
the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, over the appointment of a new
Bishop of Bangor. When the see became vacant Owain had his nominee, Arthur of Bardsey, elected. The archbishop refused to accept this, so
Owain had Arthur consecrated in Ireland. The dispute continued, and the see
remained officially vacant until well after Owain's death. He was also put
under pressure by the Archbishop and the Pope to put aside his second wife,
Cristin, who was his first cousin, this relationship making the marriage
invalid under church law. Despite being excommunicated for his defiance, Owain
steadfastly refused to put Cristin aside. Owain died in 1170, and despite
having been excommunicated was buried in Bangor Cathedral by the local clergy.
The annalist writing Brut y Tywysogion recorded his
death "after innumerable victories, and unconquered from his youth".
He is believed to have commissioned the propaganda text, The
Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan,
an account of his father's life. Following his death, civil war broke out
between his sons. Owain was married twice, first to Gwladus
ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn, by whom he had two sons, Maelgwn
ab Owain Gwynedd and Iorwerth Drwyndwn,
the father of Llywelyn the Great, then to Cristin, by
whom he had three sons including Dafydd ab Owain
Gwynedd and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd. He also had a number of
illegitimate sons, who by Welsh law had an equal claim on the inheritance if
acknowledged by their father.
Owain had originally designated Rhun
ab Owain Gwynedd as his successor. Rhun was Owain's favourite son, and his premature death in 1147 plunged his
father into a deep melancholy, from which he was only roused by the news that
his forces had captured Mold castle. Owain then designated Hywel ab Owain
Gwynedd as his successor, but after his death Hywel was first driven to seek
refuge in Ireland by Cristin's sons, Dafydd and
Rhodri, then killed at the battle of Pentraeth when
he returned with an Irish army. Dafydd and Rhodri
split Gwynedd between them, but a generation passed before Gwynedd was restored
to its former glory under Owain's grandson Llywelyn
the Great.
According to legend, one of Owain's sons was Prince Madoc,
who is popularly supposed to have fled across the Atlantic and colonised America."
Owain = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011011110001101111111 Gruffydd ap Cynan (1055 - 1137) md. 0.110111011011011110001101111110 Angharad ferch Owain, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011011111101 Owain ab Edwin
According
to Wikipedia: "Gruffydd ap Cynan
(standard Welsh: Gruffydd ap Cynan)
(c. 1055 – 1137) was a King of Gwynedd. In the course of a long and eventful
life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule,
and was remembered as King of all Wales. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, Gruffydd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely house of Aberffraw.
Through his mother Gruffydd had
close family connections with the Danish settlement around Dublin and he
frequently used Ireland as a refuge and as a source of troops. He three times
gained the throne of Gwynedd and then lost it again before regaining it once
more in 1099 and this time keeping power until his death. Gruffydd
laid the foundations which were built upon by his son Owain Gwynedd and his
great-grandson Llywelyn the Great.
Unusually for a Welsh king or
prince, a near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd, The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan, has survived. Much of our knowledge of Gruffydd comes from this source, though allowance has to be made for the fact that it appears to have been
written as dynastic propaganda for one of Gruffydd's
descendants. The traditional view among scholars was that it was written during
the third quarter of the 12th century during the reign of Gruffydd's
son, Owain Gwynedd, but it has recently been suggested that it may date to the
early reign of Llywelyn the Great, around 1200. The
name of the author Is not known.
Most of the existing manuscripts of the history are in Welsh
but these are clearly translations of a Latin original. It is usually
considered that the original Latin version has been lost, and that existing
Latin versions are re-translations from the Welsh. However
Russell (2006) has suggested that the Latin version in Peniarth
MS 434E incorporates the original Latin version,
later emended to bring it into line with the Welsh text.
According to the Life of Gruffydd
ap Cynan, Gruffydd was born
in Dublin and reared near Swords, County Dublin in Ireland. He was the son of a
Welsh Prince, Cynan ap Iago, who was a claimant to
the Kingship of Gwynedd but was probably never king of Gwynedd, though his
father, Gruffydd's grandfather, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig had ruled Gwynedd
from 1023 to 1039. When Gruffydd first appeared on
the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as
"grandson of Iago" rather than the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating that his father was little known in
Wales. Cynan ap Iago seems to have died while Gruffydd was still young, since the History describes his
mother telling him who his father was.
Gruffydd's mother Ragnhild was the daughter of Olaf of
Dublin, son of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard
and a member of the Hiberno-Norse Uí Ímhair dynasty.
Through his mother, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the
Book of Leinster, Gruffydd claimed relationships with
many of the leading septs in Ireland. His great-great grandparents on his
mother's side include the 10th century High King of Ireland, Brian Boru, the 9th century King of Dublin, Olaf Cuarán, and Gormflaith.
During his many struggles to gain the kingship of Gwynedd, Gruffydd received considerable aid from Ireland, both from
the Hiberno-Norse at Dublin, but also those at Wexford, and
also from Muircheartach Ua
Briain.
Gruffydd made his first attempt to take over the rule of Gwynedd in 1075,
following the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Trahaearn ap Caradog had seized control of Gwynedd but had
not yet firmly established himself. Gruffydd landed
on Anglesey with an Irish force, and with the assistance of troops provided by
the Norman Robert of Rhuddlan first defeated and
killed Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon,
an ally of Trahaearn who held Ll?n, then defeated Trahaearn
himself in the battle of Gwaed Erw
in Meirionnydd and gained control of Gwynedd.
Gruffydd then led his forces eastwards to reclaim
territories taken over by the Normans, and despite the assistance previously
given by Robert of Rhuddlan attacked and destroyed Rhuddlan castle. However tension between Gruffydd's Danish-Irish bodyguard and the local Welsh led
to a rebellion in Ll?n and Trahaearn took the opportunity to counter attack, defeating
Gruffydd at the battle of Bron
yr Erw above Clynnog Fawr the same year.
Gruffydd fled to Ireland but in 1081 returned and made
an alliance with Rhys ap Tewdwr prince of Deheubarth.
Rhys had been attacked by Caradog ap Gruffydd of
Gwent and Morgannwg, and had been forced to flee to the St David's Cathedral. Gruffydd this time embarked from Waterford with a force
composed of Danes and Irish and landed near St David's, presumably by prior
arrangement with Rhys. He was joined here by a force of his supporters from
Gwynedd, and he and Rhys marched north to seek Trahaearn
ap Caradog and Caradog ap Gruffydd who had themselves
made an alliance and been joined by Meilyr ap Rhiwallon of Powys. The armies of
the two confederacies met at the Battle of Mynydd Carn, with Gruffydd and Rhys
victorious and Trahaearn, Caradog and Meilyr all being killed. Gruffydd
was thus able to seize power in Gwynedd for the second time.
He was soon faced with a new enemy, as the Normans were now
encroaching on Gwynedd. Gruffydd had not been king
very long when he was enticed to a meeting with Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh
Earl of Shrewsbury at Rug, near Corwen. At the meeting Gruffydd
was seized and taken prisoner. According to his biographer this was by the
treachery of one of his own men, Meirion Goch. Gruffydd was imprisoned in
Earl Hugh's castle at Chester for many years while Earl Hugh and Robert of Rhuddlan went on to take possession of Gwynedd, building
castles at Bangor, Wales Bangor, Caernarfon and Aberlleiniog.
Gruffydd reappeared on the scene years later, having
escaped from captivity. According to his biography he was in fetters in the market-place at Chester when Cynwrig
the Tall on a visit to the city saw his opportunity when the burgesses were at
dinner. He picked Gruffydd up, fetters and all, and
carried him out of the city on his shoulders. There is debate among historians
as to the year of Gruffydd's escape. Ordericus Vitalis mentions a "Grifridus"
attacking the Normans in 1088. The History in one place states that Gruffydd was imprisoned for twelve years, in another that
he was imprisoned for sixteen years. Since he was captured in 1081, that would
date his release to 1093 or 1097. J.E. Lloyd favours 1093, considering that Gruffydd
was involved at the beginning of the Welsh uprising in 1094. K.L. Maund on the other hand favours 1097, pointing out that there is no reference to Gruffydd in the contemporary annals until 1098. D. Simon
Evans inclines to the view that Ordericus Vitalis'
date of 1088 could be correct, suggesting that an argument based on the silence
of the annals is unsafe.
Gruffydd again took refuge in Ireland but returned to Gwynedd to lead the
assaults on Norman castles such as Aber Lleiniog. The
Welsh revolt had begun in 1094 and by late 1095 had spread to many parts of
Wales. This induced William II of England (William Rufus) to intervene,
invading northern Wales in 1095. However his army was
unable to bring the Welsh to battle and returned to Chester without having
achieved very much. King Willam mounted a second
invasion in 1097, but again without much success. The History only mentions one
invasion by Rufus, which could indicate that Gruffydd
did not feature in the resistance to the first invasion. At this time Cadwgan ap Bleddyn of Powys led
the Welsh resistance.
In the summer of 1098 Earl Hugh of Chester joined with Earl
Hugh of Shrewsbury in another attempt to recover his losses in Gwynedd. Gruffydd and his ally Cadwgan ap
Bleddyn retreated to Anglesey, but then were forced to flee to Ireland in a
skiff when a fleet he had hired from the Danish settlement in Ireland accepted
a better offer from the Normans and changed sides.
The situation was changed by the arrival of a Norwegian
fleet under the command of King Magnus III of Norway, also known as Magnus
Barefoot, who attacked the Norman forces near the eastern end of the Menai
Straits. Earl Hugh of Shrewsbury was killed by an arrow said to have been shot
by Magnus himself. The Normans were obliged to evacuate Anglesey, and the
following year Gruffydd returned from Ireland to take
possession again, having apparently come to an agreement with Earl Hugh of
Chester.
With the death of Hugh of Chester in 1101 Gruffydd was able to consolidate his position in Gwynedd,
as much by diplomacy as by force. He met King Henry I of England who granted
him the rule of Ll?n, Eifionydd, Ardudwy and Arllechwedd, considerably extending his kingdom. By 1114 he
had gained enough power to induce King Henry to invade Gwynedd in a
three-pronged attack, one detachment led by King Alexander I of Scotland. Faced
by overwhelming force, Gruffydd was obliged to pay
homage to Henry and to pay a heavy fine, but lost no
territory. By about 1118 Gruffydd's advancing years
meant that most of the fighting which pushed Gwynedd's borders eastward and
southwards was done by his three sons by his wife Angharad, daughter of Owain
ab Edwin: Cadwallon, Owain Gwynedd and later
Cadwaladr. The cantrefs of Rhos
and Rhufoniog were annexed in 1118, Meirionnydd captured from Powys
in 1123 and Dyffryn Clwyd
in 1124. Another invasion by the king of England in 1121 was a military
failure. The king had to come to terms with Gruffydd
and made no further attempt to invade Gwynedd during Gruffydd's
reign. The death of Cadwallon in a battle against the
forces of Powys near Llangollen
in 1132 checked further expansion for the time being.
Gruffydd was now powerful enough to ensure that his nominee, David the Scot was
consecrated as Bishop of Bangor in 1120. The see had been effectively vacant
since Bishop Hervey le Breton had been forced to flee by the Welsh almost
twenty years before, since Gruffydd and King Henry
could not agree on a candidate. David went on to rebuild Bangor Cathedral with
a large financial contribution from Gruffydd.
Owain and Cadwaladr in alliance with Gruffydd
ap Rhys of Deheubarth gained a crushing victory over
the Normans at Crug Mawr
near Cardigan in 1136 and took possession of Ceredigion. The latter part of Guffydd's reign was considered to be
a "Golden Age"; according to the Life of Gruffydd
ap Cynan Gwynedd was "bespangled with
lime-washed churches like the stars in the firmament".
Gruffydd died in his bed, old and blind, in 1137 and was mourned by the
annalist of Brut y Tywysogion as the head and king
and defender and pacifier of all Wales. He was buried by the high altar in
Bangor Cathedral which he had been involved in rebuilding. He also made
bequests to many other churches, including one to Christ Church Cathedral,
Dublin where he had worshipped as a boy. He was succeeded as king of Gwynedd by
his son Owain Gwynedd. His daughter, Gwenllian, who married Gruffydd
ap Rhys of Deheubarth, son of his old ally Rhys ap
Tewdwr, is also notable for her resistance to English rule."
Gruffydd = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110110111100011011111111 Cynan ab Iago (1014-1063) md. 0.1101110110110111100011011111110 Raignaillt, daughter of 0.11011101101101111000110111111101 Olaf of Dublin, son of 0.110111011011011110001101111111011 King Sigtrygg Silkbeard King of Dublin
According
to Wikipedia: "Cynan ab Iago (1014-1063) was a
Welsh Prince, the son of Iago ab Idwal, King of
Gwynedd and father of Gruffydd ap Cynan
who also became king of Gwynedd.
Iago ab Idwal was
king of Gwynedd from 1023 to 1039, but in the latter year he was killed by one
of his own men and the throne was seized by Gruffydd
ap Llywelyn. Cynan was forced
to flee to Ireland and took refuge at the Danish settlement of Dublin. He
married Ragnaillt daughter of Olaf of Dublin, son of
King Sigtrygg Silkbeard and
a member of the Hiberno-Norse dynasty. Ragnaillt, who
appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster, was
also a descendant of Brian Boru.
Cynan may have died fairly soon
after the birth of their son Gruffydd ap Cynan, for the near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd details Cynan's ancestry
but does not refer to him in its account of Gruffydd's
youth; describing Gruffydd's mother telling him who
his father was and what patrimony he could claim. Gruffydd
ap Llywelyn was killed in 1063, by his own men
according to Brut y Tywysogion. The Ulster Chronicle
however states that it was Cynan ap Iago who killed
him.
As his son Gruffydd was supposedly
born c. 1055, the date of death "1039" is doubtful (Gruffydd died 1137).
Cynan's claim to the throne of Gwynedd was passed on to his son. When Gruffydd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh
annals several times refer to him as "grandson of Iago" rather than
the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating
that his father was little known in Wales."
Cyan = son of
Generation 32
0.11011101101101111000110111111111 Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, King of Gwynedd (d. 1039)
According to Wikipedia: "Iago ab Idwal
ap Meurig (died 1039) was a Prince of Gwynedd. On the
death of Llywelyn ap Seisyll
in 1023, the rule of Gwynedd returned to the ancient dynasty with the accession
of Iago, who was a great-grandson of Idwal Foel. Very little is known about the reign of Iago. He was
killed by his own men in 1039 and replaced by Llywelyn
ap Seisyll's son, Gruffydd
ap Llywelyn. Iago's grandson Gruffydd
ap Cynan later won the throne of Gwynedd, and because
his father, Cynan ap Iago, was little known in Wales,
Gruffydd was styled "grandson of Iago"
rather than the usual "son of Cynan"
According to ThePeerage: "Iago ab Idwal
ap Meurig, King of Gwynedd was the son of Idwal ap Meurig. He died in 1039.1 Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, King of Gwynedd succeeded to the title of King of
Gwynedd in 1023.1"
Iago = son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011011110001101111111111 Idwal ap Meurig (d. 996)
Idwal = son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110110111100011011111111111 Meurig ab Idwal (d. 986)
Meurig = son of
Generation 35
0.11011101101101111000110111111111111 Idwal Foel
ap Anarawd King of Gwynedd (d.
942)
According
to Wikipedia: "Idwal Foel
ap Anarawd (English: Idwal
the Bald) (died 942) was a King of Gwynedd, referred to as King of the Britons
by William of Malmesbury, in whose Gesta Regum Anglorum.
William spells his name as Judwalum in the original
Latin (anglicized Jothwel); the Annales Cambriae spell it Iudgual. Idwal inherited the throne of Gwynedd on the death of his
father, Anarawd ap Rhodri in 916. He was obliged to
acknowledge Athelstan of England as overlord. Following Athelstan's death, Idwal and his brother Elisedd
took to arms against the English, but both were killed in battle in 942. The
rule of Gwynedd should now have passed to his sons, Iago ab Idwal
and Idwal, usually called Ieuaf
ab Idwal. However Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, already ruler
of most of south Wales, invaded Gwynedd and forced them into exile, adding
Gwynedd to his realm. After Hywel's death in 950, Idwal's
sons were able to claim the kingdom.
Idwal = son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011011110001101111111111111 Anarawd ap Rhodri, King of
Gwynedd (d. 916)
According
to Wikipedia: "Anarawd ap Rhodri (died 916) was
a King of Gwynedd, also referred to as "King of the Britons" by the
Annals of Wales.
Anarawd's father Rhodri the Great had eventually
become ruler of most of Wales, but on his death in 878 his kingdom was shared
out between his sons, with Anarawd inheriting the
throne of Gwynedd. Anarawd and his brothers Cadell
and Merfyn are recorded as cooperating closely
against the rulers of the remaining lesser kingdoms of Wales. Earl Aethelred of Mercia invaded Gwynedd in 881, but Anarawd was able to defeat him with much slaughter in a
battle at the mouth of the River Conwy, hailed in the
annals as "God's vengeance for Rhodri", Rhodri having been killed in
battle against the Mercians.
Anarawd
then made an alliance with the Danish king of York in an
attempt to guard himself against further Mercian attacks. When this
alliance proved unsatisfactory, he came to an agreement with Alfred the Great
of Wessex, visiting Alfred at his court. In exchange for Alfred's protection Anarawd recognised the supremacy
of Alfred. This was the first time a ruler of Gwynedd had accepted the
supremacy of an English king, and formed the basis for
the homage which was demanded by the English crown from then on.
In 894 Anarawd was able to repel a
raid by a Danish host on North Wales, and the following year raided Ceredigion
and Ystrad Tywi in southern
Wales. He is reported as having some English troops under his command for these
raids. In 902 an attack on Ynys Môn
(Anglesey) by some of the Danes of Dublin under Ingimund
was repulsed. Anarawd died in 916 and was succeeded
by his son Idwal Foel (Idwal the Bald).
Anarawd would establish the princely house of Aberffraw, taking the name from his principal seat of
government on Ynys Môn. His
descendants would rule Gwynedd until the Edwardian conquest of the late 13th
century."
Anarawd = son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110110111100011011111111111111 Rhodri or Roderick the Great
(820-878)
According
to Wikipedia: "Rhodri the Great (in Welsh, Rhodri Mawr;
occasionally in English, Roderick the Great) (c. 820–878) was the first ruler
of Wales to be called 'Great', and the first to rule most of present-day Wales.
He is referred to as "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster.
In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales" but he did not rule all of Wales nor was this term
used contemporaneously to describe him.
The son of Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and Nest ferch
Cadell of the Royal line of Powys, he inherited the
Kingdom of Gwynedd on his father's death in 844.
When his maternal
uncle Cyngen ap Cadell ruler of Powys
died on a pilgrimage to Rome in 855 Rhodri inherited Powys.
In 872 Gwgon, ruler of Seisyllwg
in southern Wales, was accidentally drowned, and Rhodri added his Kingdom to
his domains by virtue of his marriage to Angharad, Gwgon's
sister. This made him the ruler of the larger part of Wales.
Rhodri faced pressure both from the English and increasingly
from the Danes, who were recorded as ravaging Anglesey in 854. In 856 Rhodri
won a notable victory over the Danes, killing their leader Gorm (sometimes
given as Horm). Two poems by Sedulius
Scotus written at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Western Franks,
celebrate the victory of "Roricus" over the
Norsemen.
In 876 Rhodri fought another battle against the Norse
invaders on Anglesey, after which he had to flee to Ireland.
On his return the following year, he
and his son Gwriad were said to have been killed by
the English under Alfred the Great, though the precise manner of his death is
unknown. When his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri won a
victory over the Mercians a few years later, it was hailed in the annals as
"God's vengeance for Rhodri".
Rhodri died leaving three sons:
His heir, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who
became the king of Gwynedd;
His son Cadell ap Rhodri, who conquered Dyfed, which was
later joined with Seisyllwg by Rhodri's grandson
Hywel Dda to become Deheubarth.
Like his grandfather, Hywel would come to rule most of Wales; and
His son Merfyn ap Rhodri, who
became the king of the Powys."
Rhodri = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101101111000110111111111111111 Merfyn Frych,
King of Gwynedd (reigned 825 - 844) md. 0.11011101101101111000110111111111111110 Nest ferch Cadell daughter of 0.110111011011011110001101111111111111101 Cadell ap Elisedd, King of Powys
According
to Wikipedia: "Nest ferch Cadell was the
daughter of Cadell ap Elisedd a late 8th century King
of Powys, wife of Merfyn Frych King of Gwynedd and mother to Rhodri the Great, King
of both Powys and Gwynedd.
On the death of her brother Cyngen
ap Cadell in 855, authority over the Kingdom of Powys
passed to her son Rhodri the Great who had previously inherited the Kingdom of
Gwynedd on the death of his father in 844, thereby uniting the Kingdoms of Powys and Gwynedd.
It is unclear why the inheritance
of Powys passed through Nest to her son, and not to
one of the sons of Cyngen: Elisedd
ap Cyngen, Ieuaf ap Cyngen, Aeddan ap Cyngen, and Gruffudd ap Cyngen. The texts of Welsh laws which survive to us were
written down no earlier than the 12th century, but they provide no evidence
that women were capable of transmitting legal title of
kingship or lordship. Equally, although the pedigree in a manuscript in Jesus
College Oxford states Nest as the mother of Rhodri the Great, another pedigree
in a fourteenth century manuscript in the National Library of Wales records his
mother as Essyllt ferch Cynan. There are no strong grounds to accept either
manuscript as reliable, but it is reasonable to believe that the royal house of
Gwynedd promoted the view that the Kingdom of Powys
had passed to Rhodri the Great through his mother in order to
legitimise their control over it.[3] Either way, this
possible genealogical manipulation became part of the accepted story of the
unification of the two kingdoms."
According to Wikipedia: "Merfyn
Frych or Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad (English: Merfyn the Freckled, son of Gwriad)
was King of Gwynedd (reigned 825 – 844), the first king not descended from the
male line of Maelgwn Gwynedd. Little is known of his
reign, and his primary notability is as the father of Rhodri the Great. Merfyn came to the throne in the aftermath of a bloody
dynastic struggle between brothers Cynan (reigned 798
– 816) and Hywel (reigned 816 – 825), at a time when the kingdom had been under
pressure from Mercia. The Annales Cambriae says that
he died in 844, the same year in which a battle occurred at Ketill
(or Cetyll), but it does not make clear whether there
is a connection, or whether it is referring to two unrelated events.
The times leading up to Merfyn's
reign were unsettled for both Gwynedd and neighbouring
Powys. Both kingdoms were beset by internal dynastic
strife, external pressure from Mercia, and bad luck from nature's whims. In 810
there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next
year Deganwy, the ancient fortified llys (English: royal court) of Maelgwn
Gwynedd and built of wood, was struck by lightning. A destructive dynastic war
raged in Gwynedd between 812 and 816, particularly on Anglesey, while in Powys a son of the king was killed by his brother
"through treachery". In 818 there was a notable battle at Llanfaes on Anglesey. The combatants are not identified,
but the site had been the llys of King Cynan.
Coenwulf of Mercia took advantage of the situation in 817, occupying Rhufoniog (see map) and laying waste to the mountains of Eryri (English: Snowdonia), the
defensive stronghold of Gwynedd. Coastal Wales along the Dee Estuary was still
in Mercian hands in 821, as it is known that Coenwulf
died peacefully at Basingwerk in that year. In 823
Mercia laid waste to Powys and returned to Gwynedd to
burn down Deganwy.
Gwynedd and Powys then gained a
respite when Mercia's attention turned elsewhere and
its fortunes waned. King Beornwulf was killed
fighting the East Anglians in 826, his successor Ludeca suffered the same fate the following year, and
Mercia was conquered and occupied by Ecgberht of Wessex in 829. Though Mercia
managed to throw off Ecgberht's rule in 830, it was thereafter beset by dynastic
strife, and never regained its dominance, either in Wales or eastern England.
It was just as Mercian power was on the verge of breaking
that Merfyn Frych came to
the throne, certainly a case of fortuitous timing.
Merfyn was linked to the earlier dynasty through his mother Ethyllt (or Etthil or Essyllt, Esyllt), the daughter of
King Cynan (d. 816), rather than through his father Gwriad.[7][note 1] As his father's
origins are obscure, so is the basis of his claim to the throne (see below).
Merfyn allied his own royal family with that of Powys
by marrying Nest, daughter or sister of King Cadell ap
Brochwel.
Precious little is known of Merfyn's
reign. Thornton suggests that Merfyn was probably
among the Welsh kings who were defeated by Ecgberht, king of Wessex, in the
year 830, but it is unknown how this affected Merfyn's
rule.
Merfyn is mentioned as a king of the Britons in a
copyist's addition to the Historia Brittonum and in the
Bamberg Cryptogram, but as both sources are traced to people working in Merfyn's own court during his reign, it should not be
considered more significant than someone's respectful reference to his patron
while working in his service.
In the literary sources, Merfyn's
name appears in the Dialogue between Myrddin and his sister Gwenddydd
(Welsh: Cyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd
ei chwaer), found in the
mid-13th-century manuscript known as the Red Book of Hergest.
The dialogue is a prophecy of the future kings, and
lists among them Merfyn in the passage "meruin vrych o dir manaw" (English: Merfyn Frych of the land of
Manau).
Extremely little is known of Merfyn's
father Gwriad. Merfyn
claimed descent from Llywarch Hen through him, and
the royal pedigree in Jesus College MS. 20 says that Gwriad
was the son of Elidyr, who bears the same name as his
ancestor, the father of Llywarch Hen, Elidyr lydanwyn. Supporting the
veracity of the pedigree is an entry in the Annales Cambriae,
which states that Gwriad, the brother of Rhodri the
Great, was slain on Anglesey by the Saxons. That is to say, Merfyn named one of his sons after his father Gwriad.
The discovery of a cross inscribed Crux Guriat
(English: Cross of Gwriad) on the Isle of Man and
dated to the 8th or 9th century raised the question of whether Gwriad's possible connection to "Manaw"
was to that of the Gododdin, once active in North
Britain, or to the Isle of Man (Welsh: Ynys Manaw). John Rhys suggested that Gwriad
might well have taken refuge on the Isle of Man during the bloody dynastic
struggle between Cynan and Hywel prior to Merfyn's accession to the throne, and that the cross
perhaps does refer to the refugee Gwriad, father of Merfyn. He goes on to note that the Welsh Triads mention a
'Gwryat son of Gwryan in
the North'. Other locations for "Manaw"
have been suggested, including Ireland, Galloway and Powys.
While Rhys' suggestion is not implausible, his reference to Gwriad's father Gwrian
contradicts the royal pedigree, which says that Gwriad's
father was Elidir, so this may be a confusion of two
different people named Gwriad. Gwriad's
name does appear with northern origins in the Welsh Triads as one of the
"Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers" (sometimes referred
to as the "Three Peasant Kings"), where he is identified as the son
of "Gwrian in the North".
The other literary references to Gwriad
and his father Gwrian also suggest that this Gwriad is a different person with the same name as Merfyn's father. For example, Gwrian's
name also appears in The Verses of the Graves (Welsh: Englynion
y Beddau) in the Black Book of Carmarthen, as does Gwriad's name, which also appears in the Gododdin"
Merfyn = son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011011110001101111111111111111 Gwriad md.
0.110111011011011110001101111111111111110 Ethyllt
Gwriad = son of
Generation
40
0.1101110110110111100011011111111111111111 Elidyr
Elidyr = descendant of
? Llywarch Hen
According
to Wikipedia: "Llywarch Hen (meaning 'Llywarch the Old') was a 6th-century prince of the
Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a ruling family in the
Hen Ogledd or 'Old North' of Britain (modern southern
Scotland and northern England). He was first cousin to King Urien
Rheged and may possibly have been a monarch himself
in the same region.
His life was the subject of a presumed lost saga of which
only the poetry, a series of englynion, survives. The
words are put into the mouth of Llywarch himself,
although they were clearly composed somewhat later, possibly in the 9th
century. He bemoans the death of Urien and returns to
Rheged with his severed head. Other Brythons make war on Llywarch
and he is soon found living in poverty. He is advised to flee to Powys and this he does. He is also sometimes associated
with Llanfor, near Llyn Tegid in Gwynedd.
In the poems about Llywarch, known as Canu Llywarch Hen, it is said he had twenty-four sons, but
various sources list as many as thirty-nine, plus a few daughters. The Canu Heledd, concerning the fall
of the kings of the Pengwern region, and the elegy
Geraint son of Erbin, concerning the Battle of Llongborth, are also associated indirectly with Llywarch."
= first cousin of Urien Rheged
According to Wikipedia: "Urien,
often referred to as Urien Rheged,
was a late 6th century king of Rheged, an early
British kingdom of the Hen Ogledd (northern England
and southern Scotland). His power and his victories, including the battles of
Gwen Ystrad and Alt Clut
Ford, are celebrated in the praise poems to him by Taliesin, preserved in the
Book of Taliesin. He had four sons, named Owain, Rhiwallon,
Rhun and Pasgen, the eldest
of which succeeded him. He became the 'King Urien of
Gore' of later Arthurian legend and his son Owain mab
Urien was later known as Ywain.
According to the genealogies, Urien
was the son of Cynfarch Oer,
son of Meirchion Gul, son of Gorwst,
son of Cenau, son of Coel
Hen (King Cole), the first recorded post-Roman military leader in the area of Hadrian's Wall. He fought against the rulers
of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (modern Northumbria).
An Anglian noble, Ida, had occupied Metcauld around
the middle of the sixth century and begun to raid the mainland. Urien joined with other northern kings, Rhydderch
Hael "the Generous" of Strathclyde and two
other descendants of Coel, Gwallog
mab Llaenog and Morgant Bwlch. They defeated the
Angles and besieged them on Lindisfarne but, according to the Historia Brittonum, Urien was assassinated
at the command of Morgant Bwlch
who was jealous of his power. Shortly afterwards the Angles united with the
Scots of Ulster to inflict the decisive defeat of Dagsestone
which broke the power of the north British kingdoms. One of the Welsh Triads
calls the death of Urien one of the "Three
Unfortunate Assassinations" and another lists him
as one of the "Three Great Battle-leaders of Britain".
Urien remained a popular figure in Wales over the centuries, and he and his
son Owain were incorporated into Arthurian legend as it spread from Britain to
continental Europe. His kingdom was eventually transferred to the mythical land
of Gore, and Kings Lot of Lothian and Auguselus of
Scotland are sometimes said to be his brothers. During the reign of Uther
Pendragon he marries Arthur?s
sister (often Morgan le Fay, but sometimes another sister is named). He, like
the kings of several other lands, initially opposes Arthur?s ascendance to the throne after Uther?s death. Urien and the
others rebel against the young monarch, but upon their defeat, the rebels
become Arthur?s allies and
vassals.
In the legends his marriage to Morgan is not portrayed as a
happy one, however, as in one story Morgan plots to take Excalibur, kill Urien and Arthur, and place herself and her lover Accolon on the throne. He is always said to be the father
of Ywain (Owain), and many texts give him a second son, Ywain the Bastard,
fathered on his seneschal's wife. Welsh tradition attributes to him a daughter
named Morfydd.
Thomas Malory sometimes spells his name "Urience", which has led some (e.g.
Alfred Tennyson) to identify him with King Rience."
Llywarch = son of
?
0.110111011011011110001101111111111111111111 Elidyr Iydanwyn
________________
Family of Portugal, Starting with Generation 27, 0.110111011011111101011010010 Princess Berengária of Portugal
0.110111011011111101011010010
Princess Berengária
of Portugal md. 0.110111011011111101011010011 King
Valdemar II of Denmark, Valdemar the Conqueror or Valdemar the Victorious (May 9 June 28 1170 - March 28, 1241)
Berengaria of Portugal was a Portuguese infanta, later Queen consort of
Denmark. She was the fifth daughter of Portuguese King Sancho I and Dulce of
Aragon. She married Danish King Valdemar
II and was the mother of Danish kings Eric IV, Abel and Christopher I.
Berengaria was the tenth of eleven children born to her parents. By the age of
seventeen in 1212, Berengaria was an orphan, her father died in 1212 and her
mother had died in 1198.
Old folk ballads says that on her deathbed, Dagmar of
Bohemia, Valdemar's first wife, begged the king to marry Kirsten, the
daughter of Karl von Rise and not the "beautiful flower" Berengaria.
In other words she predicted Berengaria's sons' fight
over the throne would bring trouble to Denmark.
Berengaria
was introduced to King Valdemar through his sister, Ingeborg, the wife of King Philip II of France, another of
her cousins.
Berengaria = daughter of
Generation 28
0.1101110110111111010110100101 Sancho I King of Portugal (Nov. 11, 1154 -
March 26, 1212) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100
Dulce of Aragon, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101101001001
Ramon Berenguer IV,
Count of Barcelona Family of Aragon
According
to Wikipedia: "Sancho I nicknamed the Populator ,
second monarch of Portugal, was born on 11 November 1154 in Coimbra and died on 26 March 1212 in the same city. He was the
second but only surviving legitimate son and fourth child of Afonso I
Henriques of Portugal by his wife, Maud
of Savoy. Sancho succeeded his father in 1185. He used the title King of
the Algarve and/or King of Silves between
1189 and 1191
"In
1170, Sancho was knighted by his father, King Afonso I, and from then on he
became his second in command, both administratively and militarily. At this
time, the independence of Portugal (declared in 1139) was not firmly
established. The kings of León and Castile were
trying to re-annex the country and the Roman Catholic Church was late in giving its blessing and approval. Due to this
situation Afonso I had to search for allies within the Iberian Peninsula.
Portugal made an alliance with the Crown of Aragon and together they fought Castile
and León. To secure the agreement, Infante Sancho of Portugal married, in 1174,
Infanta Dulce of Aragon, younger sister of King Alfonso II of Aragon. Aragon
was thus the first Iberian kingdom to recognize the independence of Portugal.
"With
the death of Afonso I in 1185, Sancho I became the second king of Portugal.
Coimbra was the centre of his kingdom; Sancho
terminated the exhausting and generally pointless wars against his neighbours for control of the Galician borderlands. Instead, he turned all his attentions to the
south, towards the Moorish small kingdoms (called taifas) that still thrived. With Crusader help he
took Silves in
1191. Silves was an important city of the South, an
administrative and commercial town with population estimates around 20,000
people. Sancho ordered the fortification of the city and built a castle which
is today an important monument of Portuguese heritage. However, military
attention soon had to be turned again to the North, where León and Castile
threatened again the Portuguese borders. Silves was
again lost to the Moors. The global Muslim population had climbed to about 6
per cent while the Christian population was 12 per cent by 1200.
"Sancho I dedicated much of his reign to political and administrative
organization of the new kingdom. He accumulated a national treasure, supported
new industries and the middle class of merchants. Moreover, he created several
new towns and villages (like Guarda in 1199) and took great care in populating remote areas in
the northern Christian regions of Portugal, notably with Flemings and Burgundians – hence
the nickname "the Populator". The king was also known for his love of
knowledge and literature. Sancho I wrote several books
of poems and used the royal treasure to send Portuguese students to European
universities."
Sancho = son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101111110101101001011 Afonso I Henriques, King
of Portugal (c, 1109 - Dec. 6, 1185) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001010
Maud of Savoy (1125-1158)
According to Wikipedia: "Afonso I (c.
1109 Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185,
Coimbra), AKA Afonso Henriques nicknamed
"the Conqueror" ,"the Founder", or "the Great" by the
Portuguese" and "son of Henry", or "Henriques" by the
Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal. He
achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia
-County of Portugal- from the León, in 1139, doubling its area with the Reconquista, which he carried until his death, in 1185, after forty-six
years of wars against the Moors.
"Afonso I was the son of Henry of
Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León, the illegitimate daughter of
King Alfonso VI of León. He was proclaimed King on 25 July 1139,
immediately after the Battle of Ourique, and died on
6 December 1185 in Coimbra.
"At the end of the 11th century, the Iberian
Peninsula political agenda was mostly
concerned with the Reconquista, the
driving out of the Muslim successor-states to
the Caliphate of Córdoba after its collapse. With
European military aristocracies focused on
the Crusades, Alfonso VI called for the help
of the French nobility to deal with the Moors. In
exchange, he was to give the hands of his daughters in wedlock to the leaders
of the expedition and bestow royal privileges to the others. Thus, the royal
heiress Urraca of León wedded Raymond of
Burgundy, younger son of the Count of Burgundy, and her half-sister, princess Teresa of León, wedded his cousin, another
French crusader, Henry of Burgundy, younger brother of the Duke of Burgundy. Henry
was made Count of Portugal, a burdensome county south of Galicia, where
Moorish incursions and attacks were to be expected. With his wife Teresa as
co-ruler of Portugal, Henry withstood the ordeal and held the lands for his
father-in-law.
"From this marriage several children were
born, but only one son, Afonso Henriques (meaning "Afonso son of
Henry") survived. The boy, born 1109, followed his father as Count of
Portugal in 1112, under the tutelage of his mother. The relations between
Teresa and her son Afonso proved difficult. Only eleven years old, Afonso
already had his own political ideas, greatly different from his mother's. In
1120, the young prince took the side of the archbishop of Braga, a political foe of
Teresa, and both were exiled by her orders. Afonso spent the next years away
from his own county, under the watch of the
bishop. In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century. He
made himself a knight on his own account in the
Cathedral of Zamora, raised an army, and
proceeded to take control of his lands. Near Guimarães, at the Battle of São Mamede (1128) he overcame
the troops under his mother's lover and ally Count Fernando Peres de Trava of Galicia, making her
his prisoner and exiling her forever to a monastery in
León. Thus the possibility of
re-incorporating Portugal (up to then Southern Galicia) into a Kingdom of
Galicia was eliminated and Afonso became sole ruler (Duke of Portugal)
after demands for independence from the county's church and nobles. He also
vanquished Alfonso VII of
León, another of his mother's allies, and thus freed the county from
political dependence on the crown of León. On 6 April 1129, Afonso Henriques
dictated the writ in which he proclaimed himself Prince of Portugal.
"Afonso then turned his arms against the persistent
problem of the Moors in the south. His campaigns were successful and, on 25 July 1139, he obtained an overwhelming
victory in the Battle of Ourique, and straight after was unanimously
proclaimed King of Portugal by his soldiers. This meant that Portugal
was no longer a vassal county of León, but an independent kingdom
in its own right. The first assembly of the estates-general convened at Lamego
(wherein he would have been given the crown from the
Archbishop of Braga, to confirm the
independence) is likely to be a 17th century embellishment of Portuguese
history.
"Independence, however, was not a thing a land could
choose on its own. Portugal still had to be acknowledged by the neighboring
lands and, most importantly, by the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. Afonso wed Mafalda of Savoy,
daughter of Count Amadeo
III of Savoy, and sent Ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope. In Portugal, he built
several monasteries and convents and bestowed important privileges to religious
orders. In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to
declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue
driving the Moors out of the Iberian peninsula. Bypassing any king of León, Afonso declared
himself the direct liegeman of the Papacy. Thus, Afonso continued to
distinguish himself by his exploits against the Moors, from whom he wrested Santarém and Lisbon in 1147. He also conquered an important
part of the land south of the Tagus River, although this was lost again to
the Moors in the following years.
"Meanwhile, King Alfonso VII of León (Afonso's cousin)
regarded the independent ruler of Portugal as nothing but a rebel. Conflict
between the two was constant and bitter in the following years. Afonso became
involved in a war, taking the side of the Aragonese
king, an enemy of Castile. To ensure the alliance, his son Sancho was engaged to Dulce, sister of the
Count of Barcelona,
and princess of Aragon. Finally, in 1143, the Treaty of Zamora
established peace between the cousins and the recognition by the Kingdom of
León that Portugal was an independent kingdom.
"In
1169, Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz
by a fall from his horse, and
made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León. Portugal was obliged to
surrender as his ransom almost all the conquests
Afonso had made in Galicia (North of the Minho)in the
previous years.
"In 1179 the privileges and favours
given to the Roman Catholic Church were compensated. In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum, Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent
land with the right to conquer lands from the Moors. With this papal blessing,
Portugal was at last secured as a country and safe from any Leonese attempts at
annexation.
"In 1184, in spite of his
great age, he still had sufficient energy to relieve his son Sancho, who was
besieged in Santarém
by the Moors. Afonso died shortly after, on 6 December 1185.
"The Portuguese revere him as a hero, both on account
of his personal character and as the founder of their nation. There are stories that it would take 10 men to carry his
sword, and that Afonso would want to engage other monarchs in personal combat,
but no one would dare accept his challenge.
"In July 2006, the tomb of the
King (which is located in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra) was to be
opened for scientific purposes by researchers from the University of Coimbra
(Portugal), and the University
of Granada (Spain). The opening of the tomb provoked considerable concern
among some sectors of Portuguese society and IPPAR
– Instituto Português do Património
Arquitectónico (Portuguese State Agency for
Architectural Patrimony). The government halted the opening, requesting more
protocols from the scientific team because of the importance of the king in the
nation's formation.
Alfonso = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101011010010111 Henry of Burgundy,
Count of Portugal md. 0.110111011011111101011010010110 Teresa of Leon, Countess of Portugal
daughter of 0.1101110110111111010110100101101 King Alfonso VI
of León
Henry
= son of
Generation
31
0.1101110110111111010110100101111 Henry of Burgundy md.
0.1101110110111111010110100101110 Beatrix
of Barcelona
Henry = son of
Generation
32
0.11011101101111110101101001011111 Robert I, Duke of Burgundy md. 0.11011101101111110101101001011110 Helie of
Semur
Robert
= son of
0.110111011011111101011010010111111 Robert II, King of France (March 27, 972 - July 20, 1031) md.
0.110111011011111101011010010111110 Constance of Arles, Ancestors
of Robert II (from another line)
_______________
Family of Thuringia, Starting with Generation 27, 0.1101110110111111010110100100 Agnes of Thuringia
0.1101110110111111010110100100 Agnes of Thuringia (1205-1246) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100101 Albert I, Duke of Saxony
Agnes = daughter of
Generation 28
0.11011101101111110101101001001 Landgrave Hermann I
of Thuringia (d. April 25, 1217)
According to Wikipedia: "Hermann I (died 25 April 1217), was the second son of Louis II,
Landgrave of Thuringia (the Hard), and Judith of Hohenstaufen, the
sister of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The composition of the Latin hymns Veni Sancte Spiritus
and Salve palatine of Saxony are attributed to him.
"Little is known of his early
years, but in 1180 Hermann joined a coalition against Henry the Lion, Duke of
Saxony, and with his brother, Landgrave Ludwig III of Thuringia, suffered a
short imprisonment after his defeat at Weissensee by
Henry. About this time he received from his brother Louis the Saxon County Palatine, over which he strengthened his authority by
marrying Sophia, daughter of Lutgard of Stade and
Fredrick II of Sommerschenburg, a former count
palatine.
"Louis II died in 1190. Emperor Henry VI attempted to
seize Thuringia as a vacant fief of the Holy Roman Empire, but Hermann
frustrated the plan and established himself as the landgrave. Having joined a
league against the emperor, he was accused, probably wrongly, of an attempt to
murder him. Henry VI was not only successful in detaching Hermann from the
hostile combination, but gained his support for the
scheme to unite Sicily with the Empire.
"Hermann went on crusade in 1197. When Henry VI died in
1198, Hermann's support was purchased by the late emperor's brother Duke Philip
of Swabia, but as soon as Philip's cause appeared to be weakening
he transferred his allegiance to Otto of Brunswick, the later Emperor Otto IV.
Philip accordingly invaded Thuringia in 1204 and compelled Hermann to come to
terms by which he surrendered the lands he had obtained in 1198. After the
death of Philip and the recognition of Otto, Hermann was among the princes who
invited Frederick of Hohenstaufen, afterwards Emperor Frederick II, to come to
Germany and assume the crown. In consequence of this step the Saxons attacked
Thuringia, but the landgrave was saved by Frederick's arrival in Germany in
1212.
"After the death of his first wife in 1195, Hermann
married Sophia, daughter of Otto of Wittelsbach. By her he had four sons, two
of whom, Ludwig IV of Thuringia and Heinrich Raspe,
succeeded their father in turn as landgrave. Hermann died at Gotha in 1217 and
was buried at Reinhardsbrunn.
"Hermann was fond of the society of men of letters, and
Walther von der Vogelweide and other Minnesingers were welcomed to his castle, the Wartburg. In this connection he
figures in Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser."
Herman = son of
Generation 29
0.110111011011111101011010010011 Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the Hard) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010
Judith of
Hohenstaufen, Second Family of Hohenstaufen
Louis = son of
Generation
30
0.1101110110111111010110100100111 Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100110
Hedwig of Gudensberg
Louis
= son of
Generation
31
0.11011101101111110101101001001111 Ludwig der Springer md.
0.11011101101111110101101001001110
Adelhel of Stade, daughter of 0.110111011011111101011010010011101 Lothair Udo II, margrave of the Nordmark md. 0.110111011011111101011010010011100 Oda of Werl
Ludwig
= son of
Generation
32
0.110111011011111101011010010011111 Ludwig der Bartige (d. 1056 or 1080) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010011110 Cecilia of Sangerhausen
_________________
The Montpellier Family, Starting with Generation 27, from
0.1101110110110111100110001 Marie of Montpellier
0.1101110110110111100110001 Marie of Montpellier (1182 - April 18, 1213) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011 Peter II of Aragon (1174- Sept. 12, 1213) Family of Aragon
Marie = daughter of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110011000111 William VIII of Monpellier (d. 1202) md. 0.110111011011011110011000110
Eudokia Komnene (c. 1150 or 1152 - c. 1203 Komnene Family
According
to Wikipedia: "William VIII of Montpellier (died 1202) was Lord of
Montpellier, the son of William VII. He married Eudoxie
or Eudokia Komnene, niece
of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos. A
condition of the marriage was that the firstborn child, boy or girl, would
succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on William's death. Wiiliam
VIII was a patron of troubadours. Arnaut de Mareuil
came to his court after fleeing from the entourage of Azalais of Toulouse, and
at least one of Arnaut's poems is addressed to him. William died in 1202. He
and Eudoxie had no sons, and it was their daughter
Marie of Montpellier who was to benefit from the terms of the marriage
agreement."
According to Wikipedia: "William VIII of
Montpellier (died 1202) was Lord of Montpellier, the son of William VII. He
married Eudoxie or Eudokia Komnene, niece of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos. A condition of the marriage was that the
firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on
William's death. Wiiliam VIII was a patron of
troubadours. Arnaut de Mareuil came to his court
after fleeing from the entourage of Azalais of Toulouse, and at least one of
Arnaut's poems is addressed to him. William died in 1202. He and Eudoxie had no sons, and it was their daughter Marie of
Montpellier who was to benefit from the terms of the marriage agreement."
According to
Wikipedia: "Eudocia Comnena (c. 1150 or
1152 – c. 1203) was a niece of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos,
and wife of William VIII of Montpellier.
"Eudokia was a daughter of
the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos
by his second wife, Irene Synadene. Her father was a
son of Emperor John II Komnenos and Piroska of Hungary, the daughter of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. Her sister Theodora Komnene married King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and was
afterwards the lover of Andronikos I Komnenos. Her older half-sister Maria Komnene
married King Stephen IV of Hungary.
"Eudokia Komnene
was sent to Provence by Manuel in 1174 to be betrothed to King Alfonso II of
Aragon, but, on her arrival, she found that he had just married Sancha of Castile. As the troubadour Peire
Vidal put it, he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's
golden camel. After much indecision she married William VIII of Montpellier in
1179, having made it a condition (to which all male citizens of Montpellier
were required to swear) that their firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed
him in the lordship of Montpellier.
"Eudokia was sometimes
described by contemporaries, including the troubadours Folquet
de Marselha and Guiraut de Bornelh, as an empress (Occitan emperairitz)
and was commonly said to be a daughter of the emperor Manuel, which has led to
some confusion among modern authors about her family links. Other sources, such
as Guillaume de Puylaurens, correctly identify her as
Manuel's niece.
"William and Eudokia had one
daughter, Marie of Montpellier, born in 1181 or 1182. In 1187 William divorced
her (because she encouraged the advances of Folquet
de Marselha, according to the Biographies des
Troubadours; because William wanted a male heir, according to documents likely
to be more reliable). Eudokia was thereafter held at
the monastery of Aniane. She died about 1203, shortly
before her daughter's third marriage to King Peter II of Aragon."
William = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100110001111 William VII of Monpellier (d. c. 1172) md. 0.1101110110110111100110001110 Matilda of Burgundy, daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011101
Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy reigned 1103-1143, who was son of 0.110111011011011110011000111011
Eudes I of Burgundy (1058 -
March 23, 1103) reigned 1079 to 1103 Crusader,
who was son of 0.1101110110110111100110001110111 Henry of Burgundy (1035 - c. 1071),
who was son of 0.1101110110110111100110001110111 Robert I Duke of Burgundy (1011- March 21,
1076), son of 0.11011101101101111001100011101111 King
Robert II of France
According to Wikipedia: "William VII of Montpellier was
the eldest son of William VI and of his wife Sibylle.
Aged around 15, he inherited the lordship of Montpellier from his father in
1146 under the tutelage of his grandmother, Ermessende
of Melgueil. In 1156 he married Matilda of Burgundy,
daughter of Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy. He fell ill in 1171 and made his will on
St Michael's day (29 September 1171), appointing his brother Gui Guerrejat and John of Montlaur, bishop of Maguelonne,
as joint guardians of his young sons. He probably died in 1172."
According to Wikipedia: "Hugh II of Burgundy
(1084–1143) was duke of Burgundy between 1103 and 1143. Hugh was son of Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy. He married about 1115 to
Felicia-Matilda of Mayenne, daughter of Gauthier,
Count of Mayenne and Adelina de Presles."
According to Wikipedia: "Eudes
I, surnamed Borel and called the Red, (1058–23 March
1103) was Duke of Burgundy between 1079 and 1103. Eudes
was the second son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of Robert I. He became the
duke following the abdication of his older brother, Hugh I, who retired to
become a Benedictine monk. Eudes married Sibylla of
Burgundy (1065 - 1101), daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy.
"They had:
* Florine of Burgundy 1083-1097
* Helie of Burgundy 1080-1141 wife
of Bertrand of Toulouse and William III of Ponthieu
* Hugh II of Burgundy
* Henry d.1131
"An interesting incident is reported of this robber
baron by an eyewitness, Eadmer, biographer of Anselm
of Canterbury. While Saint Anselm was progressing through Eudes's
territory on his way to Rome in 1097, the bandit, expecting great treasure in
the archbishop's retinue, prepared to ambush and loot it. Coming upon the
prelate's train, the duke asked for the archbishop, whom they had not found.
Anselm promptly came forward and took the duke by surprise, saying "My
lord duke, suffer me to embrace thee." The flabbergasted duke immediately
allowed the bishop to embrace him and offered himself as Anselm's humble
servant.
"He was a participant in the ill-fated Crusade of
1101."
According to Wikipedia: "Henry of Burgundy (1035 – c.
1071) was the son and heir of Robert I, duke of Burgundy. He died shortly
before his father and failed to succeed in Burgundy. The name of his wife is
unknown (that it was Sibil has been discredited) as
is her origin, although a connection to the Counts of Barcelona has been
hypothesized."
According to Wikipedia: "Robert I Capet (1011 – March
21, 1076) was duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death. Robert was son of
King Robert II of France and brother of Henry I.
"In 1025, with the death of his eldest brother Hugh
Magnus, he and Henry rebelled against their father and defeated him, forcing
him back to Paris. In 1031, after the death of his father the king, Robert
participated in a rebellion against his brother, in which he was supported by
his mother, Queen Constance d'Arles. Peace was only
achieved when Robert was given Burgundy (1032).
"Throughout his reign, he was little more than a robber
baron who had no control over his own vassals, whose estates he often
plundered, especially those of the Church. He seized the income of the diocese
of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon. He
burgled the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre. In 1055, he repudiated his wife, Helie of Semur, and assassinated
her brother Joceran and murdered her father, his
father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur,
with his own hands. In that same year, the bishop of Langres,
Harduoin, refused to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of
the duke."
"His first son, Hugh, died in battle at a young age and
his second son, Henry, also predeceased him. He was succeeded by Henry's eldest
son, his grandson, Hugh I."
William = son of
0.11011101101101111001100011111
William VI of Montpellier (d. after 1161) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011110
Sibylle
According
to Wikipedia: "William VI of Montpellier was the elder son of William V
and his wife Ermessende (daughter of Peter of Melgueil). William succeeded his father in the lordship of
Montpellier; he inherited it in 1120, while still a minor, under his mother's
guardianship. William of Aumelas was his brother.
William VI's wife was named Sibylle,
but her origin is uncertain. According to documents adduced at the annulment of
the marriage of Marie of Montpellier, her great-granddaughter, she was the
daughter of Boniface del Vasto and therefore the
sister of Manfred I of Saluzzo, but this cannot be
confirmed.
Inconsolable at the
recent death of Sibylle, William VI made his will in
1146 and took holy orders, entering the Cistercian monastery of Grandselve in the diocese of Toulouse[1]
in early 1147. He died at some date after 1161, having settled, in that year,
an inheritance dispute between his sons William (VII) and Gui.
William = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011011110011000111111 William V of Montpellier
(1075-1121) Crusader md.
0.110111011011011110011000111110 Ermessende, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110001111101 Peter Count of Mauguio
According
to Wikipedia: "William V or Guilhem V (1075 –
1121) was the Lord of Montpellier from an early age until his death. He was the
son of Bernard William IV.
"Soon after his father's death, his
mother, Ermengarde, quit Montpellier to marry the Lord of Anduze.
William IV had confided the tutelage of his son to the child's grandmother, Beliarde, and to his nearest relatives: William Arnold,
Raymond Stephen, and William Aymoin. After a short
conflict with the bishop of Maguelonne, William V
rendered homage to the bishop on 10 December 1090 and was recognised
as lord of Montpellier.
"At the call of Pope Urban II,
William took up the cross of the First Crusade under the banner of Raymond IV
of Toulouse. He served notable at the capture of the small Syrian village of Maara in 1098. After the fall of Jerusalem in 1099, William
remained in the Holy Land for a while. He remained at the side of Godfrey de
Bouillon and accompanied him to the Battle of Arsuf in December. He did not
return to Montpellier until 1103, bringing with him a relic of Saint Cleopas.
"When William returned, he found that the Aimoin brothers to whom he had confided the administration
of the lordship in his absence had usurped many seigniorial rights and that he
was obligated to recognise much of their newfound
authority, which diminished his own, in order to
retain his position.
"William participated in the army of Raymond Berengar III of Barcelona which captured Majorca from the
Moors in 1114. The rest of his reign was marked by the important acquisition of
nearby territories, which greatly recouped his power: Montarnaud,
Cournonsec, Montferrier, Frontignan, Aumelas, Montbazin, Popian.
"By his marriage to Ermensenda,
daughter of the Peter, Count of Mauguio, he had six
children."
William = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110110111100110001111111 Bernard William IV of Monpellier
__________________
The Family of Bavaria-Landshut, from Generation 26, 0.1101110110111111010010 Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut
0.1101110110111111010010
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut (1383-1442) md. 0.1101110110111111010011 Frederick I Margrave of Brandenburg
and Burgrave of Nuremberg (1371-1440)
Elizabeth = daughter
of
Generation 27
0.11011101101111110100101 Frederick, Duke of
Bavaria (1339 - 1393) md. 0.11011101101111110100100
Maddelena
Visconti
Frederick = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011111101001011 Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria md. 1328 0.110111011011111101001010
Elisabeth of Sicily AKA Isabel of Aragon (1310 - 1349)
Elizabeth = daughter of
Generation 29
0.1101110110111111010010110
Eleanor of Anjou AKA Eleanor of Naples (1289 - 1341) md.
0.1101110110111111010010111 Frederick III, King of Sicily
Eleanor = daughter of
Generation 30
0.11011101101111110100101101 Charles II (1254 - May 5, 1309) "the Lame", King of Naples and Sicily, King of Jerusalem, Prince of Salerno md. 0.11011101101111110100101100 Mary of Hungary (1257 - 1323) Second Family of Hungary
Charles = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011111101001011011
Charles I (1226/1227 - Jan. 7, 1285) of Anjou md. 0.110111011011111101001011010 Beatrice of Provence (1229 - Sept. 23,
1267)
Charles = son of
0.1101110110111111010010110111
Louis VIII (Sept. 1187 - Nov. 8, 1226) the Lion,
King of France (Capet) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110110 Blanche of Castile Family of Castile
Ancestors of Louis VIII from another line
________________
The Huntingdon Family,
Starting with Generation 27, from 0.11011101101101111011101110 Isabella or
Isobel of Huntingdon
0.11011101101101111011101110
Isabella or Isobel of Huntingdon (1199-1251) md. 0.11011101101101111011101111 Robert Bruce,
4th Lord of Annandale (d. between 1226 and 1233)
According to Wikipedia:
"Robert IV de Brus(? 1226 x 1233) was a 13th
century Lord of Annandale.He was the son of William
de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale and Christina or Beatrice de Teyden.
Robert IV married Isabella, the second daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl
of Huntingdon, by which marriage he acquired the manors of Writtle and Hatfield
Broadoak, Essex in England. They had his heir and
successor: Robert V de Brus. He died sometime between 1226 and 1233, and was buried in Guisborough Priory."
Isabella = daughter
of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110111011111 David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (c.
1144 - June 17, 1219) md. 0.110111011011011110111011110 Maud
of Chester, daughter
of 0.1101110110110111101110111101 Hugh de Kevlioc,
3rd Earl of Chester
David
= son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111101110111111 Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon and Northamption and Earl of Northumberland (1114 - June 12, 1152) md. 0.1101110110110111101110111110 Ada de Warenne, daughter of 0.11011101101101111011101111101 William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and 0.11011101101101111011101111100 Elizabeth de Vermandois
Henry
= son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111011101111111 King David I of
Scotland, Prince of the Cumbrians and King of the Scots (Alpin
dynasty) reigned 1124-1153) md. 0.11011101101101111011101111110 Maud, 2nd countess of Huntingdon (1074-1130) daughter
of 0.110111011011011110111011111101 Waltheof
II, Earl of Northumbria and Huntingdon (beheaded 1075) md. 0.110111011011011110111011111100
Judith of Lens
According
to Wikipedia: "David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim;[1] b. 1083 x 1085, d. 24 May 1153) was a 12th
century ruler who was in succession Prince of the Cumbrians (x 1113–1124) and
King of the Scots (1124–1153). The youngest son of Máel
Coluim mac Donnchada and
Margaret, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to
England in 1093. At some point, perhaps after 1100, he became a hanger-on at
the court of King Henry I and experienced long exposure to Norman and
Anglo-French culture."
David = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110111011111111
Malcolm III King of Scotland (1031-1093) reigned 1058-1093 (defeated Macbeth) md. 0.110111011011011110111011111110
Saint Margaret (1045-1093) daughter of 0.1101110110110111101110111111101 Prince Edward the Exile (1016-1057), who
was the son of 0.110111011011011110111011111110
11 Edmund Ironside (988/993-1016) King of England reigned 1016,
who unsuccessfully tried to fend off the Danish invasion by King Canute
Malcolm = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111101110111111111 Duncan I, King of
Scotland (c. 1001-1040) reigned 1034-1040 (murdered
by Macbeth)
Duncan
= son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111011101111111111 Crinan of Dunkeld AKA Grimus, Mormaer of Atholl,
Lay Abbot of Dunkeld (b. c. 975 in Athoil, Perthshire,Scotland killed in
battle in 1045 at Dunkeld) md. 0.11011101101101111011101111111110 Bethoc of Scone daughter of King Malcolm II of Scotland
(954-1034) Alpin
Family
The Capet Family, Starting from Generation 24, from 0.110111011011011110001110 Marguerite of France
0.110111011011011110001110 Marguerite of France (Capet) (1282 - Feb. 14, 1317) md.0.110111011011011110001111 King Edward I of England "Longshanks" (June 14, 1229 - July 7, 1307) reigned 1272-1307) Plantagenet Family
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Margaret md. Edward I King of England]
Marguerite = daughter of
Generation 25
0.1101110110110111100011101 King Philip III "the Bold" of
France (Capet) (1245-1285),
reigned 1270-1285 md. Aug. 21, 1274
. 0.1101110110110111100011100 Maria
of Brabant (May 13, 1254,
Leuven - Jan. 10, 1321, Murel) Brabant Family
He also married Isabella of Aragon (1247-1271) and by that marriage had
Charles of Valois from whom we are also descended. Valois Family
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Marie of Brabant md. Philip III King of France]
Philip appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, According
to Wikipedia "In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees
Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other
contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers
to him as 'the small-nosed' and 'the father of the Pest of France.'"
_____________
The Family of Castile, Starting from Generation 25, 0.110111011011011110011110 Eleanor of Castile
0.110111011011011110011110 Eleanor
of Castile (1241-1290) md. 0.110111011011011110011111
Edward I, King of England (Plantagenet) (1239-1307) reigned
(1272-1304)
Eleanor = daughter of
Generation 26
0.1101110110110111100111101 Fernando III, King of Castile and
Leon md. 0.1101110110110111100111100 Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu
Fernando = son of
Generation 27
0.11011101101101111001111011 Alfonso IX of
Leon (Aug.
15, 1171 - Sept 23 or 24, 1230) md. 1197 0.11011101101101111001111010 Berengaria of Castile
Alfonso = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110011110111 Ferdinand II of
Leon (c. 1137
- Jan. 22, 1188) md. 0.110111011011011110011110110 Urraca of Portugal
Ferdinand = son of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100111101111 Alfonso VII of
Leon and Castile
(March 1, 1105 - Aug. 21, 1157) md. 0.1101110110110111100111101110
Berenguela of Barcelona
Alfonso = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111001111011111 Raymond, Count
of Galicia (c.
1070 - May 2, 1107) md. 0.11011101101101111001111011110
Urraca, Queen of Leon and Castile
Raymond = son of
Generation
31
0.110111011011011110011110111111 William I, Count of
Burgundy, the Great (1020 - Nov. 12,
1087) md. 0.110111011011011110011110111110 Stephanie
William = son of
Generation
32
0.1101110110110111100111101111111 Renaud I, Count of
Burgundy (986 - 1057) md. 0.1101110110110111100111101111110
Alice of Normandy
Renaud = son of
Generation
33
0.11011101101101111001111011111111 Otto-William, Count
of Burgundy (955/62 - Sept. 21, 1026) md.
0.11011101101101111001111011111110
Ermentrude de Roucy
Otto-William = son of
Generation
34
0.110111011011011110011110111111111 Adalbert II of Ivrea
(932/936 - 971/975) md. 0.110111011011011110011110111111110 Gerberga of Macon
Adalbert = son of
Geneation 35
0.1101110110110111100111101111111111 Berengar II (c. 900 - Aug. 4, 966) md. 0.1101110110110111100111101111111110 Willa of Tuscany
Berengar = son of
Generation
36
0.11011101101101111001111011111111111 Adalbert I Margrave
of Ivrea (d. after Feb. 28, 929) md. 0.11011101101101111001111011111111110 Gisela of Friuli
Adalbert = son of
Generation
37
0.110111011011011110011110111111111111 Anscar I Margrave of Ivrea (860 - March 902)
Anscar = son of
Generation
38
0.1101110110110111100111101111111111111 Amadeus of Oscheret (c. 790 - 867)
_______________
Second Family of Denmark, Starting from Generation 25, 0.1101110110111111010110100 Sophia of Denmark
0.1101110110111111010110100 Sophia of Denmark md. 0.1101110110111111010110101 Valdemar I, King of Sweden (1239 - 1302)
Sophia = daughter of
Generation 26
0.11011101101111110101101001 Eric
IV, King of Denmark, AKA Eric Ploughpenny, king
from 1241 until his death
(1216
- Aug. 9, 1250) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010 Jutta of Saxony
(d. 1250) Second Family of Saxony
Eric = son of
Generation
27
0.110111011011111101011010011 King Valdemar
II of Denmark, Valdemar the Conqueror or Valdemar the Victorious
(May 9, 1170 or June 28 1170 - March 28, 1241)
md. 0.110111011011111101011010010 Princess Berengária of Portugal, Family
of Portugal
Valdemar = son of
Generation 28
0.1101110110111111010110100111 King Valdemar I of Denmark (Jan. 14, 1131 -
May 12, 1182) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100110
Sophia Valadarsdattir,
a Varangian princess [see line of his daughter
Helen, also an ancestor]
Vlademar
= son of
Generation
29
0.11011101101111110101101001111 Canute Lavard (c. 1090- Jan. 7,
1131) 0.11011101101111110101101001110 Ingeborg of Kiev, Second Kiev Family
According to
Wikipedia: "Canute Lavard (meaning
"Canute the Lord," was a Danish prince and Earl, later Duke
of Schleswig.
Canute = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101011010011111 Eric I (Evergood)
King of Denmark (c. 1060 - July 10, 1103) md. 0.110111011011111101011010011110
Boedil Thurgotsdatter
Eric
= son of
Generation
31
0.1101110110111111010110100111111 King Sweyn II Estridsson
md. 0.1101110110111111010110100111110
Gunhild Sveinsdotter
Sweyn
= son of
Generation
32
0.11011101101111110101101001111111 Ulf Thorgilsson md.
0.11011101101111110101101001111110 Estrid Margarete Svendsdatter
Ulf = son of
0.110111011011111101011010011111111 Thorgil Styrbjornsson Sparkling
Thorgil = son of
0.1101110110111111010110100111111111 Styrbjorn
the Strong (d. 985) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100111111110 Thyra Haraldsdotter of Denmark
According
to Wikipedia: "Styrbjörn the Strong (died c.
985) was, according to late Norse sagas, the son of the Swedish king Olof, and the nephew of Olof's co-ruler and successor Eric the
Victorious, who defeated and killed Styrbjörn at the
Battle of Fyrisvellir.As with many figures in the
sagas, doubts have been cast on his existence, but he is mentioned in a roughly
contemporary skaldic poem about the battle. According to legend, his original
name was Björn (English : Beorn).
"It is believed that there once was a full saga about Styrbjörn, but most of what is extant is found in the short
Styrbjarnar þáttr
Svíakappa. Parts of his story are also retold in Eyrbyggja saga, Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (book
10), Knýtlinga saga and Hervarar saga. He is also mentioned in the Heimskringla
(several times), and in Yngvars saga víðförla, where Ingvar the Far-Travelled is compared to his kinsman Styrbjörn.
Oddr Snorrason also mentions him in Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
(c. 1190), writing that Styrbjörn was defeated with
magic. In modern days, he is also the hero of a novel called Styrbiorn the Strong by the English author Eric Rücker
Eddison (1926) and he figures in The
Long Ships, by Frans G Bengtsson."
Styrbjorn = son of
0.11011101101111110101101001111111111 King
Olof II Bjornsson of Sweden (d. 975) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001111111110 Ingeborg Thrandsdotter
_____
Family of Provence, Starting from Generation 26, 0.1101110110110111100111110 Eleanor of Provence
0.1101110110110111100111110
Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223-1291) md. 0.1101110110110111100111111 Henry III, King
of England (Plantagenet) (1207-1272) reigned 1216-1272)
Eleanor = daughter of
Generation
27
0.11011101101101111001111101 Ramon Berenguer IV(1198-1245)
Count of Provence md. 0.11011101101101111001111100 Beatrice of
Savoy (1206-1266)
Another line from his daughter
Beatrice of Provence
Ramon = son of
Generation 28
0.110111011011011110011111011 Alfonso II (1180 - Feb. 1209) Count of Provence md. 0.110111011011011110011111010
Garsenda II (1180 - 1242) Countess of Forcalquier,
daughter of Rainou of Sabran
md. Garsenda of Forcalquier
Alfonso = son of
0.1101110110110111100111110111 Alfonso
II of Aragon (March 1157 -
April 25, 1196) the Troubadour md. 0.1101110110110111100111110110
Sancha of Castile (Sept. 21, 1154/55 - Nov. 9, 1208)
Also descended from his son
Peter II of Aragon
________________
Second Family of Saxony, Starting from Generation 26, 0.110111011011111101011010010 Jutta of Saxony
0.110111011011111101011010010
Jutta
of Saxony (d.
1250) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001
Eric IV, King of Denmark, AKA Eric Ploughpenny,
king from 1241 until his death (1216
- Aug. 9, 1250)
Jutta = daughter of
Generation 27
0.1101110110111111010110100101 Albert
I, Duke of Saxony (1175-1260) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100 Agnes of Thuringia, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101101001001 Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia Family
of Thuringia
Albert = son of
Generation
28
0.11011101101111110101101001011 Bernard III, Duke of Saxony (c.
1134 - Feb. 2, 1212) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001010 Brigitte of Denmark
Bernard = son of
Generation
29
0.110111011011111101011010010111 Albert the Bear, First Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1100 - Nov. 18, 1170) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010110 Sophie Winzenburg
Albert
= son of
Generation
30
0.1101110110111111010110100101111 Otto, Count of Ballenstedt (c.
1070 - Feb. 9, 1123) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100101110 Eilika of
Saxony
Otto
= son of
Generation
31
0.11011101101111110101101001011111 Adalbert II, Count of Ballenstedt (c.
1030 - 1076/1083) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001011110 Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamunde
Adalbert
= son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011111101011010010111111 Esico of
Ballenstedt (d. 1060) progenitor of the
House of Ascania) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010111110 Matilda of Swabia
Esico
= son of
Generation
33
0.1101110110111111010110100101111111 Adalbert of Ballenstedt (?) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100101111110
Hidda (?)
The Brabant Family, Starting from Generation 25, from 0.1101110110110111100011100 Maria of Brabant
0.1101110110110111100011100
Maria of Brabant (May 13, 1254, Leuven - Jan. 10, 1321, Murel)
md. Aug. 21, 1274 0.1101110110110111100011101
King Philip III "the Bold" of France (Capet) (1245-1285),
reigned 1270-1285
Philip appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, According to Wikipedia "In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as 'the small-nosed' and 'the father of the Pest of France.'"
Maria = daughter of
Generation 26
0.11011101101101111000111001 Henry III, Duke of
Brabant (c. 1230- Feb. 28, 1261, Leuven) md. 0.11011101101101111000111000 Adelaide
of Burgundy, daughter of 0.110111011011011110001110001 Hugh
IV, Duke of Bugundy
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Henry III of Brabant]
Henry = son of
Generation 27
0.110111011011011110001110011 Henry
II, Duke of Brabant (1207 -
Feb. 1, 1248, in Leuven) md. 0.110111011011011110001110010 Marie
of Hohenstaufen (April 3, 1201 in Arezzo, Tascany, Italy
-1235) First Hohenstaufen Family
[Cary-Estes
p. 84 Marie md. Henry II of
Brabant]
Generation 28
Henry = son of
0.1101110110110111100011100111 Henry I "the Courageous" Duke of
Brabant (1165, Leuven - Sept. 5, 1235, Cologne) md.
1179 0.1101110110110111100011100110 Mathilde of Boulogne (AKA
Mathilde of Flanders), daughter of 0.11011101101101111000111001101 Matthew
of Alsace md. 0.11011101101101111000111001100 Marie of Boulogne,
daughter of 0.110111011011011110001110011001 King
Stephen of England md. 0.110111011011011110001110011000 Matilda
I, Countess of Boulogne
Henry
= son of
Generation
29
0.11011101101101111000111001111 Godfrey III of Leuven, Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant md.
0.11011101101101111000111001110 Margaret of Limbug
Godfrey
= son of
Generation
30
0.110111011011011110001110011111 Godfrey II Count of Leuven and Landgrave of
Brabant (c. 1110 - June 13, 1142) and 0.110111011011011110001110011110 Lutgarde of
Sulzbach
Godfrey
= son of
Generation
31
0.1101110110110111100011100111111 Godfrey I "the Bearded", "the Courageous" or
"the Great" Landgrave of Brabant and Count of Burssels
and Leuven, Duke of Lower Lorraine, and Margrave of Antwerp (c. 1060 - Jan. 25,
1139) md. 0.1101110110110111100011100111110 Ida of Chiny
Godfrey
= son of
Generation
32
0.11011101101101111000111001111111 Henry II of Leuven md. 0.11011101101101111000111001111110 Countess Adela
___________________________
The Family of Aragon, Starting with Generation 26, from 0.110111011011011110011000 Isabella of Aragon
0.110111011011011110011000 Isabella of Aragon (1247-1271) md. 0.110111011011011110011001 King Philip III "the Bold"
of France (Capet) (1245-1285), reigned 1270-1285
Philip appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, According
to Wikipedia "In
the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory
with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip
directly, but refers to him as 'the small-nosed' and 'the father of the Pest of
France.'"
According to
Wikipedia: "Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold
(French: le Hardi), was the King of France, succeeding
his father, Louis IX, and reigning from 1270 to 1285. He was a member of the
House of Capet.
"Born in Poissy, to Louis IX
(the later Saint Louis) and Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his
accession Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the Eighth Crusade to
Tunisia in 1270. His father died at Tunis and there Philip was declared king at
the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently
crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his
father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the
basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character.
He was pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of
Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle Charles I of Sicily.
"After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on
negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned
to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip
was crowned in France on 12 August 1271. On 21 August, his uncle, Alfonso,
Count of Poitou, Toulouse, and Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in
Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the royal demesne. The
portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the Duchy of Auvergne. In
accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274.
Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens with Edward I of
England in 1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the Agenais which had
fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In 1284, Philip also inherited the
counties of Perche and Alençon from his brother
Pierre.
"Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in
Italy. When, after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, Peter III of Aragon invaded
and took the island of Sicily, the pope, Martin IV, excommunicated the
conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by
Peter II in 1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's
son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of Henry I
of Navarre and married his son, Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre,
Joan I.
"In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the
head of a large army. This war, called the Aragonese
Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most
unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian
monarchy."[1] On 26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before
Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was
strong, but the city was taken on 7 September. Philip soon experienced a
reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of dysentery.
Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at
the Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of
France himself died at Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca,
and was buried in Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife Isabella of
Aragon in Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.
According
to Wikipedia: "Isabella of Aragon (1247 – 28 January 1271), infanta of
Aragon, was, by marriage, Queen consort of France in the Middle Ages from 1270
to 1271.
She was the daughter of King James I of Aragon and his
second wife Violant of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II
of Hungary.
"In Clermont on 28 May 1262, she married the future
Philip III of France, son of king Louis IX and Marguerite of Provence. They had
four sons:
1. Louis (b. 1265 - d. 1276).
2. Philip IV "the Fair" (b. 1268 - d. 1314), King of
France.
3. Robert (b. 1269 - d. 1271).
4. Charles of Valois (b. 1270 - d. 1325).
"She accompanied her husband on the Eighth Crusade
against Tunis. On their way home, they stopped in Cosenza, Calabria. Six months
pregnant with her fifth child, on 11 January 1271 she suffered a fall from her
horse after they had resumed the trip back to France. Isabella gave birth to a
premature stillborn son.[1] She never recovered from her injuries and the
childbirth, and died seventeen days later, on 28 January. Her husband took her
body and their stillborn son and, when he finally returned to France, buried
her in Saint Denis Basilica. Her tomb, like many others, was desecrated during
the French Revolution in 1793."
Isabella = daughter of
Generation 27
0.1101110110110111100110001 King James I of Aragon, the Conqueror (Feb. 2, 1208 - July 1276) almost a Crusader md. 0.1101110110110111100110000 Violant or Yolanda (c. 1212 - 1253) daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100001 Andrew II of Hungary
According
to Wikipedia: "James I the Conqueror (Catalan: Jaume
el Conqueridor, Aragonese: Chaime lo Conqueridor, Spanish: Jaime el
Conquistador, Occitan: Jacme lo Conquistaire;
2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was the King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and
Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276. His long reign saw the expansion of the
Crown of Aragon on all sides: into Valencia to the south, Languedoc to the
north, and the Balearic Islands to the east. By a treaty with Louis IX of
France, he wrested the county of Barcelona from nominal French suzerainty and
integrated it into his crown. His part in the Reconquista was similar in
Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in
Andalusia.
"As a legislator and organiser,
he occupies a high place among the Spanish kings. James compiled the Libre del Consulat de Mar,[1] which governed maritime trade and
helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western
Mediterranean. He was an important figure in the development of Catalan,
sponsoring Catalan literature and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of
his reign: the Llibre dels fets.
"James was born
at Montpellier as the only son of Peter II and Mary, heiress of William VIII of
Montpellier and Eudokia Komnene.
As a child, James was a pawn in the power politics of Provence, where his
father was engaged in struggles helping the Cathar heretics of Albi against the
Albigensian Crusaders led by Simon IV de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who were
trying to exterminate them. Peter endeavoured to
placate the northern crusaders by arranging a marriage between his son James
and Simon's daughter. He entrusted the boy to be educated in Montfort's care in
1211, but was soon forced to take up arms against him,
dying at the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213.
Montfort would willingly have used James as a means of extending his own power
had not the Aragonese and Catalans appealed to Pope
Innocent III, who insisted that Montfort surrender him. James was handed over,
at Carcassonne, in May or June 1214, to the papal legate Peter of Benevento.
"James was then sent to Monzón, where he was entrusted to the care of William of Montredon, the head of the Knights Templar in Spain and
Provence; the regency meanwhile fell to his great uncle Sancho, Count of
Roussillon, and his son, the king's cousin, Nuño. The
kingdom was given over to confusion until, in 1217, the Templars and some of
the more loyal nobles brought the young king to Zaragoza.[2]
"In 1221, he was
married to Eleanor, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonora of England.
The next six years of his reign were full of rebellions on the part of the
nobles. By the Peace of Alcalá of 31 March 1227, the
nobles and the king came to terms.[3]
"In 1228, James faced the
sternest opposition from a vassal yet. Guerau IV de
Cabrera had occupied the County of Urgell in
opposition to Aurembiax, the heiress of Ermengol VIII, who had died without sons in 1208. While Aurembiax' mother, Elvira, had made herself a protegée of James' father, on her death (1220), Guerao had occupied the county and displaced Aurembiax, claiming that a woman could not inherit.
"James intervened on behalf of Aurembiax,
whom he owed protection. He bought Guerau off and
allowed Aurembiax to reclaim her territory, which she
did at Lleida, probably also becoming one of James' earliest mistresses.[4] She
surrendered Lleida to James and agreed to hold Urgell
in fief from him. On her death in 1231, James exchanged the Balearic Islands
for Urgell with her widower, Peter of Portugal.
"From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with Sancho VII of
Navarre, who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male
relative, Theobald IV of Champagne. James and Sancho negotiated a treaty
whereby James would inherit Navarre on the old Sancho's death, but when this
did occur, the Navarrese nobless instead elevated
Theobald to the throne (1234), and James disputed it. Pope Gregory IX was required
to intervene.[5] In the end, James accepted Theobald's succession.
"James endeavoured to form a
state straddling the Pyrenees, to counterbalance the power of France north of
the Loire. As with the much earlier Visigothic
attempt, this policy was victim to physical, cultural, and political obstacles.
As in the case of Navarre, he was too wise to launch into perilous adventures.
By the Treaty of Corbeil, signed in May 1258, he frankly withdrew from conflict
with Louis IX of France and was content with the recognition of his position,
and the surrender of antiquated and illusory French claims to the overlordship
of Catalonia.
"After his false start at uniting Aragon with the
Kingdom of Navarre through a scheme of mutual adoption, James turned to the south
and the Mediterranean Sea, where he conquered Majorca on 10 September in 1229
and the rest of the Balearic Islands; Minorca 1232; Ibiza 1235) and where
Valencia capitulated 28 September 1238.
"During his remaining two decades after Corbeil, James
warred with the Moors in Murcia, on behalf of his son-in-law Alfonso X of
Castile. On 26 March 1244, the two monarchs signed the Treaty of Almizra to determine the zones of their expansion into
Andalusia so as to prevent squabbling between them.
Specifically, it defined the borders of the newly-created
Kingdom of Valencia. James signed it on that date, but Alfonso did not affirm
it until much later. According to the treaty, all lands south of a line from Biar to Villajoyosa through Busot were reserved for Castile.
"Crusade of 1269
"The "khan of Tartary" (actually the Ilkhan)
Abaqa corresponded with James in early 1267, inviting
him to join forces with the Mongols and go on Crusade.[6] James sent an
ambassador to Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de
Perpignan, who returned with a Mongol embassy in 1269.[7] Pope Clement IV tried
to dissuade James from Crusading, regarding his moral character as sub-par, and
Alfonso X did the same. Nonetheless, James, who was then campaigning in Murcia,
made peace with Mohammed I ibn Nasr, the Sultan of Granada, and set about
collecting funds for a Crusade. After organising the
government for his absence and assembling a fleet at Barcelona in September
1269, he was ready to sail east. The troubadour Olivier lo Templier
composed a song praising the voyage and hoping for its success. A storm,
however, drove him off course and he landed at Aigues-Mortes.
According to the continuator of William of Tyre, he
returned via Montpellier por l'amor
de sa dame Berenguiere
("for the love his lady Berengaria") and abandoned any further effort
at a Crusade. I
"James'
bastard sons Pedro Fernández and Fernán
Sánchez, who had been given command of part of the fleet, did continue on their
way to Acre, where they arrived in December. They found that Baibars, the Mameluke sultan of Egypt, had broken his truce
with the Kingdom of Jerusalem and was making a demonstration of his military
power in front of Acre. During the demonstration, Egyptian troops hidden in the
bushes ambushed a returning Frankish force which had been in Galilee. James'
sons, initially eager for a fight, changed their minds after this spectacle and
returned home via Sicily, where Fernán Sánchez was
knighted by Charles of Anjou."
According to Wikipedia: "Violant
of Hungary (Esztergom, Kingdom of Hungary, c. 1216 – 1253) was Queen consort of
James I of Aragon. She is also called Jolánta in
Hungarian, Iolanda or Violant
d'Hongria in Catalan and Yolanda or Violante de Hungría in Spanish. Violant was a daughter of Andrew II of Hungary and Violant of Courtenay."
James = son of
Generation 28
0.11011101101101111001100011 Peter II of Aragon (1174- Sept. 12, 1213) md. 0.1101110110110111100110001
Marie of Montpellier (1182 -
April 18, 1213) Montpellier Family
According
to Wikipedia: "Peter II of Aragon (1174 – September 12, 1213), surnamed
the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as
Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
"He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal
supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing
to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He
was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
"On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier,
daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia
Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon
discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and
marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died
in Rome in 1213.
"He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that
marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian
peninsula.
"Peter returned from Las Navas
in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling
Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter
crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in
September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of
Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out
Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
"The Battle of Muret began on
September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were
disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter
himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died
as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and
killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when
their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won
the day.
"Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son
by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror."
According to Wikipedia: "Marie of Montpellier (adapted
from Occitan: Maria de Montpelhièr) (1182 – 18 April
1213) was the daughter of William VIII of Montpellier and Eudokia
Komnene. A condition of the marriage was that the
firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on
William's death.
Marie married Barral of Marseille
in 1192 or shortly before, but was widowed in that
year. Her second marriage, in 1197, was to Bernard IV of Comminges,
and her father now insisted on her giving up her right to inherit Montpellier.
Marie had two daughters by Bernard, Mathilde and Petronille.
The marriage was, however, notoriously polygamous, Bernard having two other
living wives. It was annulled (some say on Marie's insistence, some say on that
of Peter II of Aragon) and the annulment meant that
she was once more heir to Montpellier.
"William had died in 1202. Marie's half-brother,
William's son by Agnes of Castile, William, had taken control of the city, but
Marie asserted her right to it. On 15 June 1204 she married Peter II and was recognised as Lady of Montpellier. Her son by Peter, James,
the future James the Conqueror, was born on 1 February 1208. Peter immediately
attempted to divorce her, hoping both to marry Maria of Montferrat, Queen of
Jerusalem, and to claim Montpellier for himself. Marie's last years were spent
in combating these political and matrimonial manoeuvres.
Pope Innocent III finally decided in her favour,
refusing to permit the divorce. Both Marie and Peter died in 1213; James
inherited Aragon and Montpellier."
Peter = son of
Generation 29
0.110111011011011110011000111 Alfonso II of
Aragon the Chaste or the Troubadour (1157 - 1196) reigned 1162 to 1196 md. 0.110111011011011110011000110 Sancha of Castile (Sept. 21, 1154 or 1155 - Nov. 9, 1208) daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110001101 King
Alfonso VII of Castile by his second queen, 0.1101110110110111100110001100 Richeza of Poland (1140- June 16,
1185) the daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110001100 1 Vladislav II, Duke of Silesia.
We are also descended from
Alfonso II Count of Provence another son of Alfonso II of Aragon
According to Wikipedia:
"Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and
Barcelona) (Huesca, 1157 – Perpignan, 1196), called the Chaste or the
Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his
death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of
Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also
Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, like his successors,
especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count
of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. His reign has been characterised
by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or
"the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite various lands on both
sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona.
"Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon
Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon
and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.
"For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII
of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa
kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to
Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.
"Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and
Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the
latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa
Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of
the Castilian king.
"Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of
Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along
the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern
areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured
to Aragon.
"During his reign Aragonese
influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith, a natural tendency given
the affinity between the Occitan and Catalan dominions of the Crown of Aragon.
His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to
him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would
cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved
highly beneficial, strengthening Aragonese trade and
stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the
newly reconquered lands in Aragon.
"In 1186, he helped establish Aragonese
influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa,
the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison
II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to
Peter of Serra.
"Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the
Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which
would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the
year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region
for harnessing water power and river diversion for the
purpose of building central heating.
"He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of
King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently
composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh,
forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured
by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was
taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen
on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha
and Perdigon.
"Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by
many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of
Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commended Alfonso's
decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had
preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel."
According to Wikipedia: "Infanta Sancha
of Castile (September 21, 1154 or 1155 – November 9,
1208, Sijena) was the only child of King Alfonso VII
of Castile by his second queen, Richeza of Poland,
who was the daughter of Vladislav II, Duke of Silesia.
"On January 18, 1174 in
Saragossa she married King Alfonso II of Aragon. They had 9 children, but only
seven would survive into adulthood:
* Constance of Aragon married King Imre
of Hungary and later, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Leonor married Count Raymond VI of Toulouse
* Peter II of Aragon (I of Barcelona), b. 1174, killed at
the Battle of Muret, September 12, 1213
* Dolça (nun)
* Alfonso II, Count of Provence, b. 1180, d. 1209
* Fernando, Abbot of Montearagon,
d. after 1227
* Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s
"A patroness of troubadours such as Giraud de Calanson and Peire Raymond, the
queen became involved in a legal dispute with her husband concerning properties
which formed part of her dower estates. In 1177 she entered the county of Ribagorza and took forcible possession of various castles
and fortresses which had belonged to the crown there.
"After her husband died at Perpignan in 1196, Sancha was relegated to the background of political affairs
by her son Pedro II, and she retired from court, withdrawing to the abbey of
Nuestra Senora, at Sijena, which she had founded.
There she assumed the cross of the Order of St John of Jerusalem which she wore
till the end of her life. The queen mother entertained her widowed daughter
Queen Constanza of Hungary (1179-1222) at Sijena
prior to her leaving Aragon for her marriage with the emperor Frederick II in
1208. She died soon afterwards, aged fifty-four, and was interred before the
high altar of the church at Sijena."
Alfonso = son of
Generation 30
0.1101110110110111100110001111
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (c. 1113 - Aug. 6,
1162) Crusader md. 0.1101110110110111100110001110
Peronila of Aragon (1135 - Oct. 17,
1174)
According to Wikipedia: "Ramon
Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona also called Ramon
the Holy (c. 1113 – 6 August 1162) effected the union between Aragon and
Catalonia.
"He inherited the county of Barcelona from his father
Ramon Berenguer III on August 19, 1131. On August 11,
1137 in Huesca he was betrothed to the infant
Petronila of Aragon, aged one at the time. Her father, Ramiro II of Aragon the
Monk, who sought Barcelona's aid against Alfonso VII of Castile, abdicated on
November 13 that same year, leaving his kingdom to Ramon Berenguer.
The latter essentially became ruler of Aragon, although he was never king
himself, but instead Count of Barcelona, Prince of the Kingdom of Aragon. He
was the last Catalan ruler to use the title of Count as his first; starting
with his son Alfonso II of Aragon the counts of Barcelona styled themselves, in
the first place, as kings of Aragon.
"The treaty between Ramon Berenguer
and his father-in-law stipulated that their descendants would rule jointly over
both realms. Even should Petronila die before the marriage could be
consummated, Berenguer would still inherit the title
of King of Aragon. Both realms would preserve their laws, institutions
and autonomy, remaining legally distinct but federated in a dynastic union
under one ruling House. Historians consider this arrangement the political
masterstroke of the Hispanic Middle Ages. Both realms gained greater strength
and security and Aragon got its much needed outlet to
the sea. On the other hand, formation of a new political entity in the
north-east at a time when Portugal seceded from Leon in the west gave more
balance to the Christian kingdoms of the peninsula. Ramon Berenguer
successfully pulled Aragon out of its pledged submission to Castile, aided no
doubt by the beauty and charm of his sister Berenguela,
wife of Alfonso the Emperor, for which she was well-known in her time.
"In the middle years of his rule, his attention turned
to campaigns against the Moors. In October 1147, as part of the Second Crusade,
he helped Castile to conquer Almería. He then invaded the lands of the
Almoravid taifa kingdom of Valencia and Murcia. In
December 1148, he captured Tortosa after a five-month
siege with the help of French and Genoese crusaders.[1] The next year, Fraga,
Lleida and Mequinenza in the confluence of the Segre
and Ebro rivers fell to his army. The reconquista of
modern Catalonia was completed.
"Ramon Berenger also campaigned in Provence, helping
his brother Berenguer Ramon and his infant nephew
Ramon Berenguer II against Counts of Toulouse. During
the minority of Ramon Berenger II the Count of Barcelona also acted as the
regent of Provence (between 1144 and 1157). In 1151, Ramon signed the Treaty of
Tudilén with Alfonso VII of León. The treaty defined
the zones of conquest in Andalusia in order to prevent
the two rulers from coming into conflict. Also in 1151, Ramon Berenguer founded and endowed the royal monastery of Poblet. In 1154, he accepted the regency of Gaston V of Béarn in return for the Bearnese
nobles rendering him homage at Canfranc, thus uniting that small principality
with the growing Aragonese empire.
"He died in 1162 in Borgo Sam Dalmazzo,
Piedmont, Italy, leaving the title of Count of Barcelona to his eldest son Ramon
Berenguer, who next year inherited the title of King
of Aragon from her mother's abdication Petronila of Aragon (Ramiro II was
already dead), and, in compliment to the Aragonese,
changed his name to Alfonso and became Alfonso II of Aragon. Ramon Berenguer's younger son Pedro inherited the county of Cerdanya and lands north of the Pyrenees."
According to Wikipedia: "Petronila, Petronilla, or
Petronella (Aragonese and Catalan: Peronella; Spanish: Petronila Ramírez) (1135 – October 17,
1174, Barcelona) was Queen of Aragon from 1137 until 1162. She was the daughter
of Ramiro II, King of Aragon, and Agnes of Aquitaine.
"Petronila came to the throne through special
circumstances. Her father, Ramiro, was bishop of Barbastro-Roda
when his brother, Alfonso I, died heirless in 1134. As king, Ramiro received a
papal dispensation to abdicate from his monastic vows in
order to secure the succession to the throne. King Ramiro the Monk, as
he is known, married Agnes, daughter of Duke Wiliam
IX of Aquitaine and Gascony, and through her produced an heiress, Petronila. At
two years old, Petronila was bethrothed to Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona and, immediately
thereafter, Ramiro abdicated in favour of the count
and returned to monastic life.
"Petronila married Ramon Berenguer
in 1150. Upon his death, Petronila renounced the crown of Aragon in favour of her eldest son, Ramon, who, in compliment to the Aragonese, changed his name to Alfonso. Her son was the
first ruler of both Aragon and Catalonia (where he is known as Alfons I) thereby establishing the dynastic union between
the two countries that lasted until the Crown of Aragon was dissolved in
1707."
Ramon = son of
Generation 31
0.11011101101101111001100011111
King Ramiro II of Aragon (c. 1075 - Aug. 16,
1157) reigned 1134-1137 md. 0.11011101101101111001100011110 Agnes (d. c. 1160),
daughter of 0.110111011011011110011000111101
Duke William IX of Aquitaine
According
to Wikipedia: "Ramiro II (c.1075–16 August 1157,
Huesca), called the Monk, was King of Aragon from 1134 until 1137. He was the
youngest son of Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragon and Navarre, and Felicia of Roucy.
"He spent most of his early life as monk
in a French monastery and later as abbot of St. Peter at Huesca. In 1134, when
his brother Alfonso the Battler died heirless, Ramiro was bishop of Barbastro-Roda. He temporarily gave up his monastic vows in order to secure the succession to the crown of Aragon,
while losing Navarre, which had formed part of his late brother's dominions but
in 1134 became independent under García Ramírez. He fought off two other
claimants to the throne, one, Pedro de Atarés,
descended from an illegitimate brother of king Sancho Ramírez, and the other,
Alfonso VII, king of Castile.
"The reign of
Ramiro the Monk, as he is known, was tumultuous. At the beginning of his reign he had problems with his nobles, who thought he would
be docile and easily steered to their wishes, but discovered him to be
inflexible. In order to produce an heir, he married
Agnes, daughter of Duke William IX of Aquitaine. Once wed, his wife bore a
daughter, Petronila, who was betrothed to Ramon Berenguer
IV at the age of two. The marriage contract, signed at Barbastro on 11 August
1137, made Petronila the heiress to the crown of Aragon, which in event of her
childless death would pass to Ramon Berenguer and any
children he might have by another wife. Ramon accepted Ramiro as "King,
Lord and Father", renounced his family name in favor of the House of
Aragon and united the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom. This union, which
came to be called the Confederacion Catalanoaragonesa (Catalan-Aragonese
Confederation), created the Crown of Aragon, returning the 'pocket kingdom' of
Aragon to the position of peninsular power it had held prior to the loss of
Navarre, as well as giving it a window to the Western Mediterranean it would
come to dominate.
"In the time between his accession and the betrothal of
his daughter, Ramiro II had already had to put down a rebellion of the nobles,
and knowing himself not to be a war king, he passed royal authority to
son-in-law Ramon Berenguer on 13 November 1137. Ramon
became the "Prince of the Aragonesse
people" and effective chief of the kingdom's armies. While Ramiro never
formally resigned his royal rights and kept aware of the business of the
kingdom, he then withdrew from public life, retiring to the San Pedro Monastery
in Huesca. He later became known for the famous and passionate legend of the
Bell of Huesca. He died there 16 August 1157, the crown then formally passing
to his daughter Petronila."
According to Wikipedia: "Agnes of Aquitaine was a
daughter of Duke William IX of Aquitaine.
She first married Aimery V of Thouars.
In her second marriage, she bore Petronila of Aragon, the daughter and heiress
of Ramiro II of Aragon."
Ramiro = son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011011110011000111111 King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon and
Navarre (c. 1042 - June 4, 1094and Navarre md. 0.110111011011011110011000111110 Felicia of Roucy, daugher of 0.110111011011011110011000111110
Count Hilduin
III of Roucy
According
to Wikipedia: "Sancho Ramírez (c. 1042 – 4 June 1094, Huesca) was king of
Aragon (1063-1094, not formally until 1076) and king of Navarre (1076-1094, as
Sancho V). He was the son of Ramiro I of Aragon and Ermesinde
of Bigorre, and he succeeded his father in 1063.
"Between 1067 and 1068, the War of the Three Sanchos
involved him in a conflict with his first cousins, both also named Sancho:
Sancho IV the king of Navarre and Sancho II the king of Castile, respectively.
The Castilian Sancho was trying to retake Bureba and
Alta Rioja, which his father had given away to king of Navarre and failed to
retake. The Navarrese Sancho begged the aid of the Aragonese
Sancho to defend his kingdom. Sancho of Castile defeated the two cousins and
retook both Bureba and Alta Rioja, as well as Álava.
"Sancho Ramírez
followed his father's practice, not using the royal title early in his reign
even though his state had become fully independent. This changed in 1076, when
Sancho IV of Navarre was murdered by his own siblings, thus prompting a
succession crisis in this neighboring kingdom that represented Aragon's nominal
overlord. At first, the murdered king's young son, García, who had fled to
Castile, was recognized as titular king by Alfonso VI, while Sancho Ramírez
recruited to his side noblemen of Navarre who resented their kingdom falling
under Alfonso's influence. The crisis was resolved by partition. Sancho Ramírez
was elected King of Navarre, while he ceded previously contested western
provinces of the kingdom to Alfonso. From this time, Sancho refers to himself
as king not only of Navarre but also Aragon.
"Sancho conquered Barbastro in 1064, Graus in 1083, and Monzón in
1089.
"He married first in c.1065
(divorced 1071), Isabel of Urgel (d. c.1071), daughter of Count Armengol
III of Urgel and second in 1076, Felicie
of Roucy (d May 3, 1123), daughter of Count Hilduin III of Roucy. A third
marriage - to Philippa of Toulouse - is sometimes given but other evidence
records him as still married to Felicie at the time
of his death.
"He perished in 1094 at the Siege of Huesca.
"He was father of three sons: by Isabel, he had Peter;
by Felicie he had Alfonso and Ramiro. All three
succeeded in turn to the throne of Aragon."
Sancho = son of
Generation 33
0.1101110110110111100110001111111
King Ramiro I of Aragon (b.
before 1007 d. May 8, 1063) md. Aug. 22, 1036 0.1101110110110111100110001111110 Gisberga AKA Emesinde of Bigorre, daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011111101 Bernard Roger of Bigorre (c. 962 - c.
1034) count of Couserans, son of 0.110111011011011110011000111111011 Roger I of Carcassonne
According
to Wikipedia: "Ramiro I (bef.1007 - 8 May 1063)
is usually credited with being the first King of Aragon. Apparently born before
1007, he was the natural son of Sancho III of Navarre by his mistress Sancha de Aybar. Ramiro was
reputed to have been adopted by his father's wife Mayor after he was the only
of his father's children to come to her aid when needed, although there is no
surviving record of these events, and the story is probably apocryphal.
"During his father's reign, he appeared as
witness of royal charters starting in 1011, and was
given numerous properties in the county of Aragon, and by the division of
Sancho's realm on the latter's death in 1035, the county of Aragon fell to
Ramiro with the title of baiulus or steward. The
foundation traditions of the Kingdom of Aragon would make him the first king,
(he is, on account of the small size of his Pyrenean kingdom with its capital
at Jaca, sometimes called a "petty king") and he was called king by
his vassals, neighbors, the church and even his sons, yet he referred to
himself always as simply Ranimiro Sancioni
regis filio (Ramiro, son of
King Sancho). Likewise, in his wills, he refers to his lands as simply having
been given him in stewardship by his half-brother García and by God. He is
likewise called regulus (rather than rex used for García) and quasi pro rege (acting as if king) in charters from Navarre.
"Ramiro sought to enlarge his
lands at the expense of both the Moors and his brother, García. Shortly after
the death of his father (the date variously placed from 1036 to 1043), he
supported the emir of Tudela in an invasion of the
Kingdom of Navarre of his brother García. He was defeated in the Battle of
Tafalla, but out of the conflict gained lands, including Sanguesa,
and established a state of semi-autonomy. In 1043, apparently with the approval
of García, he annexed Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, previously held by his youngest legitimate
half-brother, Gonzalo.
"Before he was married, Ramiro had a mistress named Amuña with whom he had a natural son, Sancho Ramírez, in
whom he confided the government of the county of Ribagorza.
"Ramiro wed his first wife, Gisberga,
daughter of Bernard Roger of Bigorre, on 22 August
1036. She changed her name to Ermesinda on marrying
him. Together the couple had five children:
* Sancho Ramírez, his successor
* García, Bishop of Jaca
* Sancha, married Armengol III of Urgel
* Urraca, nun in Santa Cruz de la Serós
* Theresa, married William Bertrand
"Ramiro's second wife was Agnes (Inés), a daughter of
the Duke of Aquitaine. Ramiro set the advance from Aragon toward Huesca and Zaragossa, after annexation of Ribagorza
and Sobrarbe. The first charter for the royal town of
Jaca is attributed to him, that will set the example of an ideal community
(included well defined laws of protection even to non
residents) for later urban rights until late in the Middle Ages.
"Ramiro died at the Battle of Graus
in 1063 while trying to take the city."
According to Wikipedia: "Bernard Roger (c.962 – c.1034) was the count of Couserans, in which capacity he was lord of parts of Comminges and Foix.
He was the son of count Roger I of Carcassonne. His elder
brother, Raymond I of Carcassonne inherited the county of Carcassonne and the
remaining part of the lordship of Comminges. Bernard
Rogers comital status is attested in the donation to the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire
in 1011.
He is the founder of the House of Foix which ruled that
county for centuries. During his father's lifetime, he married Arsinde, or Garsenda, the heiress
of the county of Bigorre.
He built the square tower of the castle at Foix in France
and made it his capital, from which a town group up. He had endowed the
monastery at Foix and in it he was buried when he died at the ripe old age of
seventy-two."
Ramiro = son of
Generation 34
0.11011101101101111001100011111111 King Sancho III Garces of Navarre the
Great (late 10th
century = Oct. 18, 1035) mated with Sancha de Aybar
According to Wikipedia: "Sancho III Garcés (late 10th century – 18 October 1035), called the
Great (Spanish: el Mayor or el
Grande), was King of Navarre (which included the County of Aragon) from 1004
until his death and claimed the overlordship of the County of Castile from 1017
to his death, appearing in a charter as "king in Castile". Between
1015 and 1019, he conquered Sobrarbe and Ribagorza.
"During his lifetime, he was
the most important Christian monarch of the Iberian Peninsula, bearing, in
various media, the title of rex Hispaniarum. Having
gone further than any of his predecessors in uniting the divided kingdoms of
Iberia, his life's work was undone when he divided his domains shortly before
his death to provide for each of his sons. The Kingdom of Navarre existed for
almost six centuries after his death, but was never as
powerful again.
"Sancho was born around 985 (or even 992 or later) to
García Sánchez II the Tremulous and Jimena Fernández, daughter of the count of Cea on the Galician frontier. He was raised in Leyra. He became king in 1004, inheriting the kingdom of
Pamplona (later known as Navarre). He was initially under a council of regency
led by the bishops, his mother Jimena, and grandmother Urraca
Fernández.
Sancho aspired to unify the Christian principalities in the
face of the fragmentation Muslim Spain into the taifa
kingdoms following the Battle of Calatañazor. In
about 1010 he married Muniadona Mayor, daughter of
Sancho García of Castile, and in 1015 he began a policy of expansion. He
displaced Muslim control in the depopulated former county of Sobrarbe, and
profited from the internal difficulties in Ribagorza
to annex that county between 1016 and 1019, a conquest initiated before the
1017 death of his brother-in-law left his wife with a distant claim. In 1025 he
received the submission, as vassal, of Raymond III of Pallars
Jussà, who had also been a Ribagorza
claimant. He also forced Berengar Raymond I of
Barcelona to become his vassal, though he was already a vassal of the French
king. Berengar met Sancho in Zaragoza and in Navarre
many times to confer on a mutual policy against the counts of Toulouse.
"In 1016, Sancho fixed the border between Navarre and
Castile, part of the good relationship he established by marrying Muña Mayor Sánchez (Muniadona),
daughter of Sancho García of Castile. In 1017, he became the protector of
Castile for the young García Sánchez. However, relations between the three
Christian entities of León, Castile, and Navarre soured after the assassination
of Count García in 1027. He had been bethrothed to Sancha, daughter of Alfonso V, who was set thus to gain
from Castile lands between the rivers Cea and Pisuerga (as the price for approving the marital pact). As
García arrived in León for his wedding, he was killed by the sons of a noble he
had expelled from his lands.
"Sancho III had opposed the wedding—and the ensuing
Leonese expansion—and received a chance to act upon García's death. As the late
count's brother-in-law, he immediately occupied Castile and was soon engaged in
a full-scale war with León under Alfonso's successor, Vermudo
III. The combined Castilian and Navarrese armies quickly overran Vermudo's kingdom, occupying Astorga.
By March 1033, he was king from Zamora to the borders of Barcelona.
"In 1034, even the city of León, the imperiale culmen (imperial capital, as Sancho saw it),
fell, and there Sancho had himself crowned again. This was the height of
Sancho's rule which now extended from the borders of Galicia in the west to the
county of Barcelona in the east.
"In 1035, he refounded the
diocese of Palencia, which had been laid waste by the Moors. He gave the see
and its several abbacies to Bernard, of French or Navarrese origin, to whom he
also gave the secular lordship (as a feudum), which
included many castles in the region.
"Taking residence in Nájera
instead of the traditional capital of Pamplona, as his realm grew larger, he
considered himself a European monarch, establishing relations on the other side
of the Pyrenees. He was assassinated at Aguilar de Bureba
on 18 October 1035 and was buried in the monastery of San Salvador of Oña, an enclave in Burgos, under the inscription Sancius, gratia Dei, Hispaniarum
rex.
Sancho established relations with the Duchy of Gascony,
probably of a suzerain-vassal nature, him being the suzerain.[1] In consequence
of his relationship with the monastery of Cluny, he improved the road from
Gascony to León. This road would begin to bring increased traffic down to
Iberia as pilgrims flocked to Santiago de Compostela. Because of this, Sancho
ranks as one of the first great patrons of the Saint James Way.
"Sancho VI of Gascony was a relative of Sancho of
Navarre and he spent a portion of his life at the royal court in Pamplona. He
also partook alongside Sancho the Great in the Reconquista. In 1010, the two
Sanchos appeared together with Robert II of France and William V of Aquitaine,
neither of whom was the Gascon duke's suzerain, at Saint-Jean d'Angély. After Sancho VI's death (1032), Sancho the Great
extended his authority definitively into Gascony, where he began to mention his
authority as extending as far as the Garonne in the documents issued by his
chancery.
"In southern Gascony, Sancho created a series of
viscounties: Labourd (between 1021 and 1023), Bayonne
(1025), and Baztán (also 1025).
"He introduced French feudal theories and ecclesiastic
and intellectual currents into Iberia. Through his close ties with the count of
Barcelona and the duke of Gascony and his friendship with the monastic reformer
Abbot Oliva, Sancho established relations with several of the leading figures
north of the Pyrenees, most notably Robert II of France, William V of
Aquitaine, William II and Alduin II of Angoulême, and Odo II of Blois
and Champagne] It was through this circle that the Cluniac reforms first
probably influenced his thinking. In 1024 a Navarrese monk, Paterno from Cluny,
returned to Navarre and was made abbot of San Juan de la Peña, where he
instituted the Cluniac custom and founded thus the first Cluniac house in
Iberia west of Catalonia, under the patronage of Sancho. The Mozarabic rite
continued to be practiced at San Juan, and the view that Sancho spread the
Cluniac usage to other houses in his kingdom has been discredited by Justo
Pérez de Urbel. Sancho sowed the seeds of the Cluniac
reform and of the adoption of the Roman rite, but he did not widely enact them.
"Sancho also began the Navarrese series of currency by
minting what the Encyclopaedia Britannica calls
"deniers of Carolingian influence." The division of his realm upon
his death, the concepts of vassalage and suzerainty, and the use of the phrase
"by the grace of God" (Dei gratia) after his title were imported from
France, with which he tried to maintain relations. For this he has been called
the "first Europeaniser of Iberia."
"His most obvious legacy, however, was the temporary
union of all Christian Iberia. At least nominally, he ruled over León, the
ancient capital of the kingdom won from the Moors in the eighth century, and
Barcelona, the greatest of the Catalan cities. Though he divided the realm at
his death, thus creating the enduring legacy of Castilian and Aragonese kingdoms, he left all his lands in the hands of
one dynasty, the Jiménez, which kept the kingdoms allied by blood until the
twelfth century. He made the Navarrese pocket kingdom strong, politically
stable, and independent, preserving it for the remainder of the Middle Ages. It
is for this that his seal has been appropriated by Basque nationalism. Though,
by dividing the realm, he isolated the kingdom and inhibited its ability to gain
land at the expense of the Moslems. Summed up, his reign defined the political
geography of Iberia until its union under the Catholic Monarchs.
"Throughout his long reign, Sancho used a myriad of
titles. After his coronation in León, he styled himself rex Dei gratia Hispaniarum, or "by the grace of God, king of the Spains," and may have minted coins with the legend
"NAIARA/IMPERATOR". The use of the first
title implied his kingship over all the independently founded Iberian kingdoms
and the use of the form Dei gratia, adopted from French practice, stressed that
his right to rule was of divine origin and sustenance. The latter, imperial
title was only rarely employed, for it is not documented, being found only on
coins only probably datable to his reign. It is not unlikely, however, that he
desired to usurp the imperial title which the kings of León had thitherto
carried.
"Despite this, the contemporary ecclesiastic Abbot
Oliva only ever acknowledged Sancho as rex Ibericus
or rex Navarrae Hispaniarum,
while he called both Alfonso V and Vermudo III
emperor. The first title considers Sancho as king of all Iberia, as does the
second, though it stresses his kingship over Navarre alone as if it had been
extended to authority over the whole Christian portion of the peninsula.
"To the Moors, he was always only Baskunish,
the "lord of the Basques."
"Besides four legitimate sons by Mayor, Sancho also
fathered one by his mistress Sancha de Aybar named Ramiro, who was the eldest of his sons but, as
a bastard, not entitled to succeed. Before his death
in 1035, Sancho divided his possessions among his sons. García received Navarre
and the Basque country with a certain seniority over his brothers, Ferdinand
had received Castile on the death of count García Sánchez, and Gonzalo got Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. The
illegitimate son was given property in the former county of Aragón, with the
provision that he ask for no more of his brother
García. Sancho left a younger son who did not partake in the inheritance,
Bernard. He left two daughters, Mayor and Jimena, who married Vermudo III."
Sancho = son of
Generation 35
0.110111011011011110011000111111111 King Garcia
Sanchez II the Tremulous of Pamploma (later called
Navarre) and count of Aragon (d. 1004) reigned 994-1004 md.
0.110111011011011110011000111111110 Jimena
Fernandez, daughter
of 0.1101110110110111100110001111111101 The
Count of Cea
According
to Wikipedia: "García Sánchez II, sometimes García II, III, IV or V (died
1004), called the Trembling, the Tremulous, or the Trembler (in Spanish, el Temblón) by his
contemporaries, was the king of Pamplona and count of Aragón from 994 until his
death. He was the son of King Sancho II and Urraca
Fernández.
"Throughout his reign, his foreign policy
seems to have been closely linked to that of Castile. His mother was aunt of
count Sancho García of Castile, and also of the
powerful count of Saldaña, García Gómez of Carrión, and she appears to have played a role in forming a
bridge between the kingdom and county.
"He joined his
cousin Sancho in attempting to break from the submission his father had offered
to Córdoba, as a result of which he had to face Almanzor. In 996 he was forced to seek peace in Córdoba. In
997 during an expedition into the land of Calatayud,
García killed the governor's brother. Almanzor took
revenge by beheading 50 Christians. At the Battle of Cervera
in July 1000, he allied with counts Sancho García of Castile, and García Gómez
of Saldaña, to defeat and nearly rout Almanzor, and tradition names him one of the Christian
leaders at the 1002 Battle of Calatañazor, which
resulted in the death of Almanzor, and the consequent
crisis in the Caliphate of Córdoba. He died 1004, when his son Sancho succeeded
to the kingdom.
"Domestically, he granted the rule in Aragon to his
brother Gonzalo, under the tutelage of his mother Urraca.
A tradition reports that he freed all of the Muslim
captives being held in the kingdom. He had married by August 981, Jimena,
daughter of Ferdinand Vermúdez, count of Cea by Elvira Díaz (aunt of count García Gómez of Saldaña). Among their children were the future king Sancho Garcés III and Urraca, later the
second wife of Alfonso V of Leon."
Garcia Sanchez = son of
Generation 36
0.1101110110110111100110001111111111 King Sancho II of Pamplona (later
called Navarre) and Count of Aragon (b. after 935 d. Dec. 994) reigned 970-994 md. 0.1101110110110111100110001111111110 Urraca Fernandez, daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011111111100 Sancha, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011000111111111001
Sancho I of Pamplona
According
to Wikipedia: "Sancho II Garcés Abarca (after 935 – December 994) was the Jiménez King of
Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 970 until his death. He was the son of García
Sánchez I and Andregota, daughter and heiress of
Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon. After his
succession, he recognised his younger brother Ramiro
as King of Viguera.
"The Historia General de Navarra by Jaime del Burgo
says (referencing in turn the Anales del Reino de Navarra of José de Moret)
that on the occasion of the donation of the villa of Alastue by Sancho to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña
in 987, he titled himself "King of Navarre," the first time that
title had been used. In other places, he appears as the first King of Aragon
and in others the third. These titles, however, did not come into common usage
until the late eleventh century. The epithet "Abarca,"
meaning "sandal," is not contemporary, but is medieval.
"Under Sancho and
his immediate successors, Navarre reached the height of its power and its
largest size. During this period, the Navarre was united to the Kingdom of León
and the County of Castile by familial bonds. The Navarrese monarchy supported
the young Ramiro II when he secured the throne of León.
"Upon the death of the Caliph of Cordoba, Al-Hakam II,
in 976, and the succession of his son Hisham II, who had been taught by
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, the prospects of the Christian kingdoms seemed dim.
The troops of Al-Mansur defeated the Christians at Torrevicente,
south of Soria. Afterwards, the Muslims returned to triumph at Taracueña, near Osma. In 975,
Sancho was defeated by the Moors at San Esteban de Gormaz,
and in 981 at Rueda, a dozen kilometers from Tordesillas, the Christians
suffered another humiliating defeat.
"Because he could not defeat Al-Mansur by arms, Sancho
went to Córdoba as an ambassador for his own kingdom, bringing many gifts for
the victorious Al-Mansur, making a pact with him and agreeing to give the
Muslim his daughter Urraca in marriage. From this
union was born Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, the second
successor of Al-Mansur who tried to usurp the Caliphate of Córdoba from the
Umayyad heir.
"In 972, he founded the monastery of San Andrés de Cirueña. In 976, at the monastery of Albelda,
the cultural and intellectual centre of his kingdom,
the Codex Vigilanus was completed. It is one of the
most important illuminated manuscripts of medieval Spain, containing the canons
of the Councils of Toledo, a copy of the Liber Iudiciorum,
and the first Western representation of the Arabic numerals, among many other
texts.
"Sancho married Urraca, the
daughter of the Castilian count Fernán González and Sancha, Sancho's aunt. The marriage occurred after 962 and
before 970. Before 950, Urraca had been married twice
previously, to Ordoño III and Ordoño
IV of León, from both of whom she separated. Sancho was her third and last
husband. Their children were:
* García Sánchez II
* Ramiro (died 992)
* Gonzalo, was given the county of Aragon under the regency
of his mother
* Urraca (Abda)
the Basque, given to Al-Mansur before entering a convent."
According to Wikipedia: "Urraca
Fernández (died 1007), infanta of Fernán González of
Castile, was the queen consort of two Kings of León and one King of Navarre
between 951 and 994. She acted as regent for her son Gonzalo, who had been
given the County of Aragon, and later was co-regent of the Kingdom of Navarre,
along with her daughter-in-law Jimena Fernández and the bishops of Navarre, of
her grandson Sancho III.
"She was first married by her father to Ordoño III of León in 951. Fernán's
support of Sancho the Fat cost her her husband's affection and she was
repudiated in 956. By him she had two, and possibly three children:
* Ordoño, who
died young
* Theresa, who became a nun
* (perhaps) Bermudo II of León,
whose maternity is subject to scholarly debate
"In 958, after Ordoño's
death, she was remarried to Ordoño IV. He died in
960.
"Her third and most important marriage was contracted
in 970 to Sancho II of Pamplona. Both Sancho and Urraca
were grandchildren of Sancho I of Pamplona, because Urraca's
mother was Sancho I's daughter Sancha. With Sancho,
she had several children:
* García Sánchez II of Pamplona
* Ramiro (died 992)
* Gonzalo, who ruled the County of Aragon with Urraca as regent
* Abda (Urraca)
the Basque, given to Almanzor before entering a
convent."
Sancho = son of
Generation 37
0.11011101101101111001100011111111111
King Garcia
Sanchez I of
Pamplona (later called Navarre) (c. 919 - 970) md.
0.11011101101101111001100011111111110
Andregota, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011000111111111101 Galindo Aznarez II, Count of
Aragon (d. 922), son of0.1101110110110111100110001111111111011 Aznar Galindez II, Count of Aragon reigned 867-893 md. 0.1101110110110111100110001111111111010
Oneca,
daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011111111110101
King Garcia
Iniguez of Pamplona (d. 882), son of 0.11011101101101111001100011111111110101 King Inigo Arista of Pamplona (c. 790 - 851 or
852)
According to Wikipedia: "García Sánchez I, sometimes
García I, II, III or IV (c. 919 – 970) was the king of Pamplona from 931 until
his death in 970. He was the son of King Sancho I and Toda Aznárez.
Being just six years old at the time of his father's death, his uncle Jimeno Gárces succeeded, and it
was just in the last year of the latter's reign, in 930, that Garcia appears
with the royal title, but this was probably just a courtesy. On Jimeno's death, 12-year old García
succeeded, with his mother Toda serving as regent. This regency ended in 934,
when his first cousin Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III
intervened on his behalf, and García began to rule as sole king.
"With the support of his energetic and diplomatic
mother, García, like his father, engaged in a number of conflicts with the
Moors. He married his first cousin, Andregota Galíndez, daughter and coheiress of Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragón, having one son and heir,
Sancho, before divorcing her. He then married Teresa, daughter of Ramiro II of
León.
"García was succeeded by his son Sancho II Garcés, nicknamed Abarca. He also
created a novel kingdom centered at Viguera for his
eldest son by Teresa, Ramiro Garcés. By her he also
had son Jimeno, and a daughter, Urraca,
married firstly Fernán González of Castile and
secondly William II Sánchez of Gascony."
According to Wikipedia: "Andregota
Galíndez was daughter of Count Galindo II Aznárez Count of Aragon from 922, being by his second wife,
Sancha Garcés of Pamplona.
She is frequently referred to as Countess, and made heiress to her father, yet
she was not the eldest daughter of her father, and likewise Aragon had already
been absorbed into the Kingdom of Pamplona by Sancho I of Pamplona, years
before her marriage to that kings son, García Sánchez I. García, who was her
first cousin, divorced Andregota due to
consanguinity, leaving a sole son by her, Sancho II of Pamplona. It has been
suggested that Andregota remarried and had further
children, although the details have not been discovered. Andregota,
wife of 11th century count Sancho Maceratiz, calls
herself a descendant of Andregota Galíndez,
but Ubieto Arteta suggests
the later countess descended from Velasquita, sister
of Andregota Galíndez."
According to Wikiipedia:
"Galindo Aznárez II (died 922) was Count of
Aragón (893-922), the son and successor of Aznar Galíndez
II.
Galindo was one of a coalition that sponsored the 905 coup d'état in Pamplona in favor of his brother-in-law,
Sancho I of Pamplona. However, he turned on this new king and in 911 attacked
him in concert with brother-in-law Muhammad al-Tawil and Abd Allah ibn Lubb ibn Qasi. This coalition was
defeated, al-Tawil killed, and Galindo forced to become vassal of Sancho.
Galindo was married twice. By his first wife, Acibella Garcés of Gascony,
daughter of Count García II Sánchez of Gascony, he had sons Miro and Bishop Redemtus, along with daughter Toda, wife of Hunifred Bernat, count of Ribagorza, to whom she brought Sobrarbe.
By his second wife, Sancha Garcés
of Pamplona, daughter of García Jiménez and sister of Sancho I, he had Velasquita and Andregota Galíndez, who married García Sanchez, king of Pamplona
(925-970). He also sired several illegitimate sons: Guntoslo,
Sancho, Belasco, Banzo, and Aznar. The first of
these, Guntoslo, is apparently the man of this name
who would later be count of Aragon, but only as a fully subservient vassal of
his brother-in-law the king of Pamplona."
According to Wikipedia: "Aznar Galíndez
II was a Count of Aragón 867 – 893, son and successor of Galindo Aznárez I. Married Oneca,
daughter of the king of Pamplona, Garcia Iñíguez, and
had three children: his successor, Galindo Aznárez
II, a son García, and daughter Sancha, wife of
Muhammad al Tawil, wali of Huesca."
According to Wikipedia: "García Íñiguez, sometimes García
I, II, or III was king of Pamplona from 851/2 to his death in 882. He was
educated in Córdoba, as a guest at the court of the Emir of Córdoba. He was the
son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of their dynasty.
When his father was stricken by paralysis in 842, he became regent of the
kingdom (or perhaps co-regent with his uncle Fortún
Íñiguez). He and his kinsman M?s?
ibn M?s? ibn Fortún of the
Banu Qasi rebelled against the Cordoban
emir in 843. This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd-ar-Rahman
II, who attacked the Kingdom of Pamplona, defeating García badly and killing Fortún. At his father's death in 851/2, he succeeded to the
crown.
"Following the death of Íñigo
Arista, the Banu Qasi leader Musa ibn Musa pursued a
policy of closer allegiance with Muhammad I of Córdoba, leaving García to look
to Christian Asturias for an ally. In 859, Musa ibn Musa allowed a contingent
of Vikings to pass through his lands and attack Navarre, resulting in the
capture García, who was forced to pay at least 70,000 gold dinars in ransom.
Later the same year, Musa ibn Musa attacked the Pamplonese
city of Albelda. García and his new friend Ordoño I of Asturias together dealt Musa a crushing blow,
killing, it is said, 10,000 of his magnates in the Battle of Albelda. This, in turn, provoked a Muslim response and the
next year, 860, saw García's son and heir Fortún
captured and imprisoned by the Moors. He languished in Córdoba for the next 20
years. In 870, García formed an alliance with the Muslim rebel Amrus ibn Amr ibn Amrus, who had
killed Garcia's nephew Musa ibn Galindo of Huesca, and the next year was
apparently in a new alliance with the sons of Musa ibn Musa, now in rebellion
against Córdoba.
"García I favoured
the pilgrims who travelled to Santiago de Compostela, and attempted to
guarantee peace for that traffic.
"García's death has been subject to scholarly dispute,
a result of a paucity of records from the last years of his reign. The lack of
subsequent mention of him after 870 led to the suggestion that he died in that
year, and as his heir was in the hands of his enemies, it was argued that
García Jiménez then governed the kingdom as regent. García's son, Fortún Garcés, is then made to
succeed upon his released in 880. There is, however, no evidence for such a
regency, and Sanchéz Albornoz
has cited evidence that García was still living at the time of his son's
return. Thus it is likely that Balparda
was reporting accurate tradition when he suggested García and ally Umar ibn Hafsun, fought a battle at Aybar
against the troops of Emir of Córdoba in 882, García dying there (although the
age provided him, 84 years, is clearly exaggerated).
"The identity of García's wife or wives is poorly documented, and has been subject to much speculation. An
undated confirmation of an earlier lost charter refers to King García and Queen
Urraca Mayor, and this is thought by some to refer to
García Íñiguez and an otherwise unknown wife. Based on her name alone, it has
been suggested that she was of the Banu Qasi, but
other historians have given her different parentage, or even a different king
as husband. Likewise, royal princess Leodegundia Ordoñez of Asturias, daughter of Ordoño
I of Asturias, is known to have married a ruler of Pamplona, and García Íñiguez
is one of those speculated to have been this prince.
"García Íñiguez had following children:
* Fortún Garcés,
the future king.
* Sancho Garcés, whose only known child, Aznar Sánchez, married a daughter of
king Fortún Garcés and by
her had queens Toda Aznárez, wife of king Sancho Garcés I, and Sancha Aznárez, wife of king Jimeno Garcés.
* Onneca Garcés,
wife of Aznar Galíndez II.
* Velasquita Garcés,
married to Mutarr?f ibn M?s? ibn Qasi, Wali of Huesca, son of M?s? ibn M?s?.
* (perhaps) Jimena, wife of Alfonso III of León (assignment
of her parentage based on political, chronological and onomastic
arguments)."
According to Wikipedia: "Íñigo
Íñiguez Arista (c. 790 – 851 or 852) was the
first King of Pamplona (c. 824 – 851 or 852). He is said by a later chronicler
to have been count of Bigorre, or at least to have
come from there, but there is no near-contemporary evidence of this.[1] His
origin is obscure, but his patronymic indicates that he was the son of an Íñigo.[2] It has been speculated that he was kinsman of
García Jiménez, who in the late 8th century succeeded his father Jimeno 'the Strong' in resisting Carolingian expansion into
Vasconia. He is also speculated to have been related
to the other Navarrese dynasty, the Jiménez.
"His mother also married Musa ibn Fortún
ibn Qasi, by whom she was mother of Musa ibn Musa ibn
Qasi, head of the Banu Qasi
and Moslem king of Tudela, one of the chief lords of
Valley of the Ebro. Due to this relationship, Íñigo
and his kin frequently acted in alliance with Musa ibn Musa and this
relationship allowed Eneko to extend his influence
over large territories in the Pyrenean valleys.
"The family came to power through struggles with
Frankish and Muslim influence in Spain. In 799, pro-Frankish assassins murdered
Mutarrif ibn Musa, governor of Pamplona, the brother
of Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi and perhaps of Íñigo himself. In 820, Íñigo
intervened in the County of Aragon, ejecting a Frankish vassal, count Aznar I Galíndez, in favor of García el
Malo (the Bad), who would become Íñigo's son-in-law.
In 824, the Frankish counts Aeblus and Aznar Sánchez
made an expedition against Pamplona, but were defeated
in the third Battle of Roncesvalles. The Basque victors are not named, but it
was in the context of this defeat that Íñigo is said
to have been pronounced "King of Pamplona" in that city by the
people. Íñigo was a Christicolae
princeps (Christian prince), according to Eulogio de
Córdoba. However, his kingdom continually played Moslem and Christian against
themselves and each other to maintain independence against outside powers.
"In 840 his lands were attacked by Abd Allah ibn Kulayb, wali of Zaragoza, leading
his half-brother, Musa ibn Musa into rebellion. The next year, Eneko fell victim to paralysis in battle against the Norse
with Musa ibn Misa. His son García acted as regent, in concert with Fortún Íñiguez, "the premier knight of the
realm", the king's brother and also half-brother of M?s?. They joined Musa ibn
Musa in an uprising against the Caliphate of Córdoba. Abd-ar-Rahman
II, emir of Córdoba, launched reprisal campaigns in the succeeding years. In
843, Fortún Íñiguez was killed, and M?s? unhorsed and forced to escape
on foot, while Eneko and his son Galindo escaped with
wounds and several nobleman, most notably Velasco Garcés
defected to Abd-ar-Rahman. The next year, Eneko's own son, Galindo Íñiguez and Musa's son Lubb ibn Musa went over to Córdoba, and M?s? was forced to submit. Following a brief campaign the next year, 845, a general peace was achieved.
In 850, Musa again rose in open rebellion, supported again by Pamplona, and
envoys of Induo (thought to be Eneko)
and Mitio,[8] "Dukes of the Navarrese",
were received at the French court. Eneko died in the
Muslim year 237, which is late 851 or early 852, and was succeeded by García
Íñiguez.
"The name of the wife (or wives) of Eneko
is not reported in contemporary records, although chronicles from centuries
later assign her the name of Toda or Oneca.[10] There
is also scholarly debate regarding her derivation, some hypothesizing that she
was daughter of Velasco, lord of Pamplona (killed 816), and others making her
kinswoman of Aznar I Galíndez[11]. He was father of the following known children:
* Assona Íñiguez, who married her
father's half-brother, M?s? ibn M?s?
ibn Fortún ibn Qasi, lord
of Tudela and Huesca
* García Íñiguez, the future king
* Galindo Íñiguez, fled to Córdoba where he was friend of Eulogio of Córdoba and became father of M?s?
ibn Galindo, Wali of Huesca in 860, assassinated in
870 in Córdoba [13]
* a daughter, wife of Count García el
Malo (the Bad) of Aragón.
"The dynasty founded by Eneko
reigned for about 80 years, being supplanted by a rival dynasty in 905.
However, due to intermarriages, subsequent kings of Navarre descend from Eneko."
Garcia Sanchez = son of
Generation 38
0.110111011011011110011000111111111111
King
Sancho I of Pamplona (later called Navarre) (c. 860 - Dec. 11, 925) reigned 905
to 926 md. 0.110111011011011110011000111111111110 Toda Azarez (c. 885 - after
970)
According
to Wikipedia: "Sancho I Garcés (c. 860 –
December 11, 925) was king of Pamplona from 905 to 925. He was a son of García
Jiménez, who was king of "another part of the kingdom" of Pamplona
and Dadildis de Pallars,
his second wife. In 905, a coalition of enemies of the king, Fortún Garcés: Lubb ibn Muhammed of the Banu Qasi,
King Alfonso III of Asturias, Galindo Aznar II of Aragon
and Sancho's uncle, Raymond I of Pallars and Ribagorza, deposed the king, and put Sancho on the throne
in his place. Throughout his reign, he involved himself in the squabbles among
the Muslim lords to the south with repeated success. In 907, he turned on his
former ally Lubb ibn Muhammad, killing him in battle.
Four years later, another former ally, Galindo Aznar, joined with his
brother-in-law Muhammad al-Tawil and Abd Allah ibn Lubb
ibn Qasi to attack Sancho, but they were crushed:
al-Tawil was killed, the power of the Banu Qasi was
severely crippled, and Galindo forced into vassalage to Sancho, leading to the
incorporation of the County of Aragon into Pamplona. In 920, he teamed with
Bernard I of Ribagorza and Amrus
ibn Muhammed, son of Muhammad al-Tawil, to attack Monzón.
He joined Ultra-Puertos, or Basse-Navarre (Baja
Navarra), to his own dominions, also extending his territory as far as Nájera. As a thanksgiving offering for his victories, he
founded, in 924, the convent of Albelda.
"Perhaps to legitimize the succession, Sancho married
Toda Aznárez, granddaughter of former king Fortún Garcés. Queen Toda was a
daughter of Aznar Sánchez, lord of Larraun, and Oneca Fortúnez, who herself was a
daughter of King Fortún. Thus, Sancho and Toda's
children were also descendants of the Arista dynasty of Navarrese monarchs, but
likewise akin to Abd-ar-Rahman III of Cordoba, a
grandson of Oneca by a former husband. When Sancho
died in 925, his only son was still quite young. Thus
Sancho was succeeded by his brother, Jimeno Garcés, upon whose death Sancho's son García would succeed.
"The Codex of Roda gives
Sancho and Toda six children:
* Oneca (d.931),
married Alfonso IV the Monk of León in 926
* Sancha, married firstly Ordoño II of León, secondly Count Alvaro Herraméliz of Álava, and thirdly Fernán González, Count of Castile
* Urraca, married Ramiro II of
León
* Velasquita (or Belasquita), married firstly Munio,
count of Vizcaya, secondly Galindo, son of Bernard count of Ribagorza.
* Orbita
* García, king of Pamplona, married firstly Andregota Galíndez and secondly
Teresa
"Sancho also had an illegitimate daughter:
* Lupa, mother of Raymond I, Count
of Bigorre."
According to Wikipedia: "Toda Aznárez,
also Teuda de Larraun or Tota (c. 885-aft. 970), was the queen-consort of Navarre
through her marriage (his second) to Sancho I (905-925). She married him when
he was an old man.
"She was the daughter of Aznar Sánchez, lord of Larraun, paternal grandson of king García Íñiguez of
Pamplona, while her mother Oneca Fortúnez
was a daughter of king Fortún Garcés.
Thus, Toda's children were also descendants of the Arista dynasty of Navarrese
monarchs. She was sister of Sancha Aznárez, wife of king Jimeno Garcés, her husband's brother and successor, while Toda and
Sancha were also aunts of Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III, through their mother's first marriage to ?Abdullah ibn Muhammad.
"When her son García Sánchez I succeeded his uncle Jimeno as king in 931, Toda became regent and guardian of
her son. However, in 934 her nephew Abd-ar-Rahman III
intervened on behalf of his cousin, removing Toda to allow García to rule
alone. She had been an energetic diplomat, arranging political marriages for
her daughters among the competing royalty and nobility of Christian Iberia.
"The Codex of Roda gives
Sancho and Toda six children:
* Oneca (d. 931), married Alfonso
IV the Monk of León in 926
* Sancha, married firstly Ordoño II of León, secondly Count Alvaro Herraméliz of Álava, and thirdly Fernán González, Count of Castile
* Urraca, married Ramiro II of
León
* Velasquita (or Belasquita), married firstly Munio,
count of Vizcaya, secondly Galindo, son of Bernard count of Ribagorza.
* Orbita
* García, king of Pamplona"
Sancho = son of
Generation 39
0.1101110110110111100110001111111111111
King Garcia Jimenez or Garcia II of
Pamplona md. 0.1101110110110111100110001111111111110 Dadildis de Pallars
According
to Wikipedia: "García Jiménez or García II was (sub- or co-) king of a
part of Pamplona in the late 9th century.
"The Basque ruling dynasty (Jiménez) was apparently in
control of a part of what would become the kingdom of Navarre distinct from
that held by the descendants of Iñigo Arista. García
presumably succeeded his father during the lifetime of García Íñiguez, and is listed by the Códice
de Roda as being of "another part of the
kingdom" of Pamplona.
"By a popular reconstruction,
when King García I supposedly died in 870 while his son and heir Fortún Garcés was imprisoned in
Córdoba, García Jiménez is said to have become uncontested regent of the
kingdom until he was killed at Aybar (882) in a
battle against the Emir of Córdoba. However, there is evidence that García
Íñiguez was still living at the time of his son's return in 880, and it may
well have been that monarch who was killed in 882. In fact, there is no
documentary evidence of García Jiménez playing any role in the government of
the greater kingdom.
"García Jiménez married firstly to Oneca,
"Rebel of Sangüesa" with whom he had the
following issue:
* Íñigo, called 'king' in the Roda Codex, perhaps his father's successor.
* Sancha, married as her first
husband Íñigo Fortúnez, son
of king Fortún of Pamplona, and remarried Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon.
"García Jiménez married secondly Dadildis
de Pallars, sister of count Raymond I of Pallars and Ribagorza, with whom
he had the following issue:
* Sancho, later sole king of Pamplona.
* Jimeno, king in succession to
Sancho."
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
The D'Aubigny Family, Starting from Generation 26, with 0.110111011011110111010110 Maud d'Aubigny
0.110111011011110111010110 Maud d'Aubigny (d. after 1210) md. 0.110111011011110111010111
Gilbert Graham, 3rd Earl of Strathearn (b. circa 1150 d.
circa 1223) Second
Graham Family
Maud = daughter of
Generation
27
0.1101110110111101110101101 William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl
of Arundel (b. before 1193), embarked on crusade of 1218 md. 0.1101110110111101110101100 Mabel of Chester
William
= son of
Generation
28
0.11011101101111011101011011 William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel (b.
before 1150 d. 1193) md. after 1173 0.11011101101111011101011010 Matilda
de St. Hilary du Harouet
William
= son of
Generation
29
0.110111011011110111010110111 William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl
of Arundel (b. before 1126 d. 1176) md. 1138 0.110111011011110111010110110
Adeliza de Louvain
William
= son of
Generation
30
0.1101110110111101110101101111 William d'Aubigny Lord of the Manor of Buckenham, Norfolk (b. before 1110 d. 1139) md. 0.1101110110111101110101101110 Maud le Bigod daughter of 0.11011101101111011101011011101 Roger le Bigod (b. before 1071 d. 1107) md. 0.11011101101111011101011011100 Alice de Tosny, daughter of 0.110111011011110111010110111001 William de Tosny, Lord of Belvoir
______________________________
The Family of Baldwin of Constantinople, Starting from Generation 27, with
0.11011101101101111001101110 Margaret II Countess of Flanders and Countess of
Hainault
0.11011101101101111001101110
Margaret II Countess of
Flanders and Countess of Hainault (1202-1280) md.
0.11011101101101111001101111 Bouchard IV of Avesne
Margaret = daughter of
Generation
28
0.110111011011011110011011101 Emperor
Baldwin I of Constantinople (1172-1205) also known as Baldwin VI Count of
Hainault and Baldwin IX Count of Flanders md. 0.110111011011011110011011100
Marie of Champagne (1174-1204) Champagne Family
In the Fourth Crusade the Crusaders conquered Constantinople and
made Baldwin emperor.
Baldwin = son of
Generation
29
0.1101110110110111100110111011 Baldwin V Count
of Hainault, AKA
Baldwin VIII Count of Flanders and Baldwin I Margrave of Namur (1150-1195) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111010 Margaret Countess
of Flanders
Baldwin = son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111001101110111 Baldwin IV Count
of Hainault (1108-1171)
md. 0.11011101101101111001101110110 Alice of Namur
Baldwin = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110011011101111 Baldwin III Count of Hainault (1088-1120)
Baldwin = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100110111011111 Baldwin II Count of Hainault (1056-1098?) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111011110 Ida of Leuven
Baldwin = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111001101110111111 Baldwin VI
Count of Flanders
(1030-1070) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110111110 Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainault
Baldwin = son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011011110011011101111111 Baldwin V
Count of Flanders (d.1067) md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111110 Adele Capet AKA Adela the Holy, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111011111101 King
Robert II the Pious of France and 0.1101110110110111100110111011111100 Constance
of Arles
Baldwin = son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111 Baldwin IV
the Bearded, Count of Flanders (980-1035)
7th generation descendant of Charlemagne through his father and 8th generation
through his mother.
Baldwin = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111 Arnulf II
Count of Flanders (960 or
961-988) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110111111110 Rozala of Lombardy Family of Lombardy
Alnulf = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111 Baldwin III of Flanders (940-962) md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111111110 Matilda
of Burgundy
Baldwin = son of
Generation 38
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111 Arnulf I
the Great, Count of Flanders (890-965)
Arnulf = son of
Generation 39
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111111 Baldwin
II Count of Flanders
(875-918) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110 Aelfthryth (d. 929), daughter of King Alfred the Great of England
Family
of Wessex
Baldwin = son of
Generation 40
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111111
Baldwin I of Flanders md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111111111110 Judith, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111101 Charles
the Bald Holy Roman Emperor
Baldwin = son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111111 Audacer
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
The First Hohenstaufen Family, Starting from
Generation 27, from 0.110111011011011110001110010 Marie of
Hohenstaufen
0.110111011011011110001110010 Marie of
Hohenstaufen (April 3, 1201 in Arezzo, Tascany, Italy -1235) md. 0.110111011011011110001110011 Henry II, Duke of Brabant (1207 - Feb. 1, 1248, in
Leuven)
Marie = daughter of
Generation 28
0.1101110110110111100011100101 Philip King of Germany and Duke of Swabia (1177 - June 21, 1208) md. 0.1101110110110111100011100100 Irene Angelina
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Philip, Emperor of Germany]
Philip = son of
Generation 29
0.11011101101101111000111001011 Frederick I Barbarossa (1122- June 10, 1190, King of Germany 1152 - 1190, King of Pavia 1154 - 1190, and Holy Roman Emperor 1155 - 1190 md.0.11011101101101111000111001010 Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy (1143 - Nov. 15, 1184)
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Frederick Barbarossa, King of Germany and Italy, d. 1190]
Frederick = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011011110001110010111 Frederick II, Duke of Swabia "the One-Eyed" (of the Hohenstaufen dynasty) (1090 - April 6, 1147) md. 0.11011101101101111000111001010 Judith of Welf or Guelph (d. 1130 or 1131) Welf or Guelf Family
Frederick = son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110001110010111 Frederick I Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia (1050 - July 21, 1105) md. 0.110111011011011110001110010110 Agnes of Germany (1072 - Sept. 24, 1143), daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011100101101 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor md. 0.1101110110110111100011100101100 Bertha of Savoy (Sept. 21, 1051 - Dec. 27, 1087 in Mainz)
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Judith d. 1147 md. Frederick (or Frideric) the Second of Suabia (or Swabia)]
Frederick = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100011100101111 Frederick von Büren
md. Hildegard
von Bar-Moussen
The
Champagne Family, Starting from Generation 28, with 0.110111011011011110011011100 Marie of Champagne
0.110111011011011110011011100 Marie of
Champagne (1174-1204) md.
0.110111011011011110011011101
Emperor Baldwin I of
Constantinople (1172-1205) also known as Baldwin VI Count of
Hainault and Baldwin IX Count of Flanders.
In the Fourth Crusade the Crusaders conquered Constantinople and made
Baldwin emperor.
Marie = daughter of
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100110111001
Henry I, Count of Champagne (1127-1181) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111000
Marie of France (1145-1198) poet, patron and probably lover of Chretien de Troyes author of Arthurian romances
Marie = daughter of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111001101110011
King Louis VII of France
(1120-1180) and 0.11011101101101111001101110010
Eleanor of Aquitaine
(1122-1204) Aquitaine Family,
Family of Normandy
(overlapping lines, also descended from
her marriage with King Henry II of England, by way of their son King John)
____________________
Komnene Family, Starting from Generation 28, with 0.110111011011011110011000110 Eudokia Komnene
0.110111011011011110011000110 Eudokia Komnene (c.
1150 or 1152 - c. 1203) md. 0.110111011011011110011000111
William VIII of Monpellier (d.
1202)
Generation 29
0.1101110110110111100110001101 Isaac Komnenos (c. 1113 - after
1154) md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100 Irene Diplosynadene
Acording
to Wikipedia: "Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (c. 1113 – after 1154), was the third son of
Emperor John II Komnenos by Piroska
of Hungary.
"Shortly
before his death in 1143, John II Komnenos designated
his fourth son Manuel as his heir, although the third son, Isaac, was still
alive. At the time Isaac was conducting the body of his eldest brother, the
co-emperor Alexios Komnenos,
back to Constantinople.
"Consequently Manuel made sure that his men took control of
the capital before Isaac learned of his father's death and made his bid for the
throne. Although some of the clergy, the people and
the military thought that Isaac was better fit to rule, he had to resign
himself to his younger brother's accession.
"In
1145–1146 he campaigned with him against the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia. Although
the relationship between the brothers remained uneasy, there was never an open
conflict, and Isaac enjoyed the court dignity of sebastokrator.
The marriages of Isaac's daughters served as useful tools of Manuel's foreign
policy.
"By
his first wife, Theodora, Isaac had five children:
* Alexios Komnenos.
* Irene Komnene, who married an
unnamed Doukas Kamateros
and became the mother of Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus.
* John Komnenos.
* Anna Komnene, who married
Constantine Makrodoukas.
* Maria Komnene, who married King
Stephen IV of Hungary.
"By
his second wife, Irene Synadene, Isaac had two
daughters:
* Theodora Komnene, who married
King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.
* Eudokia Komnene,
who married William VIII of Montpellier."
Isaac =
son of
Generation 30
0.11011101101101111001100011011 Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos (Sept. 13, 1087 - April 8, 1143) reigned
1118 to 1143 md. 0.11011101101101111001100011010
Piroska of Hungary AKA Saint Irene (1088 - Aug. 13,
1134) daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011010
1 King Ladislaus I of
Hungary (c. 1040 - July 29, 1095) Family of Hungary
According
to Wikipedia: "John II Komnenos or Comnenus (September
13, 1087 – April 8, 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known
as "John the Beautiful", he was the eldest son of emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina. The second emperor of the Komnenian
restoration of the Byzantine Empire, John was a pious and dedicated emperor who
was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of
Manzikert, half a century earlier.
"In
the course of his twenty-five year reign, John made
alliances with the Holy Roman Empire in the west, decisively defeated the
Pechenegs in the Balkans, and personally led numerous campaigns against the
Turks in Asia Minor. John's campaigns fundamentally changed the balance of
power in the east, forcing the Turks onto the defensive and restoring to the
Byzantines many towns, fortresses and cities right
across the peninsula. In the southeast, John extended Byzantine control from
the Maeander in the west all the way to Cilicia and Tarsus in the east. In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine emperor's role as
the leader of the Christian world, John marched into the Holy Land at the head
of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states; yet despite the
great vigour with which he pressed the campaign,
John's hopes were disappointed by the treachery of his Crusader allies, who
deliberately failed to fight against the Muslim enemy at the crucial moment.
Also under John, the empire's population recovered to about 10 million people.
"The
Latin historian William of Tyre described John as
short and unusually ugly, with eyes, hair and complexion so dark he was known
as 'the Moor'. Yet despite his physical appearance, John was known as Kaloioannes, "John the Handsome" or "John
the Beautiful". The epithet referred not to his body but to his soul. Both
his parents had been unusually pious and John
surpassed them. Members of his court were expected to restrict their
conversation to serious subjects only. The food served at the emperor's table
was very frugal and John lectured courtiers who lived in excessive luxury.
Despite his austerity, John was loved. His principles were sincerely held and
his integrity great.
"John
was famed for his piety and his remarkably mild and just reign. He is an exceptional
example of a moral ruler, at a time when cruelty was the norm. He never
condemned anyone to death or mutilation. Charity was dispensed lavishly. For
this reason, he has been called the Byzantine Marcus Aurelius. By the personal
purity and piety of his character he effected a notable improvement in the
manners of his age. Gifted with great self control and personal courage, John
was an excellent strategist and an expert imperator in the field, and through
his many campaigns he devoted himself to the preservation of his empire.
"He
succeeded his father in 1118, but had already been
proclaimed co-emperor by Alexios I on September 1,
1092. Niketas Choniates
alone tells of the actions by which John II secured his own succession. Alexios I had favoured
John to succeed him over his wife Irene's favourite,
the kaisar (Caesar) Nikephoros
Brynennios, who was married to their daughter Anna Komnene. Alexios resorted to
dissimulation in order to avert Irene's criticism of
his choice and her demands that Nikephoros should
succeed. As Alexios lay on his deathbed in the
monastery of the Mangana on 15 August 1118, John,
consorting with relatives whom he could trust, among whom was his brother, the sebastokrat?r Isaac Komnenos, stole into the monastery and removed the imperial
signet ring from his dying father. Then, taking up arms, he rode to the Great
Palace, gathering the support of the citizenry who acclaimed him emperor. Irene
was taken by surprise and was unable either to persuade her son to desist, or
to induce Nikephoros to act against him. Although the
palace guard at first refused to admit John without proof of his father's
wishes, the mob surrounding the new emperor simply forced entry.
"Alexios died the following night. John refused to join the
funeral procession, in spite of his mother's urging,
because his hold on power was so tenuous. However, in the space of a few days,
his position was secure. In 1119, John II uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow
him which implicated his mother and sister, who were duly relegated to
monasteries. To safeguard his own succession, John crowned his own young son Alexios co-emperor in 1122.
"These
political intrigues probably contributed to John's style of rule, which was to
appoint men from outside the imperial family to help him govern the empire.
John's closest adviser was his closest friend, John Axuch,
a Turk who had been given as a gift to John's father. Alexios
had thought him a good companion for John, and so he had been brought up
alongside John, who immediately appointed him as Grand Domestic upon his
accession. The Grand Domestic was the commander in chief of the Byzantine
armies. This was an extraordinary move, and a departure from the nepotism that
had characterised the reign of his father Alexios. The imperial family harboured
some degree of resentment at this decision, which was reinforced by the fact
that they were required to make obeisance to John Axouch
whenever they met him. Yet the emperor had complete confidence in his
appointees, many of whom had been chosen on merit rather than their relation to
him by blood. John's unwillingness to allow his family to interfere too much in
his government was to remain constant for the rest of his reign.
"After
his accession, John II had refused to confirm his father's 1082 treaty with the
Republic of Venice, which had given the Italian republic unique and generous
trading rights within the Byzantine Empire. Yet the change in policy was not
motivated by financial concerns. An incident involving the abuse of a member of
the imperial family by Venetians led to a dangerous conflict, especially as
Byzantium had depended on Venice for its naval strength. After a Byzantine
retaliatory attack on Kerkyra, John exiled the
Venetian merchants from Constantinople. But this produced further retaliation,
and a Venetian fleet of 72 ships plundered Rhodes, Chios, Samos, Lesbos, Andros
and captured Kefalonia in the Ionian Sea.[2] Eventually John was forced to come
to terms; the war was costing him more than it was worth, and he was not prepared
to transfer funds from the imperial land forces to the navy for the
construction of new ships. John re-confirmed the treaty of 1082. Nevertheless,
this embarrassment was not entirely forgotten, and it seems likely that it
played a part in inspiring John's successor (Manuel I Komnenos)
to re-establish a powerful Byzantine fleet some years later.
"In
1119–1121 John defeated the Seljuk Turks, establishing his control over
southwestern Anatolia. However, immediately afterwards, in 1122, John quickly
transferred his troops to Europe to fight off a Pecheneg invasion into Moesia.
These invaders had been auxiliaries of the Prince of Kiev. John surrounded the
Pechenegs as they burst into Thrace, tricked them into believing that he would
grant them a favourable treaty, and then launched a
devastating surprise attack upon their larger camp. The ensuing Battle of Beroia was hard fought, but by the end of the day John's
army of 20,000 men had won a crushing victory. This put an end to Pecheneg
incursions into Byzantine territory, and many of the captives were settled as
foederati within the Byzantine frontier.
"John
then launched a punitive raid against the Serbs, many of whom were rounded up
and transported to Nicomedia in Asia Minor to serve as military colonists. This
was done partly to cow the Serbs into submission (Serbia was, at least
nominally, a Byzantine protectorate), and partly to strengthen the Byzantine
frontier in the east against the Turks. However, John's marriage to the
Hungarian princess Piroska involved him in the
dynastic struggles of the Kingdom of Hungary. Giving asylum to a blinded
claimant to the Hungarian throne (called Álmos), John
aroused the suspicion of the Hungarians, and was faced with an invasion in
1128. The Hungarians attacked Belgrade, Brani?evo,
Nish, Sofia, and penetrated south as far as the outskirts of Philippopolis.
After a challenging campaign lasting two years, the emperor managed to defeat
the Hungarians at the fortress of Haram and their Serbian allies, and peace was
restored.
"John
was then able to concentrate on Asia Minor, which became the focus of his
attention for most of his remaining years. The Turks were pressing forward
against the Byzantine frontier in western Asia Minor, and John was determined
to drive them back. In 1119, the Seljuks had cut off Antalya from the empire,
John II led an army to capture Laodicea and Sozopolis,
therefore reestablishing the land links to the city.[4] He undertook a campaign
against the Danishmendid emirate in Malatya on the
upper Euphrates from 1130 to 1135. Thanks to John's energetic campaigning,
Turkish attempts at expansion in Asia Minor were halted, and John prepared to
take the fight to the enemy. In order to restore the
region to Byzantine control, John led a series of well planned and executed
campaigns against the Turks, one of which resulted in the reconquest of the
ancestral home of the Komneni at Kastamonu,
then he left a garrison of 2,000 men at Gangra.[5]
John quickly earned a formidable reputation as a wall-breaker, taking
stronghold after stronghold from his enemies. Regions which had been lost to
the empire ever since the Battle of Manzikert were recovered and garrisoned.
Yet resistance, particularly from the Danishmends of
the north-east, was strong, and the difficult nature of holding down the new
conquests is illustrated by the fact that Kastamonu
was recaptured by the Turks even as John was in Constantinople celebrating its
return to Byzantine rule. John persevered, however, and Kastamonu
soon changed hands once more. John advanced into north
eastern Anatolia, provoking the Turks to attack his army. Yet once again
John's forces were able to maintain their cohesion, and the Turkish attempt to
inflict a second Manzikert on the emperor's army backfired when the Sultan, discredited
by his failure to defeat John, was murdered by his own people. In 1139, the Emperor marched one final time against the Danishmend Turks, his army marched along the southern coast
of the Black Sea through Bithynia, and Paphlagonia. Turning south at Trebizond,
he besieged but failed to take the city of Neocaesarea.
"The
emperor then directed his attention to the Levant, where he sought to re-inforce Byzantium's suzerainty over the Crusader States. In
1137 he conquered Tarsus, Adana, and Mopsuestia from
the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, and in 1138 Prince Levon
I of Armenia and most of his family were brought as captives to Constantinople.
This opened the route to the Principality of Antioch, where Prince Raymond of
Poitiers recognized himself the emperor's vassal in 1137, and John arrived
there in triumph in 1138. There followed a joint campaign as John led the
armies of Byzantium, Antioch and Edessa against Muslim
Syria. Although John fought hard for the Christian cause in the campaign in
Syria, his allies Prince Raymond of Antioch and Count Joscelin
II of Edessa sat around playing dice instead of helping John to press the siege
of Shaizar. These Crusader Princes were suspicious of each other and of John,
and neither wanted the other to gain from participating in the campaign, while
Raymond also wanted to hold on to Antioch, which he had agreed to hand over to
John if the campaign was successful in capturing Aleppo, Shaizar, Homs, and
Hama. While the emperor was distracted by his attempts to secure a German
alliance against the Normans of Sicily, Joscelin and
Raymond conspired to delay the promised handover of Antioch's citadel to the
emperor.
"John
planned a new expedition to the East, including a pilgrimage to Jerusalem on
which he planned to take his army with him. King Fulk
of Jerusalem, fearing an invasion, begged the emperor to only bring an army of
10,000 men with him. This resulted in John II deciding not to go. However, on
Mount Taurus in Cilicia, on April 8, 1143, he was accidentally infected by a
poisoned arrow while out hunting. The poison set in, and shortly afterwards he
died. John's final action as emperor was to choose his youngest son Manuel Komnenos to be his successor. John cited two main reasons
for choosing Manuel over his older surviving son Isaac Komnenos:
these were Isaac's irascibility, and the courage that Manuel had shown on
campaign at Neocaesareia. Another theory alleges that
the reason for this choice was the AIMA prophecy
which foretold that John's successor should be one whose name began with an
"M". John's eldest son, the co-emperor Alexios,
had died in the summer of 1142.
"Historian
J. Birkenmeier has recently argued that John's reign
was the most successful of the Komnenian period. In
The development of the Komnenian army 1081-1180, he
stresses the wisdom of John's approach to warfare, which focused on siege
warfare rather than risky pitched battles. Birkenmeier
argues that John's strategy of launching annual campaigns with limited,
realistic objectives was a more sensible one than that followed by his son
Manuel I. According to this view, John's campaigns benefited the Byzantine
Empire because they protected the empire's heartland from attack while
gradually extending its territory in Asia Minor. The Turks were forced onto the
defensive, while John kept his diplomatic situation relatively simple by
allying with the Western Emperor against the Normans of Sicily.
"Overall,
what is clear is that John II Komnenos left the
empire a great deal better off than he had found it. Substantial territories
had been recovered, and his successes against the invading Pechenegs, Serbians
and Seljuk Turks, along with his attempts to establish Byzantine suzerainty
over the Crusader States in Antioch and Edessa, did much to restore the reputation
of his empire. His careful, methodical approach to warfare had protected the
empire from the risk of sudden defeats, while his determination and skill had
allowed him to rack up a long list of successful sieges and assaults against
enemy strongholds. By the time of his death he had
earned near universal respect, even from the Crusaders, for his courage,
dedication and piety. His early death meant his work went unfinished — his last
campaign might well have resulted in real gains for Byzantium and the Christian
cause.
"John
II Komnenos married Princess Piroska
of Hungary (renamed Eirene), a daughter of King Ladislaus
I of Hungary in 1104; the marriage was intended as compensation for the loss of
some territories to King Coloman of Hungary. She
played little part in government, devoting herself to piety and their large
brood of children. Eirene died on August 13, 1134 and
was later venerated as Saint Eirene. John II and Eirene had 8 children:
1. Alexios Komnenos,
co-emperor from 1122 to 1142
2. Maria Komnene (twin to Alexios), who married John Roger Dalassenos
3. Andronikos Komnenos
(died 1142)
4. Anna Komnene, who married Stephanos Kontostephanos
5. Isaac Komnenos (died 1154)
6. Theodora Komnene, who married Manuel Anemas
7. Eudokia Komnene,
who married Theodoros Vatazes
8. Manuel I Komnenos (died 1180)"
According
to Wikipedia: "Piroska of Hungary (1088 – 13
August 1134) was a daughter of Ladislaus I of Hungary
and Adelaide of Swabia. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolf of Rheinfeld and his second wife Adelheid
of Savoy. Adelheid was a daughter of Otto of Savoy
and Adelaide of Turin.
She
was born in Esztergom of the modern Komárom-Esztergom
administrative county. Her mother died in 1090 when Piroska
was about two years old. Her father died on 29 July 1095. Ladislaus
was succeeded by his nephew Coloman of Hungary who
apparently was the new guardian of orphaned Piroska.
In an effort to improve relations with Alexios
I Komnenos of the Byzantine Empire, Coloman negotiated the marriage of Piroska
to John II Komnenos. John II was the eldest son of Alexios I and Irene Doukaina. He
was already co-ruler of his father since 1 September 1092 and was expected to
succeed him. The negotiations were successful and Piroska
married John in 1104. The marriage was recorded by Joannes
Zonaras and John Kinnamos.
sibling = Anna Komnene (no children), the first woman historian
According
to Wikipedia: Anna Komnene "was a Byzantine princess,
scholar, physician, hospital administrator, and historian. She was the daughter
of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his wife Irene Doukaina.
She is best known for her attempt to usurp her brother, John II Komnenos and for her work The Alexiad,
an account of her father's reign."
John
= son of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110011000110111 Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1048 - Aug. 15, 1118) reigned 1081 to 1118 md. 0.110111011011011110011000110110 Irene Doukaina (c. 1066 - Feb. 19, 1123 or
1133) Doukas
Family
According to Wikipedia: "Irene Doukaina
or Ducaena (c. 1066 – February 19, 1123
or 1133) was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Alexios
I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.
"Irene
was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas
and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X and a
cousin of Michael VII.
"Irene
married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven
years old. For this reason the Doukas
family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for
the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros
III Botaneiates. Alexios'
mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene
and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the
coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced
the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kosmas I, to crown her as well, which he did
one week later. Anna Dalassene consented to this but
forced Cosmas to resign immediately afterwards; he was succeeded by Eustathios Garidas.
"Alexios' mother Anna continued to live in the imperial
palace and to meddle in in her son's affairs until her death 20 years later;
Maria of Alania may have also lived in the palace, and there were rumours that Alexios carried on
an affair with her. Anna Komnene vociferously denied
this, although she herself was not born until December 1, 1083, two years
later.
"Anna
may have been whitewashing her family history; she has nothing but praise for
both of her parents. She describes her mother in great detail:
"She stood upright like some young sapling, erect and evergreen, all her
limbs and the other parts of her body absolutely symmetrical and in harmony one
with another. With her lovely appearance and charming voice
she never ceased to fascinate all who saw and heard her. Her face shone with
the soft light of the moon; it was not the completely round face of an Assyrian
woman, nor long, like the face of a Scyth, but just
slightly oval in shape. There were rose blossoms on
her cheeks, visible a long way off. Her light-blue eyes were both gay and
stern: their charm and beauty attracted, but the fear they caused so dazzled
the bystander that he could neither look nor turn away...Generally she
accompanied her words with graceful gestures, her hands bare to the wrists, and
you would say it was ivory turned by some craftsman into the form of fingers
and hand. The pupils of her eyes, with the brilliant blue of deep waves,
recalled a calm, still sea, while the white surrounding them shone by contrast,
so that the whole eye acquired a peculiar lustre and
a charm which was inexpressible."
"It
"would not have been so very inappropriate," Anna writes, to say that
Irene was "Athena made manifest to the human race,
or that she had descended suddenly from the sky in some heavenly glory and
unapproachable splendour."
"Irene
was shy and preferred not to appear in public, although she was forceful and
severe when acting officially as empress (basileia).
She preferred to perform her household duties, and
enjoyed reading hagiographic literature and making charitable donations to
monks and beggars. Although Alexios may have had
Maria as a mistress early in his reign, during the later part of his reign he
and Irene were genuinely in love (at least according to their daughter Anna).
Irene often accompanied him on his expeditions, including the expedition
against Prince Bohemund I of Antioch in 1107 and to the Chersonese in 1112. On
these campaigns she acted as a nurse for her husband when he was afflicted with
gout in his feet. According to Anna she also acted as a sort of guard, as there
were constant conspiracies against Alexios. Alexios' insistence that Irene accompany him on campaigns
may suggest that he did not fully trust her enough to leave her in the capital.
When she did remain behind in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together
with Nikephoros Bryennios,
Anna's husband, as a counselor.
"Irene
frequently suggested that Alexios name Nikephoros and Anna as his heirs, over their own younger
son John. According to Niketas Choniates,
who depicts her more as a nagging shrew than a loving wife, she "...threw
her full influence on the side of her daughter Anna and lost no opportunity to
calumniate their son John... mocking him as rash, pleasure-loving, and weak in
character." Alexios, preferring to create a
stable dynasty through his own son, either ignored her, pretended to be busy
with other matters, or, at last, lost his temper and chastized
her for suggesting such things.
I"rene nursed Alexios
on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have Nikephoros and Anna succeed him. Alexios
had already promised the throne to John, and when John took his father's signet
ring Irene accused him of treachery and theft. When Alexios
finally died, she felt genuine grief, and wore the mourning clothes of her
daughter Eudokia, whose own husband had died
previously. However, she soon conspired with Anna against John, but their plots
were unsuccessful and both Irene and Anna were then forced into exile at the
monastery of Kecharitomene, which Irene had founded a
few years previously. It was not a harsh exile, and Irene lived there in peace,
distributing food to the poor and educating young orphan girls. Irene may have
inspired the history written by her son-in-law Nikephoros
Bryennios and corresponded with or patronized several
important literary figures, including Theophylact of Ohrid and Michael Italikos.
"Irene
died on February 19, in either 1123 or 1133, most likely the latter. With Alexios I Komnenos she had nine
children:
* Anna Komnene (1083-1153)
* Maria Komnene
* John II Komnenos (1087-1143)
* Andronikos Komnenos
* Isaac Komnenos
* Eudokia Komnene
* Theodora Komnene, who married
Constantine Angelos. Among their children were John Doukas (who took his grandmother's surname) and Andronikos Angelos, father of the
emperors Alexios III Angelos
and Isaac II Angelos.
* Manuel Komnenos
* Zoe Komnene"
According
to Wikipedia: "Andronikos Doukas
or Andronicus Ducas (died 14 October 1077) was a protovestiarios
and protoproedros of the Byzantine Empire.
"Andronikos Doukas was son of the
Caesar John Doukas and Eirene Pegonitissa.
His father was a brother of Emperor Constantine X Doukas.
His maternal grandfather was Niketas Pegonites. Andronikos himself was
a first cousin of Michael VII Doukas.
"In
1071 Andronikos was the commander of a section of the
Byzantine army in the campaign of Romanos IV Diogenes
against the Seljuk Turks of Alp Arslan. Commanding the rearguard of the army
during the Battle of Manzikert, Andronikos announced
that the emperor had been cut down and deserted from the battlefield. He was
widely blamed for causing the crushing defeat of the Byzantine forces and the
subsequent capture of Romanos IV by the enemy.
"In
1072, after Romanos had been released by Alp Arslan, Andronikos and his brother Constantine were sent out by
Michael VII and their father the Caesar John to intercept him. They defeated Romanos and hunted him down in Cilicia. It was Andronikos who finally obtained Romanos'
surrender and conducted him towards Constantinople. In spite
of his former hatred for the deposed emperor, Andronikos
is said to have opposed his blinding on June 29, 1072.
"In
1074, together with his father, Andronikos commanded
the imperial army against the rebel mercenaries led by Roussel de Bailleul. Both were captured by the rebels, who released
the badly wounded Andronikos to allow him to seek
proper medical treatment in Constantinople. There he recovered for a few years,
but in October 1077 died of an edema.
"Andronikos Doukas married Maria
of Bulgaria, daughter of Troian. Troian
was a son of Emperor Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. They had at least five
children:
* Michael Doukas.
* John Doukas.
* Irene Doukaina, who married
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* Anna Doukaina, who married
George Palaiologos.
* Theodora Doukaina, a nun."
According
to Wikipedia: "Maria of Bulgaria (d. after 1081), protovestiaria,
was the wife of protovestiarios Andronikos
Doukas and mother of Irene Doukaina.
"Maria
was a daughter of Troian of Bulgaria by an unnamed
Byzantine noblewoman descended from the families of Kontostephanos
and Phokas. Her paternal grandparents were Ivan
Vladislav of Bulgaria and his wife Marija. Her
paternal uncles included Presian II of Bulgaria and Alusian of Bulgaria.
"Maria
married Andronikos Doukas
well before 1066. Her husband was a son of the Caesar John Doukas
and Eirene Pegonitissa. He was also a nephew of
Constantine X and first cousin of Michael VII.
"Maria
was endowed with an inheritance of vast land holdings around Lake Ohrid, and her considerable income was used to support her
husband's lavish lifestyle and political ambitions.
"Her
prominent marriage is another evidence to the integration of descendants of the
Kometopouloi into the court nobility in
Constantinople.
"As
mother of the Empress Irene Doukaina, Maria was a
woman of some influence in the early years of the reign of Alexios
I Komnenos. Her granddaughter Anna Komnene praises her beauty and wisdom in the Alexiad."
According
to Wikipedia: "Ivan Vladislav ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from
August or September 1015 to February 1018. The year of his birth is unknown,
but he was born at least about a decade before 987.
"He
was the ancestor of the Aaronios family.
"Ivan
Vladislav was the son of Aron, the brother of Emperor Samuel (Samuil) of Bulgaria. In 987 Samuel ordered his brother Aron
executed for treason together with his entire family. The massacre was survived
only by Aron's son Ivan Vladislav, who was saved through the intercession of
his cousin, Samuel's son Gabriel Radomir.
"What
happened with Ivan Vladislav during the subsequent decades is unknown, but in
1015 he was induced by Byzantine agents to murder his cousin Gabriel Radomir, while the latter was hunting near Ostrovo (Arnissa), and seize the Bulgarian throne. Ivan Vladislav took steps
to ensure his positions against potential rivals, and in 1016 lured and
murdered Prince Vladimir of Zeta, who was married to Gabriel Radomir's sister Theodora (Kosara).
"Although
Ivan Vladislav had entered into negotiations with the Byzantine Emperor Basil
II, he quickly began to follow the determined policy of his predecessors to
resist the ongoing Byzantine conquest. Ivan Vladislav restored the fortifications
of Bitola in 1015 and survived an assassination plot undertaken by Byzantine
agents. Although the Byzantines sacked Ohrid, they
failed to take Pernik, they were defeated in the battle of Bitola and received
troubling intelligence that Ivan Vladislav was attempting to induce the
Pechenegs to come to his aid, following up the general practice of his
predecessors.
"While
Byzantine armies had penetrated deep into Bulgaria in 1016, Ivan Vladislav was
able to rally his forces. In 1017 the Bulgarians were defeated in the battle of
Setina but the war ended
only when Vladislav was killed before the walls of Dyrrhachium
in the winter of 1018. After his death much of the Bulgarian nobility and
court, including his widow Maria, submitted to the advancing Basil II in
exchange of guarantees for the preservation of their lives, status, and
property. A faction of the nobles and the army rallied around Ivan Vladislav's
eldest sons and continued to resist for several months until it was forced to
submit.
"By
his wife Marija, Ivan Vladislav had several children,
including:
1. Presian II, who briefly succeeded as
emperor of Bulgaria 1018
2. Aron, Byzantine general
3. Alusian, who was briefly emperor of
Bulgaria in 1041
4. Troian (Trojan). Father of Maria of
Bulgaria, who married Andronikos Doukas.
5. Catherine (Ekaterina), who married the future Byzantine Emperor
Isaac I Komnenos."
According
to Wikipedia: "Aron was a Bulgarian noble, brother of Emperor Samuil of Bulgaria and third son of Comita
Nikola, Duke of Sofia. After the fall of the eastern parts of the country under
Byzantine occupation in 971, he and his three brothers David, Moses and Samuil continued the resistance to the west. They were
called Comutopuli and ruled the country together, as
the rightful heir to the throne, Boris II and Roman were imprisoned in
Constantinople. The residence of Aron was Sofia situated on the main road
between Constantinople and Western Europe. He had to defend the area from enemy
invasions and attack the Byzantine territories in Thrace.
"In
976 in the beginning the major campaign against the Byzantine Empire, the two
eldest brothers David and Moses perished but the Bulgarians achieved great
successes including the return of north-eastern Bulgaria. During that time, the
Byzantine Emperor Basil II had to fight both the Bulgarians and the dangerous
rebellion under Bardas Skleros
and he turned the customary means of the Byzntine
policy: conspiracy.
"His
attention concentrated to Aron, who was more dangerous at the time due to the
proximity of his seat to Thrace; and because of his ambition to rule over
Bulgaria alone which made an eventual peace profitable for both Aron and Basil.
The Bulgarian nobel asked for the Emperor's
sister hand and Basil agreed but he tried to deceive Aron and sent him the wife
of one of his nobles and the bishop of Sevast. However the attempted deceit was revealed and the bishop was
killed, but the negotiations continued nonetheless. In the end Samuil learned of the secret negotiations and on 14 June
976 Aron together with all of his kin were executed in
the vicinity of Dupnitsa. Only his eldest son Ivan
Vladislav, who eventually became the last Emperor of the Empire was spared due
to the vindication of Samuil's son Gavril Radomir. Ironically, Ivan Vladislav murderred
his saviour 39 years later."
According
to Wikipedia: "Nikola was a Bulgarian nobleman and father of counts David,
Moses and Aron, and of tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. He
ruled Serdica. He was a governor of regions in the wwestern part of the First Bulgarian Empire.His
son Samuel ruled as emperor of the First Bulgarian Empire from 996 to
1014."
According
to Wikipedia: "Ripsimia (also known as Hripsime Bagratuni) was an
Armenian, wife of Comita Nikola, probably governor of
Sofia and had four sons, counts David, Moses and Aron, and tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. Her children and grandchildren ruled
Bulgaria until 1018."
Alexios
= son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100110001101111 Ioannis Komnenos (c.
1015 - July 12,
1067) md. 0.1101110110110111100110001101110 Anna Dalassena (1025-1102), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011011101 Alexius Charon md.
0.11011101101101111001100011011100 Adriana Dalassena
Acccording
to Wikipedia: "Anna Dalassena (1025-1102) was an
important Byzantine noblewoman who rose to the position of an Empress-Mother
during the reign of her son Alexios I Komnenos. Anna was the daughter of Alexius Charon, the
Imperial lieutenant in Italy, and the daughter of Adriana Dalassena.
As her mother's family was more illustrious then her
father's, Anna retained her mother's family name throughout her life, even
after she had married.
"Anna
married Johannes Komnenos, whose brother Isaac became
Emperor in 1057. Her younger son Alexios I Komnenos rose to the throne after vicissitudes of politics.
Alexius was for many years under the strong influence of her éminence grise.
She is described as a wise and immensely able politician and acted as regent
during the absences of her son.
"After
acceeding to the throne, Alexios
crowned his mother Empress Augusta, an honour
commonly given to the Emperor's wife, Irene Doukaina in this case.
"Anna
was the effective administrator of the Empire during the long absences of Alexios in war campaigns: she was constantly at odds with
her daughter-in-law Irene and had assumed total responsibility for the
upbringing and education of her granddaughter Anna Komnene."
Ioannis = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111001100011011111 Manuel
Erotikos Komnenos (955/960 - c. 1020), an
officer of Emperor Basil II
According to Wikipedia: "Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, an officer of
Emperor Basil II who in 978 defended Nicaea against Bardas Skleros,
and one of his two wives, whose names are unknown, and who on his deathbed in
1020 commended his two surviving sons Isaakios and Ioannes to the emperor's care."
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
The Family of Denmark, starting from Generation 28, starting with 0.1101110110111111010100111110 Helen
0.1101110110111111010100111110 Helen daughter of King Vlademar I of Denmark md. 0.1101110110111111010100111111 William of Winchester (April 11, 1184 - Dec. 13, 1213) AKA William Longsword, AKA William of Luneburg.
Helen = daughter of
Generation 29
0.11011101101111110101001111101 King Valdemar I of Denmark (Jan. 14, 1131 - May 12, 1182)
According to Wikipedia: "Valdemar I of Denmark (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great, was King of Denmark from 1157 until 1182. He was the son of Canute Lavard, a chivalrous and popular Danish prince, who was the eldest son of Eric I of Denmark. Valdemar's father was murdered by Magnus the Strong days before the birth of Valdemar; his mother, Ingeborg of Kiev, daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden, named him after her grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev.
"As an heir to the throne, and with his rivals quickly gaining power, he was raised in the court of Asser Rig of Fjenneslev, together with Asser's sons, Absalon and Esbern Snare, who would become his trusted friends and ministers.
"In 1146, when Valdemar was fifteen years old, King Erik III Lamb abdicated and a civil war erupted. The pretenders to the throne were: Sweyn III Grathe, son of Eric II Emune, son of Eric I. Canute V, son of Magnus the Strong who was the son of King Niels, who was the brother of Erik I. Valdemar himself held Jutland, at least Schleswig, as his possession. The civil war lasted the better part of ten years.
"In 1157, the three agreed to part the country in three among themselves. Sweyn hosted a great banquet for Canute, Absalon, and Valdemar during which he planned to dispose of all of them. Canute was killed, but Absalon and Valdemar escaped. Valdemar returned to Jutland. Sweyn quickly launched an invasion, only to be defeated by Valdemar in the Battle of Grathe Heath. He was killed during flight, supposedly by a group of peasants who stumbled upon him as he was fleeing from the battlefield. Valdemar, having outlived all his rival pretenders, became the sole King of Denmark.
"In 1158 Absalon was elected Bishop of Roskilde, and Valdemar made him his chief friend and advisor. He reorganized and rebuilt war-torn Denmark. At Absalon's instigation he declared war upon the Wends who were raiding the Danish coasts. They inhabited Pomerania and the island of Rügen in the Baltic Sea. In 1168 the Wendish capital, Arkona, was taken, and the Wends became Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty. Danish influence reached into Pomerania.
"Valdemar's reign saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its zenith under his second son Valdemar II."
Vlademar = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101010011111011 Canute Lavard (c. 1090- Jan. 7, 1131) md. 0.110111011011111101010011111010 Ingeborg of Kiev Kiev Family
According to Wikipedia: "Canute Lavard (meaning "Canute the Lord," Danish: Knud Lavard) (c. 1090 – 7 January 1131) was a Danish prince and Earl, later Duke of Schleswig.
"Canute was the only legitimate son of Eric I of Denmark and Boedil Thurgotsdatter and as a minor he was bypassed in the election of 1104. He grew up in close contact with the noble Zealander family of Hvide, who were later on to be among his most eager supporters. In 1115, his uncle, King Niels, made him Earl of South Jutland (Schleswig) in order to put an end to the attacks of the Slavic Obodrits. During the next fifteen years, he fulfilled his duty, so well establishing peace in the border area that he was elected "King of the Obodrits" and became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.
"He seems to have been the first member of the Danish royal family who was attracted by the knightly ideals and habits of medieval Germany, indicated by his changing his title to "duke." His appearance made him a popular man and a possible successor of his uncle but he also acquired mighty enemies among the Danish princes and magnates who apparently questioned his loyalty and feared his bond with the Emperor, Lothair III, who had recognized him as sovereign over the western Wends. Whether these suspicions were just or not is impossible to say.
"Both Niels' and his son, Magnus the Strong, seem to have been alarmed by Canute's recognition by the emperor. On 7 January 1131, Canute was trapped in the forest of Haraldsted near Ringsted in Zealand and executed. Some sources consider it to be a murder committed by Magnus, some attribute it to Niels himself. The murder provoked a civil war that intermittently lasted until 1157, ending only with the triumph of Canute’s posthumous son Valdemar I. The fate of Canute and his son’s victory formed the perfect background for his canonisation in 1170, which was requested by the same Valdemar. His feast day is celebrated on the day of his death, January 7.
"Canute Lavard is the ancestor of the "Valdemarian" kings and of their subsequent royal line. He was the first Duke of Schleswig (Slesvig) and the first border prince who was both a Danish and a German vassal, a position leafing towards the historical double position of South Jutland.
"Canute Lavard was married to Ingeborg of Kiev, daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden.
Canute = son of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111111010100111110111 Eric I (Evergood) of Denmark (c. 1060 - July 10, 1103) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110110 Boedil Thurgotsdatter
According to Wikipedia: "Eric was born in the town of Slangerup in North Zealand. During the rule of his half-brother Canute IV of Denmark he was an eager supporter of the king, but he was spared during the rebellion against Canute IV. Eric remained at the royal farm instead of accompanying Canute IV to St Albans priory in Odense where Canute IV was killed. Eric talked his way off the farm and fled to Zealand then fled to Scania which was part of Denmark at the time. Olaf I Hunger was elected King of Denmark, but his reign was short. At last Eric was elected as a king at the several landsting assemblies in 1095. Eric was well-liked by the people and the famines that had plagued Denmark during Olaf Hunger's reign ceased. For many it seemed a sign from God that Eric was the right king for Denmark.
"Medieval chroniclers, such as Saxo Grammaticus, and myths portrayed Eric a “strapping fellow” appealing to the common people. He could keep his place when four men tried their best to move him. Eric was a good speaker, people went out of their way to hear him. After a ting assembly concluded, he went about the neighborhood greeting men, women and children at their homesteads. He had a reputation as a loud man who liked parties and who led a rather dissipated private life. Though a presumed supporter of a strong centralized royal power, he seems to have behaved like a diplomat avoiding any clash with the magnates. He had a reputation for being ruthless to robbers and pirates.
"On a visit to the Pope in Rome he obtained canonization for his
late brother, Canute IV, and an archbishopric for Denmark (now Lund in Scania),
instead of being under the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. Bishop Asser then
became the first Archbishop of Lund.
"King Eric announced at the Viborg assembly that he had decided to go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The cause, according to Danmarks Riges Krønike, was the murder of four of his own men while drunk at a feast in his own hall. Despite the pleadings of his subjects, he would not be deterred. Eric appointed his son, Harald Kesja, and Bishop Asser as regents.
"Eric and Boedil and a large company traveled through Russia to Constantinople where he was a guest of the emperor. While there, he became ill, but took ship for Cyprus anyway. He died at Paphos, Cyprus in July 1103. The queen had him buried there. He was the first king to go on pilgrimage after Jerusalem was conquered during the First Crusade. Queen Boedil also became ill, but made it to Jerusalem where she died. She was buried at the foot of the Mount of Olives in "Josaphats Vale".
Eric = son of
Generation 32
0.11011101101111110101001111101111 King Sweyn II Estridsson md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101110
Gunhild Sveinsdotter
Sweyn = son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011111101010011111011111 Ulf Thorgilsson md. 0.110111011011111101010011111011110 Estrid Margarete Svendsdatter
Ulf = son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110111111010100111110111111 Thorgil Styrbjornsson Sparkling
Thorgil = son of
Generation 35
0.11011101101111110101001111101111111 Styrbjorn the Strong (d. 985) md.
0.11011101101111110101001111101111110 Thyra Haraldsdotter of Denmark
According to Wikipedia: "Styrbjörn the Strong (Old Norse Styrbjörn Sterki) (died c. 985) was, according to late Norse sagas, the son of the Swedish king Olof, and the nephew of Olof's co-ruler and successor Eric the Victorious, who defeated and killed Styrbjörn at the Battle of Fyrisvellir.[1] As with many figures in the sagas, doubts have been cast on his existence,[2] but he is mentioned in a roughly contemporary skaldic poem about the battle. According to legend, his original name was Björn[3] (English exonym: Beorn).
"It is believed that there once was a full saga about Styrbjörn, but most of what is extant is found in the short Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa. Parts of his story are also retold in Eyrbyggja saga, Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (book 10), Knýtlinga saga and Hervarar saga. He is also mentioned in the Heimskringla (several times), and in Yngvars saga víðförla, where Ingvar the Far-Travelled is compared to his kinsman Styrbjörn. Oddr Snorrason also mentions him in Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar (c. 1190), writing that Styrbjörn was defeated with magic. In modern days, he is also the hero of a novel called Styrbiorn the Strong by the English author Eric Rücker Eddison (1926),[4] and he figures in The Long Ships, by Frans G Bengtsson."
Styrbjorn = son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011111101010011111011111111
King Olof II Bjornsson of Sweden (d. 975) md. 0.110111011011111101010011111011111110
Ingeborg Thrandsdotter
According to Wikipedia": Olof Björnsson (reigned ca. 970 - 975), was a semi-legendary Swedish king, who according to Hervarar saga and the Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa ruled together with his brother Eric the Victorious. He was the father of Styrbjörn Starke and Gyrid by his queen, Ingeborg Thrandsdotter, and he died of poison during a meal. Instead of proclaiming his son Styrbjörn co-ruler, Eric proclaimed his own unborn child co-ruler on condition that it was a son. It was a son who became Olof of Sweden."
Family of Kiev, Starting from Generation 30, with
0.110111011011111101010011111010 Ingeborg of Kiev
0.110111011011111101010011111010
Ingeborg of Kiev md. 0.110111011011111101010011111011 Canute Lavard (c. 1090-1131) Family of Denmark
According to Wikipedia: "Ingeborg of Kiev (fl. 1137) was a Russian princess, married to the Danish prince Canute Lavard of Jutland. She was the daughter of prince Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden and was in about 1116 married to Canute in a marriage arranged by her maternal aunt, the Danish queen Margaret Fredkulla. In 1130, she tried to prevent Canute from going to the gatthering were he was to be murdered, but without success. She gave birth to their son Valdemar I of Denmark posthomusly in January 1131. In 1137, she refused to support the suggestion of Christiern Svendsen to proclaim her son monarch after the death of Erik Emune. Ingeborg is not mentioned after this, and the date of her birth and death are unknown."
Ingeborg = daughter of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111111010100111110101 Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great of Kiev (June 1, 1076 - April 14, 1132) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110100 Christina Ingesdotter, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101001111101001 King Inge I of Sweden Family of Sweden
Acording to Wikipedia: "Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great (Russian: Мстислав Владимирович Великий) (June 1, 1076, Turov – April 14, 1132, Kiev) was the Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kiev (1125-1132), the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex. He figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name Harald, taken to allude to his grandfather, Harold II of England.
As his father's future successor, Mstislav reigned in Novgorod the Great from 1088-93 and (after a brief stint at Rostov) from 1095-1117. Thereafter he was Monomakh's co-ruler in Belgorod Kievsky, and inherited the Kievan throne after his death. He built numerous churches in Novgorod, of which St. Nicholas Cathedral (1113) and the cathedral of St Anthony Cloister (1117) survive to the present day. Later, he would also erect important churches in Kiev, notably his family sepulchre at Berestovo and the church of Our Lady at Podil.
"Mstislav's life was spent in constant warfare
with Cumans (1093, 1107, 1111, 1129), Estonians (1111, 1113, 1116, 1130),
Lithuanians (1131), and the princedom of Polotsk
(1127, 1129). In 1096, he defeated his uncle Oleg of Chernigov on the Koloksha River, thereby laying foundation for the centuries
of enmity between his and Oleg's descendants. Mstislav
was the last ruler of united Rus, and upon his death, as the chronicler put it,
"the land of Rus was torn apart".
In 1095, Mstislav wed Princess Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden, daughter of King Inge I of Sweden.
Mstislav = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110111111010100111110101 Valdimir
II Monomakh of Kiev (1053-1125) md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101010 Gytha of Wessex, daughter of
0.110111011011111101010011111010101 King Harold II of England Second Family of
Wessex
According to Wikipedia: "Vladimir II Monomakh (Russian: Владимир Мономах; Ukrainian: Володимир Мономах; Christian name Vasiliy, or Basileios) (1053 – May 19, 1125) was a famous Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kievan Rus'. He was the son of Vsevolod I (married in 1046) and Anastasia of Byzantium (d. 1067). Her father which some give as Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, is not attested in any reliable primary source. Eupraxia of Kiev, a sister of Vladimir, became notorious all over Europe for her divorce from the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV on the grounds that he had attempted a black mass on her naked body.
"In his famous Instruction (also known as The Testament) to his own children, Monomakh mentions that he conducted 83 military campaigns and 19 times made peace with the Polovtsi. At first he waged war against the steppe jointly with his cousin Oleg, but after Vladimir was sent by his father to rule Chernigiv and Oleg made peace with the Polovtsi to retake that city from him, they parted company. Since that time, Vladimir and Oleg were bitter enemies who would often engage in internecine wars. The enmity continued among their children and more distant posterity.
"From 1094, his chief patrimony was the southern town of Pereyaslav, although he also controlled Rostov, Suzdal, and other northern provinces. In these lands he founded several towns, notably his namesake, Vladimir, the future capital of Russia. In order to unite the princes of Rus' in their struggle against the Great Steppe, Vladimir initiated three princely congresses, the most important being held at Lyubech in 1097 and Dolobsk in 1103.
"When Sviatopolk II died in 1113, the Kievan populace revolted and summoned Vladimir to the capital. The same year he entered Kiev to the great delight of the crowd and reigned there until his death in 1125. As may be seen from his Instruction, he promulgated a number of reforms in order to allay the social tensions in the capital. These years saw the last flowering of Ancient Rus, which was torn apart 10 years after his death.
"Vladimir Monomakh is buried in the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. Succeeding generations often referred to his reign as the golden age of that city. Numerous legends are connected with Monomakh's name, including the transfer from Constantinople to Rus of such precious relics as the Theotokos of Vladimir and the Vladimir/Muscovite crown called Monomakh's Cap.
Vladimir = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101111110101001111101011
Vsevolod I
of Kiev (1030-April 13 1093) md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101010
Anastasia of Byzantium
(d. 1067), daughter of 0.110111011011111101010011111010101 Emperor
Constantine IX Monomachos
son of 0.110111011011111101010011111010101 1 Theodosios Monomachos
According to
Wikipedia: "Vsevolod I Yaroslavich
(Ukrainian and Russian: Всеволод
I Ярославич),
(1030 – 13 April 1093) ruled as Grand Prince of Kiev from 1078 until his death.
He was the fourth and favourite son of Yaroslav I the Wise by Ingigerd Olafsdottir.
"To back up an armistice signed with the Byzantine Empire in 1046,
his father married him to a daughter of Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, Anastasia, a princess, d. 1067. The couple had
a son, the future Vladimir Monomakh.
"Upon his father's death in 1054, he received in appanage the towns of Pereyaslav, Rostov, Suzdal, and the township of Beloozero which would remain in possession of his descendants until the end of Middle Ages. Together with his elder brothers Iziaslav and Sviatoslav he formed a sort of princely triumvirate which jointly waged war on the steppe nomads, polovtsy, and compiled the first East Slavic law code. In 1067 Vsevolod's Greek wife died and he soon married a Kypchak princess, Anna. She brought him another son, who drowned after the Battle of the Stugna River, and two daughters, one becoming a nun and another, Eupraxia of Kiev, marrying Emperor Henry IV.
"Upon Sviatoslav's death in 1076, Vsevolod inherited the Kievan throne, but ceded it to the banished Iziaslav in return for his patrimony of Chernigov. But Iziaslav died two years later, and Vsevolod took the Kievan throne yet again. Vsevolod was versed in Greek learning and spoke five languages. Since he lost most of his battles, his eldest son, Vladimir Monomakh, a grand and famous warrior, did most of the fighting for his father. Last years of his reign were clouded by grave illness, and Vladimir Monomakh presided over the government.
Vselvolod = son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011111101010011111010111 Yaroslav I the Wise (c. 978
- Feb. 20, 1054) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110101110 Ingegerd Olafsdottir
(1001 - Feb. 10, 1050) daughter of 0.11011101101111110101001111101011101
Olof Skolkonung (980-1022) King of Sweden
Family of Sweden
Also descended from his daughter Anne of Kiev
Also descended from his son Iziaslav
According to Wikipedia: "Yaroslav I the Wise (Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Old Norse: Jarizleifr Ukranian: Ярослав Мудрий) (c. 978 – February 20, 1054) was thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. During his lengthy reign, Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.
The early years of Yaroslav's life are shrouded in mystery. He was one of the numerous sons of Vladimir the Great, presumably his second by Rogneda of Polotsk, although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Volodymyr. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Volodymyr's divorce from Rogneda and marriage to Anna Porphyrogeneta, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogeneta herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name of Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his remains.
In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov but was transferred to Novgorod, as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, "Yaroslav's") on the Volga. His relations with his father were apparently strained, and grew only worse on the news that Volodymyr bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Volodymyr's death prevented a war.
During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland. During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, and Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered. The Primary Chronicle accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders, while the Saga of Eymund is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris's assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav.
Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland. But Svyatopolk returned with Polish troops furnished by his father-in-law, seized Kiev and pushed Yaroslav back into Novgorod. Yaroslav at last prevailed over Svyatopolk, and in 1019 firmly established his rule over Kiev. One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to gain the Kievan throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation of the Novgorodian republic was laid. For their part, the Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than they did other Kievan princes; and the princely residence in their city, next to the marketplace (and where the veche often convened) was named Yaroslavovo Dvorishche ("Yaroslav's Court") after him. It probably was during this period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the East Slavic lands, "Yaroslav's Justice" (now better known as Russkaya Pravda, "Russian Truth").
Eleventh-century fresco of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev representing the daughters of Yaroslav I, with Anna probably being the youngest. Other daughters were Anastasia, wife of Andrew I of Hungary; Elizabeth, wife of Harald III of Norway; and possibly Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile.
Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of his brothers, Nestor the Chronicler and later Russian historians often presented him as a model of virtue, styling him "the Wise". A less appealing side of his personality is revealed by his having imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. Yaroslav and Mstislav then divided Kievan Rus between them: the area stretching left from the Dnieper, with the capital at Chernihiv, was ceded to Mstislav until his death in 1036.
In his foreign policy, Yaroslav relied on the Scandinavian alliance and attempted to weaken the Byzantine influence on Kiev. In 1030, he reconquered Red Rus from the Poles and concluded an alliance with King Casimir I of Poland, sealed by the latter's marriage to Yaroslav's sister Maria. In another successful military raid the same year, he founded Yuryev (today Tartu, Estonia) (named after Saint George, or "Yury", Yaroslav's patron saint) and forced the surrounding province of Ugaunia to pay annual tribute.
"In 1043, Yaroslav staged a naval raid against Constantinople led by his son Vladimir and general Vyshata. Although the Rus' navy was defeated, Yaroslav managed to conclude the war with a favourable treaty and prestigious marriage of his son Vsevolod to the emperor's daughter. It has been suggested that the peace was so advantageous because the Kievans had succeeded in taking a key Byzantine possession in Crimea, Chersones.
"To defend his state from the Pechenegs and other nomadic tribes threatening it from the south he constructed a line of forts, composed of Yuriev, Boguslav, Kaniv, Korsun, and Pereyaslav. To celebrate his decisive victory over the Pechenegs in 1036 (who thereupon never were a threat to Kiev) he sponsored the construction of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in 1037. Other celebrated monuments of his reign, such as the Golden Gates of Kiev, have since perished.
"Yaroslav was a notable patron of book culture and learning. In 1051, he had a Russian monk Ilarion proclaimed the metropolitan of Kiev, thus challenging old Byzantine tradition of placing Greeks on the episcopal sees. Ilarion's discourse on Yaroslav and his father Vladimir is frequently cited as the first work of Old Russian literature.
"In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of the king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift."
Yaroslav = son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110111111010100111110101111
Saint Vladimir I the Great (c. 958 - July
15,1015)
Also descended
from his daughter Maria Dobroniega
According to Wikipedia: "Vladimir Sviatoslavich the Great, also sometimes spelled Volodymer Old East Slavic: Володимеръ Святославичь (c. 958 near Pskov – 15 July 1015, Berestovo) was the grand prince of Kiev who converted to Christianity in 988], and proceeded to baptise all of Kievan Rus'. His name is spelt variously: in modern Ukrainian, for example, as Volodymyr (Володимир); in Old Church Slavonic and modern Russian, as Vladimir (Владимир); in Old Norse as Valdamarr; and, in modern Scandinavian languages, "Valdemar".
"Vladimir, born in 958, was the natural son and youngest son of Sviatoslav I of Kiev by his housekeeper Malusha. Malusha is described in the Norse sagas as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. Malusha's brother Dobrynya was Vladimir's tutor and most trusted advisor. Hagiographic tradition of dubious authenticity also connects his childhood with the name of his grandmother, Olga Prekrasa, who was Christian and governed the capital during Sviatoslav's frequent military campaigns.
"Transferring his capital to Pereyaslavets
in 969, Sviatoslav designated Vladimir ruler of
Novgorod the Great but gave Kiev to his legitimate son Yaropolk.
After Sviatoslav's death (972), a fratricidal war
erupted (976) between Yaropolk and his younger
brother Oleg, ruler of the Drevlians. In 977 Vladimir
fled to his kinsman Haakon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway in Scandinavia,
collecting as many of the Norse warriors as he could to assist him to recover
Novgorod, and on his return the next year marched against Yaropolk.
"On his way to Kiev he sent ambassadors to Rogvolod
(Norse: Ragnvald), prince of Polotsk,
to sue for the hand of his daughter Rogneda (Norse:
Ragnhild). The well-born princess refused to affiance herself to the son of a
bondswoman, but Vladimir attacked Polotsk, slew Rogvolod, and took Ragnhild by force. Polotsk
was a key fortress on the way to Kiev, and the capture of Polotsk
and Smolensk facilitated the taking of Kiev (980), where he slew Yaropolk by treachery, and was proclaimed konung, or khagan, of all Kievan
Rus.
"Vladimir continued to expand his territories beyond his father's extensive domain. In 981, he conquered the Cherven cities and Slavic Galicia; in 983, he subdued the Yatvingians, whose territories lay between Lithuania and Poland; in 985, he led a fleet along the central rivers of Kievan Rus' to conquer the Bulgars of the Kama, planting numerous fortresses and colonies on his way.
"Though Christianity had won many converts since Olga's rule, Vladimir had remained a thoroughgoing pagan, taking eight hundred concubines (besides numerous wives) and erecting pagan statues and shrines to gods. He may have attempted to reform Slavic paganism by establishing the thunder-god, Perun, as a supreme deity. "Although Christianity in Kiev existed before Vladimir’s time, he had remained a pagan, accumulated about seven wives, established temples, and, it is said, taken part in idolatrous rites involving human sacrifice."
“In 983, after another of his military successes, Prince Vladimir and his army thought it necessary to sacrifice human lives to the gods. A lot was cast and it fell on a youth, Ioann by name, the son of a Christian, Fyodor. His father stood firmly against his son being sacrificed to the idols. More than that, he tried to show the pagans the futility of their faith: ‘Your gods are just plain wood: it is here now but it may rot into oblivion tomorrow; your gods neither eat, nor drink, nor talk and are made by human hand from wood; whereas there is only one God — He is worshiped by Greeks and He created heaven and earth; and your gods? They have created nothing, for they have been created themselves; never will I give my son to the devils!’”
"An open abuse of the deities, to which most people in Rus bowed in reverence in those times, triggered widespread indignation. A mob killed the Christian Fyodor and his son Ioann (later, after the overall christening of Russia, people came to regard these two as the first Christian martyrs in Russia and the Orthodox Church set a day to commemorate them, July 25).
"Immediately after the murder of Fyodor and Ioann,
early mediaeval Russia saw persecutions against Christians, many of whom
escaped or concealed their belief.
"However, Prince Vladimir mused over the incident long after, and not in the last place, for political considerations too. The chronicles have it that different preachers came to the Prince, each offering a particular faith. Vladimir spoke to people of different faiths, but for different reasons rejected all the religions. Finally, a Greek philosopher told the prince of the Old and New Testaments and presented him with a canvas depicting Doomsday. When he learned of the fate the unrepentant were in for, Prince Vladimir was benumbed by terror and after a short pause said with a sigh: “Blessed are the doers of good and damned are the evil doers!”"
"The Primary Chronicle reports that in the year 987, as the result of a consultation with his boyars, Vladimir sent envoys to study the religions of the various neighboring nations whose representatives had been urging him to embrace their respective faiths. The result is amusingly described by the chronicler Nestor. Of the Muslim Bulgarians of the Volga the envoys reported there is no gladness among them; only sorrow and a great stench. They also said that the Bulgars' religion was undesirable due to its taboo against alcoholic beverages and pork; supposedly, Vladimir said on that occasion: "Drinking is the joy of the Rus'."] Russian sources also describe Vladimir consulting with Jewish envoys (who may or may not have been Khazars), and questioning them about their religion but ultimately rejecting it, saying that their loss of Jerusalem was evidence of their having been abandoned by God. Ultimately Vladimir settled on Christianity. In the churches of the Germans his emissaries saw no beauty; but at Constantinople, where the full festival ritual of the Byzantine Church was set in motion to impress them, they found their ideal: "We no longer knew whether we were in heaven or on earth," they reported, describing a majestic Divine Liturgy in Hagia Sophia, "nor such beauty, and we know not how to tell of it." If Vladimir was impressed by this account of his envoys, he was yet more so by political gains of the Byzantine alliance.
"In 988, having taken the town of Chersonesos
in Crimea, he boldly negotiated for the hand of the emperor Basil II's sister, Anna. Never before
had a Byzantine imperial princess, and one "born-in-the-purple" at
that, married a barbarian, as matrimonial offers of French kings and German
emperors had been peremptorily rejected. In short, to marry the 27-year-old
princess off to a pagan Slav seemed impossible. Vladimir, however, was baptized
at Cherson, taking the Christian name of Basil out of
compliment to his imperial brother-in-law; the sacrament was followed by his
wedding with Anna. Returning to Kiev in triumph, he destroyed pagan monuments
and established many churches, starting with the splendid Church of the Tithes
(989) and monasteries on Mt. Athos.
"Arab sources, both Muslim and Christian, present a different story
of Vladimir's conversion. Yahya of Antioch, al-Rudhrawari,
al-Makin, al-Dimashki, and ibn al-Athir[6]
all give essentially the same account. In 987, Bardas Sclerus
and Bardas Phocas revolted against the Byzantine emperor Basil II. Both rebels
briefly joined forces, but then Bardas Phocas proclaimed himself emperor on 14
September 987. Basil II turned to the Kievan Rus' for assistance, even though they were considered
enemies at that time. Vladimir agreed, in exchange for a marital tie; he also
agreed to accept Christianity as his religion and bring his people to the new
faith. When the wedding arrangements were settled, Vladimir dispatched 6,000
troops to the Byzantine Empire and they helped to put
down the revolt.
"He then formed a great council out of his boyars, and set his twelve sons over his subject principalities.
"It is mentioned in the Primary Chronicle that Vladimir founded the city of Belgorod in 991.
"In 992 he went on a campaign against the Croats, most likely the
White Croats (an East Slavic group unrelated to the Croats of Dalmatia) that
lived on the border of modern Ukraine. This campaign was cut short by the
attacks of the Pechenegs on and around Kiev.
"In his later years he lived in a relative peace with his other neighbors: Boleslav I of Poland, Stephen I of Hungary, Andrikh the Czech (questionable character mentioned in A Tale of the Bygone Years).
"After Anna's death, he married again, likely to a granddaughter of Otto the Great.
"In 1014 his son Yaroslav the Wise stopped paying tribute. Vladimir decided to chastise the insolence of his son, and began gathering troops against Yaroslav. However, Vladimir fell ill, most likely of old age and died at Berestovo, near Kiev.
"The various parts of his dismembered body were distributed among his numerous sacred foundations and were venerated as relics.
Vladimir = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101111110101001111101011111 Sviatoslav I of Kiev (c. 42 - March 972)) mated with 0.11011101101111110101001111101011110 Malusha, his housekeeper
According to Wikipedia: "Sviatoslav I Igorevich (Old East Slavic: С~тославъ / Свąтославъ Игорєвичь, Sventoslavŭ / Svantoslavŭ Igorevičǐ; Ukrainian: Святослав Ігорович, Svyatoslav Igorovič; Svetoslav; Russian: Святослав Игоревич, Svyatoslav Igorevič; Bulgarian: Светослав, Greek: Σφενδοσθλάβος, Sphendosthlabos) (c. 942 – March 972), also spelled Svyatoslav, was a warrior prince of Kievan Rus'. The son of Igor of Kiev and Olga, Sviatoslav is famous for his incessant campaigns in the east and south, which precipitated the collapse of two great powers of Eastern Europe—Khazaria and the First Bulgarian Empire; he also subdued the Volga Bulgars, the Alans, and numerous East Slavic tribes, and at times was allied with the Pechenegs and Magyars. His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion into the Volga River valley, the Pontic steppe and the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav remained a staunch pagan all of his life. Due to his abrupt death in combat, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to civil war among his successors.
Sviatoslav was the first true ruler of Kievan Rus' whose name is indisputably Slavic in origin (as opposed to his predecessors, whose names are ultimately derived from Old Norse). This name is not recorded in other medieval Slavic countries. Even in Rus', it was attested only among the members of the house of Rurik, as were the names of Sviatoslav's immediate successors: Vladimir, Yaroslav, Mstislav). Some scholars speculate that the name of Sviatoslav, composed of the Slavic roots for "holy" and "glory", was an artificial derivation combining those of his predecessors Oleg and Rurik (they mean "holy" and "glorious" in Old Norse, respectively).
Virtually nothing is known about his childhood and youth, which he spent reigning in Novgorod. Sviatoslav's father, Igor, was killed by the Drevlians around 942 and his mother, Olga, ruled as regent in Kiev until Sviatoslav's maturity (ca. 963).[4] His tutor was a Varangian named Asmud. "Quick as a leopard,"[5] Sviatoslav appears to have had little patience for administration. His life was spent with his druzhina (roughly, "troops") in permanent warfare against neighboring states. According to the Primary Chronicle:
Sviatoslav was noted by Leo the Deacon to be of average height and build. He shaved his head and his beard (or possibly just had a wispy beard) but wore a bushy mustache and a one or two sidelocks as a sign of his nobility. He preferred to dress in white, and it was noted that his garments were much cleaner than those of his men. He wore a single large gold earring bearing a ruby and two pearls.
His mother converted to Christianity at the court of Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus in 945 or 957. However, Sviatoslav continued to worship Perun, Veles, Svarog and the other gods and goddesses of the Slavic pantheon. He remained a pagan for all of his life; according to the Primary Chronicle, he believed that his warriors would lose respect for him and mock him if he became a Christian. The allegiance of his warriors was of paramount importance in his conquest of an empire that stretched from the Volga to the Danube.
Very little is known of Sviatoslav's family life. It is possible that Sviatoslav was not the only (and the eldest) son of his parents. The Russo-Byzantine treaty of 945 mentions a certain Predslava, Volodislav's wife, as the noblest of the Rus' women after Olga. George Vernadsky was among many historians to speculate that Volodislav was Igor's eldest son and heir who died at some point during Olga's regency. At the time of Igor's death, Sviatoslav was still a child and he was raised by his mother or at her instructions. Her influence, however, did not extend to his religious observance.
Sviatoslav, had several children, but the origin of his wives is not specified in the chronicle. By his wives, he had Yaropolk and Oleg. By Malusha, a woman of indeterminate origins, Sviatoslav had Vladimir, who would ultimately break with his father's paganism and convert Rus to Christianity. John Skylitzes reported that Vladimir had a brother named Sfengus; whether this Sfengus was a son of Sviatoslav, a son of Malusha by a prior or subsequent husband, or an unrelated Rus' nobleman is unclear.
When Sviatoslav went on campaign he left his various relations as regents in the main cities of his realm: his mother Olga and later Yaropolk in Kiev, Vladimir in Novgorod, and Oleg over the Drevlians.
Shortly after his accession to the throne, Sviatoslav
began campaigning to expand the Rus control over the Volga valley and the
Pontic steppe region. His greatest success was the conquest of Khazaria, which for centuries had been one of the strongest
states of Eastern Europe. The sources are not clear about the roots of the
conflict between Khazaria and Rus', so several
possibilities have been suggested. The Rus' had an
interest in removing the Khazar hold on the Volga
trade route because the Khazars collected duties from
the goods transported by the Volga. Historians have suggested that the
Byzantine Empire may have incited the Rus' against
the Khazars, who fell out with the Byzantines after
the persecutions of the Jews in the reign of Romanus I Lecapenus.
Sviatoslav began by rallying the Khazars' East Slavic vassal tribes to his cause. Those who would not join him, such as the Vyatichs, were attacked and forced to pay tribute to the Kievan Rus' rather than the Khazars.[15] According to a legend recorded in the Primary Chronicle, Sviatoslav sent a message to the Vyatich rulers, consisting of a single phrase: "I want to come at you!" (Old East Slavic: "хощю на вы ити")[16] This phrase is used in modern Russian (usually misquoted as "Иду на вы") to denote an unequivocal declaration of one's intentions. Proceeding by the Oka and Volga rivers, he invaded Volga Bulgaria and exacted tribute from the local population, thus bringing under Kievan control the upper Volga River. He employed Oghuz and Pecheneg mercenaries in this campaign, perhaps to counter the Khazars' and Bulgars' superior cavalry.
Sviatoslav destroyed the Khazar city of Sarkel around 965, and possibly sacked (but did not occupy) the Khazar city of Kerch on the Crimea. At Sarkel he established a Rus' settlement called Belaya Vyezha ("the white tower" or "the white fortress", the East Slavic translation for "Sarkel").[19] He subsequently (probably in 968 or 969) destroyed the Khazar capital of Atil. A visitor to Atil wrote soon after Sviatoslav's campaign: "The Rus attacked, and no grape or raisin remained, not a leaf on a branch."] The exact chronology of his Khazar campaign is uncertain and disputed; for example, Mikhail Artamonov and David Christian proposed that the sack of Sarkel came after the destruction of Atil.
Although Ibn Haukal reports Sviatoslav's sack of Samandar in modern-day Dagestan, the Rus' leader did not bother to occupy the Khazar heartlands north of the Caucasus Mountains permanently. On his way back to Kiev, Sviatoslav chose to strike against the Ossetians and force them into subservience.[23] Therefore, Khazar successor statelets continued their precarious existence in the region.[24] The destruction of Khazar imperial power paved the way for Kievan Rus' to dominate north-south trade routes through the steppe and across the Black Sea, routes that formerly had been a major source of revenue for the Khazars. Moreover, Sviatoslav's campaigns led to increased Slavic settlement in the region of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture, greatly changing the demographics and culture of the transitional area between the forest and the steppe.
The annihilation of Khazaria was undertaken against the background of the Rus'-Byzantine alliance, concluded in the wake of Igor's Byzantine campaign in 944. Close military ties between the Rus' and Byzantium are illustrated by the fact, reported by John Skylitzes, that a Rus' detachment accompanied Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros Phokas in his victorious naval expedition to Crete.
In 967 or 968 Nikephoros sent to Sviatoslav his agent, Kalokyros, with the task of talking Sviatoslav into assisting him in a war against Bulgaria. Sviatoslav was paid 15,000 pounds of gold and set sail with an army of 60,000 men, including thousands of Pecheneg mercenaries.
Sviatoslav defeated the Bulgarian ruler Boris II and
proceeded to occupy the whole of northern Bulgaria. Meanwhile, the Byzantines
bribed the Pechenegs to attack and besiege Kiev, where Olga stayed with Sviatoslav's son Vladimir. The siege was relieved by the druzhina of Pretich, and
immediately following the Pecheneg retreat, Olga sent a reproachful letter to Sviatoslav. He promptly returned and defeated the
Pechenegs, who continued to threaten Kiev.
Sviatoslav refused to turn
his Balkan conquests over to the Byzantines, and the parties fell out as a
result. To the chagrin of his boyars and mother (who died within three days
after learning about his decision), Sviatoslav
decided to move his capital to Pereyaslavets in the
mouth of the Danube due to the great potential of that location as a commercial
hub. In the Primary Chronicle record for 969, Sviatoslav
explains that it is to Pereyaslavets, the centre of his lands, "all the riches flow: gold,
silks, wine, and various fruits from Greece, silver and horses from Hungary and
Bohemia, and from Rus furs, wax, honey, and slaves".
In summer 969, Sviatoslav left Rus' again, dividing his dominion into three parts, each under a nominal rule of one of his sons. At the head of an army that included Pecheneg and Magyar auxiliary troops, he invaded Bulgaria again, devastating Thrace, capturing the city of Philippopolis, and massacring its inhabitants. Nikephoros responded by repairing the defenses of Constantinople and raising new squadrons of armored cavalry. In the midst of his preparations, Nikephoros was overthrown and killed by John Tzimiskes, who thus became the new Byzantine emperor.
John Tzimiskes first attempted to persuade Sviatoslav into leaving Bulgaria, but was unsuccessful. Challenging the Byzantine authority, Sviatoslav crossed the Danube and laid siege to Adrianople, causing panic on the streets of Constantinople in summer 970.[33] Later that year, the Byzantines launched a counteroffensive. Being occupied with suppressing a revolt of Bardas Phokas in Asia Minor, John Tzimiskes sent his commander-in-chief, Bardas Skleros, who defeated the coalition of Rus', Pechenegs, Magyars, and Bulgarians in the Battle of Arcadiopolis.[34] Meanwhile, John, having quelled the revolt of Bardas Phokas, came to the Balkans with a large army and promoting himself as the liberator of Bulgaria from Sviatoslav, penetrated the impracticable mountain passes and shortly thereafter captured Marcianopolis, where the Rus were holding a number of Bulgar princes hostage.
Sviatoslav retreated to Dorostolon, which the Byzantine armies besieged for sixty-five days. Cut off and surrounded, Sviatoslav came to terms with John and agreed to abandon the Balkans, renounce his claims to the southern Crimea and return west of the Dnieper River. In return, the Byzantine emperor supplied the Rus' with food and safe passage home. Sviatoslav and his men set sail and landed on Berezan Island at the mouth of the Dnieper, where they made camp for the winter. Several months later, their camp was devastated by famine, so that even a horse's head could not be bought for less than a half-grivna, reports the Kievan chronicler of the Primary Chronicle. While Sviatoslav's campaign brought no tangible results for the Rus', it weakened the Bulgarian statehood and left it vulnerable to the attacks of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer four decades later.
Fearing that the peace with Sviatoslav would not endure, the Byzantine emperor induced the Pecheneg khan Kurya to kill Sviatoslav before he reached Kiev. This was in line with the policy outlined by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in De Administrando Imperio of fomenting strife between the Rus' and the Pechenegs. According to the Slavic chronicle, Sveneld attempted to warn Sviatoslav to avoid the Dnieper cataracts, but the prince slighted his wise advice and was ambushed and slain by the Pechenegs when he tried to cross the cataracts near Khortitsa early in 972. The Primary Chronicle reports that his skull was made into a chalice by the Pecheneg khan, Kurya.
Following Sviatoslav's death, tensions between his sons grew. A war broke out between Sviatoslav's legitimate sons, Oleg and Yaropolk, in 976, at the conclusion of which Oleg was killed. In 977 Vladimir fled Novgorod to escape Oleg's fate and went to Scandinavia, where he raised an army of Varangians and returned in 980. Yaropolk was killed and Vladimir became the sole ruler of Kievan Rus'.
Sviatoslav has long been a hero of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian patriots due to his great military successes. His figure first attracted attention of Russian artists and poets during the Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774, which provided obvious parallels with Sviatoslav's push towards Constaninople. Russia's southward expansion and Catherine II's imperialistic ventures in the Balkans seemed to have been legitimized by Sviatoslav's campaigns eight centuries earlier.
Among the works created during the war was Yakov Knyazhnin's tragedy Olga (1772). The Russian playwright chose to introduce Sviatoslav as his protagonist, although his active participation in the events following Igor's death is out of sync with the traditional chronology. Knyazhnin's rival Nikolai Nikolev (1758–1815) also wrote a play on the subject of Sviatoslav's life. Ivan Akimov's painting Sviatoslav's Return from the Danube to Kiev (1773) explores the conflict between military honour and family attachment. It is a vivid example of Poussinesque rendering of early medieval subject matter.
In the 19th century, interest in Sviatoslav's career waned. Klavdiy Lebedev depicted an episode of Sviatoslav's meeting with Emperor John in his well-known painting, while Eugene Lanceray sculpted an equestrian statue of Sviatoslav in the early 20th century.[38] Sviatoslav appears in the Slavophile poems of Velimir Khlebnikov as an epitome of militant Slavdom:
|
Знаменитый сок Дуная, |
Pouring the famed juice of the Danube |
|
Наливая в глубь главы, |
Into the depth of my head, |
|
Стану пить я, вспоминая |
I shall drink and remember |
|
Светлых клич: "Иду на вы!". |
The cry of the bright ones: "I come at you!"[39] |
He is the villain of Samuel Gordon's novel The Lost Kingdom, or the Passing of the Khazars,[40] a fictionalized account of the destruction of Khazaria by the Rus'. The Slavic warrior figures in a more positive context in the story "Chernye Strely Vyaticha" by Vadim Viktorovich Kargalov; the story is included in his book Istoricheskie povesti.
In 2005, reports circulated that a village in the Belgorod region had erected a monument to Sviatoslav's victory over the Khazars by the Russian sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov. The reports described the 13-meter tall statue as depicting a Rus' cavalryman trampling a supine Khazar bearing a Star of David. This created an outcry within the Jewish community of Russia. The controversy was further exacerbated by Klykov's connections with Pamyat and other anti-Semitic organizations, as well as by his involvement in the "letter of 500", a controversial appeal to the Prosecutor General to review all Jewish organizations in Russia for extremism. The Press Center of the Belgorod Regional Administration responded by stating that a planned monument to Sviatoslav had not yet been constructed, but would show "respect towards representatives of all nationalities and religions."[43] When the statue was unveiled, the shield bore a twelve-pointed star.
Sviatoslav = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011111101010011111010111111 Igor, Prince of Kiev (ruled 912-945) md.
Saint Olga of
Kiev (c. 890- July 11, 969)
Second Family of Poland, Starting with Generation 29, 0.110111011011011110011000110 Sancha of Castile
0.110111011011011110011000110 Sancha of Castile (Sept. 21, 1154 or 1155 - Nov. 9, 1208) md. 0.110111011011011110011000111 Alfonso II of Aragon the Chaste or the Troubadour (1157 - 1196) reigned 1162 to 1196
We are also descended from Alfonso II Count of Provence another son of Alfonso II of Aragon
Sancha = daughter of
Generation 30
0.1101110110110111100110001101
King Alfonso VII of Castile (March 1, 1105 -
Aug. 21, 1157) by his second queen, 0.1101110110110111100110001100
Richeza of Poland (1140- June 16,
1185)
Richeza = the daughter of
Generation 31
0.11011101101101111001100011001 Vladislaw
II (1105
- May 30, 1159) Duke of Poland md. 0.110111011011011110011000110010 Agnes of Babenberg, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110001100101 Margrave Leopold II of Austria and half-sister of King
Conrad III of Germany
Vladislav = son of
Generation 32
0.11011101101101111001100011001 Boleslaw
III (Aug. 20, 1086 - Oct.
28, 1138) Wrymouth, a duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz
md. 0.110111011011011110011000110010 Zbyslava of Kiev (1085/1090 - 1114) Second
Family of Kiev
Boleslaw = son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011011110011000110011 Vladislaw I Herman (1044 - June 4, 1102) Duke of Poland md. 0.110111011011011110011000110010
Judith, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110001100101 Vratislaus of Bohemia
Vladislaw = son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110110111100110001100111 Casimir I (July 25, 1016 - Nov. 28, 1058) the Restorer md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100110 Maria
Dobroniega (1012 - Dec. 13, 1087), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001100011001101 Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev Family of Kiev
Casimir = son of
Generation 35
0.11011101101101111001100011001111 Mieszko II Lambert (990 - May 10/11, 1034) King of Poland md. 0.11011101101101111001100011001110 Richeza of
Lotharingia (995/1000 - March 21, 1063) Family of Lotharingia
Mieszeko = son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011011110011000110011111 Boleslaw I, Duke of Poland (967 - June 17, 1025) the Brave md. 0.110111011011011110011000110011110 Emnnilda of Lusalia
Boleslaw = son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110110111100110001100111111 Mieszko I (930 0 May 25, 1992) ruler of the Polans, Poland's first Christian ruler md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100111110 Dobrawa of Bohemia
Mieszko = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101101111001100011001111111 Siemomysl (d. 950/960) Duke of Poland
Simomysl = son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011011110011000110011111111 Lestek (b. 870/880 - 930/940) Duke of Poland
Lestek = son of
Generation 40
0.1101110110110111100110001100111111111 Siemowit Duke of Poland in the 9th century
Siemowit = son of
Generation 41
0.11011101101101111001100011001111111111 Plast the Wheelwright md. 0.11011101101101111001100011001111111110 Rzepicha
Plast = son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101101111001100011001111111111 1 Choscisko
______________
Second Hohenstaufen Family, Starting with Generation 29, 0.110111011011111101011010010010 Judith of Hohenstaufen
0.110111011011111101011010010010
Judith
of Hohenstaufen (c. 1133/1134
- July 7, 1191) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010011 Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the
Hard)
Judith =
daughter of
Generation 30
0.1101110110111111010110100100101 Frederick
II, Duck of Swabia md.
0.1101110110111111010110100100100
Agnes of Saarbrucken Family of Saarbrucken
Frederick
= son of
Generation
31
0.11011101101111110101101001001011 Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (c. 1050 -
before July 21, 1105) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001010 Agnes
of Germany
Frederick
= son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011111101011010010010111 Frederick
von Buren md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010110 Hildegard of Egisheim
_______
First Family of Saxony, Starting from Generation 29, with 0.11011101101111110101001111110 Mathilda, Duchess of Saxony
0.11011101101111110101001111110 Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (Jan. 6, 1156 - June 28. 1189) md. Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony (1129/1131 - Aug. 6, 1195) Family of Brunswick
Matilda = daughter of
Generation 30
0.110111011011111101010011111101 King Henry II of England (March 5, 1133 - July 6, 1189) Plantagenet Family md. 1152 0.110111011011111101010011111100 Eleanor of Aquitaine (1124 - April 1, 1204) Family of Aquitaine, Family of Normandy
_____________
Family of Normandy, Starting with Generation 29, from 0.11011101101101111001101110011
Henry II, King of England
0.11011101101101111001101110011 Henry II, King of England (Plantagenet) (1133-1189) reigned 1154-1189) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110010 Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) (daughter of William
X, Duke of Aquitaine, and duchess, Aenor de Châtellerault)
Henry = son of
Generation 30
0.110111011011011110011011100110 Empress
Matilda (1102-1110), briefly (contested) the first female
ruler of England in 1141 (widow of Henry V Holy Roman Emperor) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100111 Geoffrey
V Count of Anjou and Maine by inheritance, and Duke of Normandy by conquest 1144 the Handsome
(Plantagenet) (Aug. 24, 1113 - Sept. 7 1151) Plantagenet Family
Matilda = daughter of
Generation 31
0.1101110110110111100110111001101 Henry I, King of England "Beauclerc" (1068/1069-1135) reigned 1100-1135) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001100 Matilda
of Scotland AKA Edith, (c. 1080-1118) (the
daughter of Malcolm III King of Scotland, who was the son of Duncan I, King of
Scotland, who was murdered by Macbeth)
Henry
= son of
Generation 32
0.11011101101101111001101110011011 William
I the Conqueror, King of England (1027-1087) reigned 1066-1087 md. 1053 0.11011101101101111001101110011010 Matilda
of Flanders (c. 1031-1083 (daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101
Count Baldwin V of Flanders md.
0.110111011011011110011011100110100 Adela Capet (1000-1078/9),
daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101001 Robert II "The Pious", King
of France, First Family of Flanders
William
= son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011011110011011100110111 Robert I "The Magnificent"
(1000-1035), Duke of Normandy and his mistress 0.110111011011011110011011100110110 Herleve (1003-1050)
Robert
= son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111 Richard II "The Good" (963-1027),
Duke of Normandy d. 1026 md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101110 Judith de Rennes (982- 1017)
daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011011100 Conan I of Brittany (927-992)
Richard = son of
Generation 35
0.11011101101101111001101110011011111 Richard I "The Fearless"
(933-996), Duke of Normandy md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011011110 Gunnor (936-1031)
Richard
= son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011011110011011100110111111 William
I "Longsword" (893-
942), Second Duke of Normandy md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110111110 Sprota
William
= son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111 Rollo (860-932) founder and first ruler
of the Viking principality that became Normandy md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101111119 Poppa
[Overlapping
line. We are also descended from Rollo's daughter Gerloc
AKA Adele who married William III of Aquitaine]
According
to Wikipedia: "Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c.
932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon
became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of
Normandy, using his baptismal name. The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name
probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf.
the latinization of Hrólfr Kraki into the similar Roluo in
the Gesta Danorum, modern
Scandinavian name Rolf). Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus
et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells
of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then
died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving
Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of
Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event
in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga
Saga.
"Norwegian
and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and
Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest
source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae,
written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the
Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and
became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so
big that no horse (or at least not the Norwegian ponies of that era) could
carry him.
"The
question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute
between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century,
particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today,
historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a
certain conclusion can never be reached.
"In
885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged
Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary
was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked
for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains
in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred
retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought
off and sent to harry Burgundy.
"Later,
he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He
invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.
"In
911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of
King Charles the Simple. In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo
to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no
longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give
Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend
against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal
allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted
to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King
Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the
titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the
city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo
was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of
a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to
kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to
perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo,
Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then
lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.
"Initially,
Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine
river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte,
but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to
divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a
de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid
other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than
a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local
women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's
expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire
River.
"Sometime
around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword.
Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933.
According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death
drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front
of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped,
and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted
baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan
roots surfaced at the end.
"Rollo
is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct
ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family. The "Clameur de Haro" in the
Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo."
Rollo = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111 Rognvald Eysteinsson,
Earl of More in Western Norway, and founder of the Earldom of Orkney in the
Norse Sagas
Rognvald
= son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011011110011011100110111111111 Eystein Ivarsson b. 788 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway, a
"petty" king of Norway md. c. 819 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110
Ascrida Rognvaldsdatter Family of Early Norwegian
Kings
Eystein
= son of
Generation
40
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111111
Ivar Halfdan the Old an ancient,
legendary king from whom descended many of the most notable lineages of legend
____________
Family of Hungary, Starting from Generation 30, 0.11011101101101111001100011010 Piroska of Hungary AKA Saint Irene
0.11011101101101111001100011010 Piroska of Hungary
AKA Saint Irene (1088 - Aug. 13, 1134) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011011 Byzantine Emperor John
II Komnenos (Sept. 13, 1087 - April 8, 1143) reigned 1118 to 1143
Piroska =
daughter of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110011000110101
King Ladislaus I of Hungary (c. 1040
- July 29, 1095) md. 0.110111011011011110011000110100 Adelaide of Rheinfelden
Ladislaus = son of
Generation
32
0.1101110110110111100110001101011
Bela I
the Champion of Hungary (c. 1015- Sept. 11, 1063) md. 0.1101110110110111100110001101010 Richeza or
Adelaide of Poland
Bela = son of
Generation
33
0.11011101101101111001100011010111
Vazul
AKA Vaszoly (before 997 - 1031 or 1032)
Vazul = son of
Generation
34
0.110111011011011110011000110101111
Michael (after 960 - 995 or
c. 997), member of the House of Arpad
Michael = son of
Generation
35
0.1101110110110111100110001101011111
Taksony, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (before or around 931 - early 970s)
Taksony = son of
Generation
36
0.11011101101101111001100011010111111
Zoltan
AKA Zolta, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (c/ 99- or 903 - c. 950) md.
0.11011101101101111001100011010111110 daughter
of 0.110111011011011110011000110101111101 Menumorut
Zoltan = son of
Generation
37
0.110111011011011110011000110101111111
Arpad,
"Founder of the Country of Hungary" (c. 845-C. 907)
from Wikipedia:
In the
year of Our Lord's incarnation 819, Ügek, the noblest
chieftain of Scythia descending from the great house of Magog, took to wife in Dentumoger the daughter of Prince Eunedubelian,
called Emese, from whom he begot a son, who was named
Álmos. But he is called Álmos
from a divine event, because when she was pregnant a divine vision appeared to
his mother in a dream in the form of a falcon that seemed to come to her and
impregnate her and made known to her that from her womb a torrent would come
forth and from her loins glorious kings be generated, but that they would not
multiply in their own land. Because a dream is called álom in the Hungarian language and his birth was
predicted in a dream, so he was called Álmos. Or he
was called Álmos, that is holy, because holy kings
and dukes were born of his line.
— Anonymus: Gesta Hungarorum
Anonymus writes that Ügyek married Emese, a daughter of
"Prince Eunedubelian" in 819. She had seen
a divine dream of a Turul bird before Álmos's birth in c. 820, according to the chronicles. The Turul's role is interpreted as guardian spirit, who
protects the baby from harm until he grows up. It is supported by the
chronicles, according to whom the Turul appears to
the already pregnant woman.
Historian Gyula Kristó said Ügyek's name may have
been the chronicler' invention, since it derives from the ancient Hungarian ügy ("saint, holy") word.
It is
said, speculated or at least possible that the earlier Grand Princes of the
Hungarians were also descendants of the Hun Khans, as well as other Turkic
peoples, and through them from some daughters of Emperors of China. Simon of Kéza's Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
narrated that royal lineage that makes Hunnic ruler Attila the sixth-generation
ancestor of Árpád, conqueror of the Pannonian Basin,
through Attila's son Csaba, his son Ed, his son Ügyek,
his son Előd, his son Álmos.
Álmos was ruler of the Magyars and the father of Árpád
Arpad = son of
Generation
38
0.1101110110110111100110001101011111111
Almos, first head of the confederation of Hungarian tribes (c. 820 - c. 895)
Almos = son of
Generation
39
0.1101110110110111100110001101011111111
Ugyek
AKA Elod (second half of the 8th century - first half
of the 9th century) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011010111111110 Emese
Ugyek = son of
Generation
40
0.11011101101101111001100011010111111111
Edermen md. 0.11011101101101111001100011010111111110
Aracsilla of
Samarkand
Edemen AKA Ed = son of
Generation
41
0.110111011011011110011000110101111111111
Csaba
Csaba = son of Attila
Generation
42
0.1101110110110111100110001101011111111111
Attila
the Hun (406-463)
From the Origin and Deeds of the Goths by Jordanes:
Now this
Attila was the son of Mundiuch, and his brothers were
Octar and Ruas who are said
to have ruled before Attila, though not over quite so many tribes as he. After
their death he succeeded to the throne of the Huns, together with his brother Bleda. In order that he might first be equal to the
expedition he was preparing, he sought to increase his strength by murder. Thus he proceeded from the destruction of his own kindred to
the menace of all others. But though he increased his power by this shameful
means, yet by the balance of justice he received the hideous consequences of
his own cruelty. Now when his brother Bleda, who
ruled over a great part of the Huns, had been slain by his treachery, Attila
united all the people under his own rule. Gathering also
a host of the other tribes which he then held under his sway, he sought to
subdue the foremost nations of the world--the Romans and the Visigoths. His
army is said to have numbered five hundred thousand men. He was a man born into
the world to shake the nations, the scourge of all lands, who in some way
terrified all mankind by the dreadful rumors noised abroad concerning him. He
was haughty in his walk, rolling his eyes hither and thither, so that the power
of his proud spirit appeared in the movement of his body. He was indeed a lover
of war, yet restrained in action, mighty in counsel, gracious to suppliants and
lenient to those who were once received into his protection. He was short of
stature with a broad chest and a large head; his eyes were small, his beard
thin and sprinkled with gray; and he had a flat nose and a swarthy complexion,
showing the evidences of his origin. And though his
temper was such that he always had great self-confidence, yet his assurance was
increased by finding the sword of Mars, always esteemed sacred among the kings
of the Scythians. The historian Priscus says it was
discovered under the following circumstances: "When a certain shepherd
beheld one heifer of his flock limping and could find no cause for this wound,
he anxiously followed the trail of blood and at length came to a sword it had
unwittingly trampled while nibbling the grass. He dug it up and took it
straight to Attila. He rejoiced at this gift and,
being ambitious, thought he had been appointed ruler of the whole world, and
that through the sword of Mars supremacy in all wars was assured to him."
Attila = son of
Generation 43
0.11011101101101111001100011010111111111111
Mundiuck
____________
Second Family of Hungary, Starting from Generation 30, 0.11011101101111110100101100 Mary of Hungary
0.11011101101111110100101100
Mary of
Hungary (1257 - 1323) md.
0.11011101101111110100101101 Charles II, "the Lame", King of Naples and Sicily, King of Jerusalem,
Prince of Salerno
Mary = daughter of
Generation 31
0.110111011011111101001011001 Stephen V, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania, and Bulgaria, also Duke of Styria (1239 - 1272) md. 0.110111011011111101001011000 Elizabeth the Cuman, daughter of 0.1101110110111111010010110001 Köten (fl. 1223–41) a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century. He forged the important alliance with the Kievan Rus against the Mongols but was ultimately defeated by them at the Kalka River. After the Mongol victory in 1238, Köten led 40,000 "huts" to Hungary, where he became an ally of the Hungarian king and accepted Catholicism, but was nonetheless assassinated by the Hungarian nobility.
Stephen = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110111111010010110011
Bela IV, King
of Hungary and Croatia and Duke
of Styria (1206 - 1270) md.
0.1101110110111111010010110010 Maria Laskarina
Bela = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101111110100101100111 Andrew
II the Jerosolimitan, King of Hungary, Crusader (1177 - 1235) md.
0.11011101101111110100101100110 Gertrude of Merania
Andrew = son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011111101001011001111 Bela III, King of Hungary, AKA Caesar Alexius of the Byzantine Empire (1148-1196 md. 0.110111011011111101001011001110 Agnes of Antioch Family of Antioch
Bela = son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110111111010010110011111 Geza II, King of Hungary (1130-1162) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011110 Euphrosyne of Kiev
Geza = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101111110100101100111111
Bela II,
"the Blind", King of Hungary (1110-1141) md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111110 Helena of Raska
Bela = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011111101001011001111110
Almos,
Prince of Hungary md. 0.110111011011111101001011001111110
Predslava Second Family of Kiev
___________
Family of Saarbrucken, Starting from Generation 30, 0.1101110110111111010110100100100 Agnes of Saarbrucken
0.1101110110111111010110100100100
Agnes of Saarbrucken md. 1132 0.1101110110111111010110100100101 Frederick II, Duck of
Swabia
Agnes = daughter of
Generation
31
0.11011101101111110101101001001001 Frederick I,
Count of Saarbrucken (d. 1135) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001000 Gisela
of Lorraine Family of Lorraine
Frederick
= son of
Generation 32
0.110111011011111101011010010010011 Siegbert I, Count of Saarbrucken
The Family of Supplinburg, from Generation 30, with Gertrude of Supplinburg
0.110111011011111101010011111110 Gertrude of Supplinburg md. 0.110111011011111101010011111111 Henry X, Duke of Bavaria (c. 1108 - Oct. 20, 1139) Family of Brunswick
Gertrude = daughter of
Generation 31
0.1101110110111111010100111111101 Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor (before June 9, 1075 - Dec. 4, 1137) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111111100 Richenza of Northeim
Lothair = son og
Generation 32
0.11011101101111110101001111111011 Gebhard of Supplinburg (d. June 9, 1075) Saxon count in the Eastphalian Harzgau and Nordthuringgau md. 0.11011101101111110101001111111010 Hedwig of Formbach
He was killed in the 1075 Battle of Langensalza. His son was born shortly after his death.
Gebhard = son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011111101010011111110111
Count Bernhard of Supplinburg (d. c. 1069) md. 0.110111011011111101010011111110110 Ida of
Querfurt, niece of Saint Bruno of Querfurt
The Family of Aquitaine, Starting from Generation 30,
0.11011101101101111001101110010 Eleanor of Aquitaine
0.11011101101101111001101110010
Eleanor of
Aquitaine (1122-1204) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011
King Louis VII of France (1120-1180)
According to Wikipedia: "Eleanor of Aquitaine (or Aliénor), Duchess of Aquitaine and Gascony and Countess of Poitou (1122[1]–1 April 1204) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Europe during the High Middle Ages. Eleanor was Queen consort of both Louis VII of France and Henry II of England in turn, and the mother of two kings of England, Richard I and John. She is well known for her participation in the Second Crusade.... Eleanor of Aquitaine took up the crusade during a sermon preached by Bernard of Clairvaux. She was followed by some of her royal ladies-in-waiting as well as 300 non-noble vassals. She insisted on taking part in the Crusades as the feudal leader of the soldiers from her duchy. The story that she and her ladies dressed as Amazons is disputed by serious historians; however, her testimonial launch of the Second Crusade from Vézelay, the rumored location of Mary Magdalene´s burial, dramatically emphasized the role of women in the campaign. The Crusade itself achieved little. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no concept of maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. In eastern Europe, the French army was at times hindered by Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor, who feared that it would jeopardize the tenuous safety of his empire; however, during their 3-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fêted and Eleanor was much admired. She is compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates; he adds that she gained the epithet chrysopous (golden-foot) from the cloth of gold that decorated and fringed her robe. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace, just outside the city walls. From the moment the Crusaders entered Asia Minor, the Crusade went badly. The King and Queen were optimistic — the Byzantine Emperor had told them that the German Emperor Conrad had won a great victory against a Turkish army (where in fact the German army had been massacred), and the company was still eating well. However, whilst camping near Nicea, the remnants of the German army, including a dazed and sick Emperor Conrad, began to straggle into the French camp, bringing news of their disaster. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganized fashion, towards Antioch. Their spirits were buoyed on Christmas Eve — when they chose to camp in the lush Dercervian valley near Ephesus, they were ambushed by a Turkish detachment; the French proceeded to slaughter this detachment and appropriate their camp. Louis then decided to directly cross the Phrygian mountains, in the hope of speeding his approach to take refuge with Eleanor's uncle Raymond in Antioch. As they ascended the mountains, however, the army and the King and Queen were left horrified by the unburied corpses of the previously slaughtered German army. On the day set for the crossing of Mount Cadmos, Louis chose to take charge of the rear of the column, where the unarmed pilgrims and the baggage trains marched. The vanguard, with which Queen Eleanor marched, was commanded by her Aquitainian vassal, Geoffrey de Rancon; this, being unencumbered by baggage, managed to reach the summit of Cadmos, where de Rancon had been ordered to make camp for the night. De Rancon however chose to march further, deciding in concert with the Count of Maurienne (Louis´ uncle) that a nearby plateau would make a better camp: such disobedience was reportedly common in the army, due to the lack of command from the King. Accordingly, by midafternoon, the rear of the column — believing the day's march to be nearly at an end — was dawdling; this resulted in the army becoming divided, with some having already crossed the summit and others still approaching it. It was at this point that the Turks, who had been following and feinting for many days, seized their opportunity and attacked those who had not yet crossed the summit. The Turks, having seized the summit of the mountain, and the French (both soldiers and pilgrims) having been taken by surprise, there was little hope of escape: those who tried were caught and killed, and many men, horses and baggage were cast into the canyon below the ridge. William of Tyre placed the blame for this disaster firmly on the baggage — which was considered to have belonged largely to the women. The King, ironically, was saved by his lack of authority — having scorned a King's apparel in favour of a simple solder's tunic, he escaped notice (unlike his bodyguards, whose skulls were brutally smashed and limbs severed). He reportedly "nimbly and bravely scaled a rock by making use of some tree roots which God had provided for his safety," and managed to survive the attack. Others were not so fortunate: "No aid came from Heaven, except that night fell." The official scapegoat for the disaster was Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged (a suggestion which the King ignored). Since he was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. This did nothing for her popularity in Christendom — as did the blame affixed to her baggage, and the fact that her Aquitainian soldiers had marched at the front, and thus were not involved in the fight. Eleanor's reputation was further sullied by her supposed affair with her uncle Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch. While in the eastern Mediterranean, Eleanor learned about maritime conventions developing there, which were the beginnings of what would become admiralty law. She introduced those conventions in her own lands, on the island of Oleron in 1160 and later in England as well. She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands....Upon Henry's death on July 6, 1189, just days after suffering an injury from a jousting match, Richard was his undisputed heir. One of his first acts as king was to send William the Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison, but her custodians had already released her. [9] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the King. She ruled England in Richard's name, signing herself as 'Eleanor, by the grace of God, Queen of England'. On August 13, 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth, and was received with enthusiasm. She ruled England as regent while Richard went off on the Third Crusade. She personally negotiated his ransom by going to Germany."
Eleanor = daughter of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110011011100101 William X, Duke of Aquitaine (1099 - April 9, 1137) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100100 Aenor de Châtellerault (c. 1103 - March 1130 in Talmont), daughter of Viscount Aimery I of Chattellerault md. Dangereuse de L'Isle Bouchard (d. 1151)
According to Wikipedia: "William X of Aquitaine (1099 – April 9, 1137), nicknamed the Saint was duke of Aquitaine, duke of Gascony and count of Poitiers as William VIII of Poitiers between 1126 and 1137. He was the son of William, the troubadour by his second wife, Philippa of Toulouse. William was born in Toulouse during the brief period when his parents ruled the capital. Later that same year, much to his wife's ire, Duke William mortgaged Toulouse to Philippa's cousin, Bertrand of Toulouse, and then left on Crusade. Philippa and her infant son were left in Poitiers. Long after Duke William's return, he took up with Dangereuse, the wife of one of his vassals, and set aside his rightful wife, Philippa. This caused strain between father and son, until William married Ænor of Châtellerault, daughter of his father's mistress, in 1121.
"He had from her three children:
1. Aliaenor,
or Eleanor, who would later become heiress to the Duchy
2. Aelith, who married Raoul I of Vermandois
3. William Aigret, who died young
"As his father before him, William X was a patron of troubadours, music and literature. He was an educated man and strove to give his two daughters an excellent education, in a time when Europe's rulers were hardly literate. When Eleanor succeeded him as Duchess, she continued William's tradition and transformed the Aquitanian court into Europe's centre of knowledge. William was both a lover of the arts and a warrior. He became involved in conflicts with Normandy (which he raided in 1136, in alliance with Geoffrey le Bel of Anjou who claimed it in his wife's name) and France. Even inside his borders, William faced an alliance of the Lusignans and the Parthenays against him, an issue resolved with total destruction of the enemies. In international politics, William X initially supported antipope Anacletus II in the schism of 1130, opposite to Pope Innocent II, against the will of his own bishops. In 1134 Saint Bernard of Clairvaux convinced William to drop his support to Anacletus and join Innocent. In 1137 William joined the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, but died of suspected food poisoning during the trip. On his deathbed, he expressed his wish to see king Louis VI of France as protector of his fifteen-year-old daughter Eleanor, and to find her a suitable husband. Louis VI naturally accepted this guardianship and married the heiress of Aquitaine to his own son, Louis VII."
William = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100110111001011 William IX the Troubador, Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitu (Oct. 22, 1071 - Feb. 10, 1126) one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101 md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001010 Philippa of Toulouse
According to Wikipedia: "William IX (Occitan: Guilhèm de Peitieus; 22 October 1071 – 10 February 1126), called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101 and the first troubadour, that is, vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language. William was the son of William VIII of Aquitaine by his third wife, Hildegarde of Burgundy. His birth was a cause of great celebration at the Aquitanian court, but the Church at first considered him illegitimate because of his father's earlier divorces and his parents' consanguinity. This obliged his father to make a pilgrimage to Rome soon after his birth to seek Papal approval of his third marriage and the young William's legitimacy."
According to Wikipedia: "Philippa Maude of Toulouse (c. 1073–28 November 1118), also known as Philippa de Toulouse or Philippa de Rouergue, was the Duchess Consort of Aquitaine, and Countess of Toulouse. She is also considered by some historians as a Queen consort of Aragon and Navarre; however, that designation is based on a claimed marriage to King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon, which is now considered suspect.
Philippa was born in approximately 1073 to Count William IV of Toulouse, and his wife Emma of Mortain. She was his only surviving child, and thus, by the laws of Toulouse, his heiress. In 1088, William went on a pilgrimage to Palestine, leaving his brother Raymond of Saint-Gilles as regent. Before he left, it is claimed, he also married his daughter to the King of Aragon in order to disinherit her; however, evidence suggests that Sancho was still married to his previous wife at the time of his death in 1094.)
Willliam = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111001101110010111 William VIII of Aquitaine AKA Guy-Geoffrey (1025 - 25 Sept. 1086) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110010110 Hildegarde of Burgundy, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100101101 Robert I (Capet) of Burgundy, son of 0.1101110110110111100110111001011011 King Robert II of France [Overlapping line]
According to Wikipedia:
"William VIII (1025 – 25 September 1086), born Guy-Geoffrey (Gui-Geoffroi), was duke of Gascony (1052-1086), and then
duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers (as William VI) between 1058 and 1086,
succeeding his brother William VII (Pierre-Guillaume).
Guy-Geoffroy was the youngest son of William V of Aquitaine by his third wife
Agnes of Burgundy. He was the brother-in-law of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
who had married his sister, Agnes de Poitou. He became Duke of Gascony in 1052
during his older brother William VII's rule. Gascony
had come to Aquitanian rule through William V's marriage to Prisca (a.k.a Brisce) of Gascony, the
sister of Duke Sans VI Guilhem of Gascony. William
VIII was one of the leaders of the allied army called to help Ramiro I of
Aragon in the Siege of Barbastro (1064). This expedition was the first campaign
organized by the papacy, namely Pope Alexander II, against a Muslim city, and
the precursor of the later Crusades movement. Aragon and its allies conquered
the city, killed its inhabitants and collected an
important booty. However, Aragon lost the city again in the following years.
During William VIII's rule, the alliance with the
southern kingdoms of modern Spain was a political priority as shown by the
marriage of all his daughters to Iberian kings. He married three times and had
at least five children. After he divorced his second wife due to infertility,
he remarried to a much younger woman who was also his cousin. This marriage
produced a son, but William VIII had to visit Rome in the early 1070s to persuade the pope to recognize his children from
his third marriage as legitimate."
William = son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011011110011011100101111 William V of Aquitaine (969- Jan. 31, 1030) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100101110 Agnes of Burgundy, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001011101 Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy, son of 0.11011101101101111001101110010111011 Adalbert, King of Italy md. 0.11011101101101111001101110010111010 Gerberga of Macon
According to Wikipedia:
"William V (969 – 31 January 1030), called the Great (le Grand), was Duke
of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou (as William II or III) from 990 until his
death. He was the son and successor of William IV by his wife Emma, daughter of
Theobald I of Blois. He seems to have taken after his formidable mother, who
ruled Aquitaine as regent until 1004. He was a friend to Bishop Fulbert of Chartres, who found in him another Maecenas, and
founded a cathedral school at Poitiers. He himself was very well educated, a
collector of books, and turned the prosperous court of Aquitaine into the
learning centre of Southern France. Though a
cultivated prince, he was a failure in the field. He called in the aid of his
suzerain Robert II of France in subduing his vassal, Boso
of La Marche. Together, they yet failed. Eventually, Boso
was chased from the duchy. He had to contain the Vikings who yearly threatened
his coast, but in 1006, he was defeated by Viking invaders. He lost the Loudunais and Mirebalais to Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou. He had to give up Confolens, Ruffec, and Chabanais to compensate William II of Angoulême,
but Fulbert negotiated a treaty (1020) outlining the
reciprocal obligations of vassal and suzerain. However, his court was a centre of artistic endeavour and
he its surest patron. His piety and culture brought peace to his vast feudum and he tried to stem the
tide of feudal warfare then destroying the unity of many European nations by
supporting the current Peace and Truce of God movements initiated by Pope and
Church. He founded the abbey of Maillezais (1010) and
Bourgueil. He rebuilt the cathedral and many other regligious structures in Poitiers after a fire. He
travelled widely in Europe, annually visiting Rome or Spain as a pilgrim.
Everywhere he was greeted with royal pomp. His court was of an international flavour, receiving ambassadors from the Emperor Henry II,
Alfonso V of León, Canute of England, and even his suzerain, Robert of France.
In 1024–1025, an embassy from Italy, sent by Ulric Manfred II of Turin, came to
France seeking a king of their own, the Henry II having died. The Italians
asked for Robert's son Hugh Magnus, co-king of France, but Robert refused to
allow his son to go and the Italians turned to
William, whose character and court impressed many. He set out for Italy to
consider the proposal, but the Italian political situation convinced him to
renounce the crown for him and his heirs. Most of his surviving six letters
deal with the Italian proposal. His reign ended in peace
and he died on the last (or second to last) day of January 1030 at Maillezais, which he founded and where he is buried. The
principal source of his reign is the panegyric of Adhemar
of Chabannes."
William = son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110110111100110111001011111 William IV of Aquitaine (937 - Feb. 3, 994) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001011110 Emma, daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110010111101 Theobald I of Blois
According to Wikipedia: "William IV (937 – 3 February 994), called Fierebras or Fierebrace (meaning "Iron Arm", from the French Fier-à-bras or Fièrebrace, in turn from the Latin Ferox brachium), was the Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou from 963 to his retirement in 990. William's father, William III, abdicated to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien in Poitiers and left the government to Fierebras. His mother was Gerloc, the daughter of Duke Rollo of Normandy. His sister was Adelaide, wife of Hugh Capet, the king against whom William later battled for his duchy. His early reign was characterised by many wars. He fought frequently against the counts of Anjou, the first time against Geoffrey Greymantle, who had taken Loudun. In 988, he went to war with the newly-elected king of France, Hugh Capet, whom he refused to recognise. Capet had been granted Aquitaine by King Lothair before the latter had been reconciled to William's father. Capet renewed his claim on the great duchy and invaded it that year. A royal army was defeated on the plain of the Loire Valley. William sheltered the young Louis, the son of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, the last legitimate Carolingian heir. He opened the palace of Poitiers to him and treated him as royalty, regarding him as the true heir to the French throne. In 968, he married Emma or Emmeline, daughter of Theobald I of Blois and Luitgarde of Vermandois. Their marriage was stormy, in part because of William's indulgence in the pursuit of women and, a hunting aficionado, wild animals. She banished his paramours, they separated twice for long periods, and finally he retired to a monastery, as his father had done, leaving Emma to rule Aquitaine in the name of their son William until 1004. Their second son, Ebles, died sometime after 997."
According to Wikipedia: "Theobald
I (died 16 January between 975 and 978), called the Cheat(er) or the Trickster
(le Tricheur), was the first count of Blois,
Chartres, and Châteaudun from 960, and Tours from 945.Theobald was initially a vassal of Hugh the Great, Duke
of France. Around 945, he captured King Louis IV to the benefit of Hugh. In
return for freedom, the king granted him the city of Laon. He took the title of
"count" in Tours. He seized Chartres and Châteaudun
and remarried his sister to Fulk II of Anjou. In 958,
he met Fulk in Verron and
the two described themselves as "governor and administrator [of the]
kingdom [of Neustria]" and comites Dei gratia
("counts by the grace of God").
Theobald's sister married Alan II of Brittany and Theobald governed the duchy
during the minority of her son Drogo. Thus, Theobald extended his influence all
the way to Rennes. In 960, he began opposing Richard I of Normandy and entered into a long war with the Normans. In 961, he
attacked Évreux. The Normans responded by attacking
Dunois. In 962, he launched an assault on Rouen which failed. The Normans
burned Chartres in response. He took control of the fortresses of Saint-Aignan in the Loir-et-Cher , Vierzon, and Anguillon in Berry.
During the minority of Hugh Capet, he reinforced Chartres and Châteaudun. Around 960, he built Saumur. By his death, he
had built a vast power on the Loire, dominating central France. His daughter
Emma brought him the county of Provins, nucleus of
the later county of Champagne."
William = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101101111001101110010111111
William III of Aquitaine, the Towhead (915 - April 3, 963) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110010111110
Gerloc AKA Adele, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100101111101
Rollo of Normandy
[Overlapping
line. We are also descended from Rollo's son William I "Longsword"]
According to Wikipedia: "William III (915–3 April 963), called Towhead (French: Tête d'étoupe, Latin: Caput Stupe) from the colour of his hair, was the "Count of the Duchy of Aquitaine" from 959 and Duke of Aquitaine from 962 to his death. He was also the Count of Poitou (as William I) from 935 and Count of Auvergne from 950. The primary sources for his reign are Ademar of Chabannes, Dudo of Saint-Quentin, and William of Jumièges. William was son of Ebalus Manzer and Emilienne. He was born in Poitiers. He claimed the Duchy of Aquitaine from his father's death, but the royal chancery did not recognise his ducal title until the year before his own death. Shortly aftered the death of King Rudolph in 936, he was constrained to forfeit some land to Hugh the Great by Louis IV. He did it with grace, but his relationship with Hugh thenceforward deteriorated. In 950, Hugh was reconciled with Louis and granted the duchies of Burgundy and Aquitaine. He tried to conquer Aquitaine with Louis's assistance, but William defeated them. Lothair, Louis's successor, feared the power of William. In August 955 he joined Hugh to besiege Poitiers, which resisted successfully. William, however, gave battle and was routed. After the death of Hugh, his son Hugh Capet was named duke of Aquitaine, but he never tried to take up his fief, as William reconciled with Lothair. He was given the abbey of Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand, which remained in his house after his death. He also built a library in the palace of Poitiers."
According to Wikipedia: "Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy, using his baptismal name. The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum, modern Scandinavian name Rolf). Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.
"Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse (or at least not the Norwegian ponies of that era) could carry him.
"The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.
"In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.
"Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.
"In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple. In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.
"Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.
"Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.
"Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family. The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo."
William = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110011011100101111111 Ebalus Manzer Count of Poitu and Duke of Aquitaine (c. 870 - 935) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100101111110 Emiliene
According to Wikipedia: "Ebalus or Ebles Manzer or Manser (c. 870 – 935) was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892 and from 902 (Poitou) and 927 (Aquitaine) to his death. Ebles was an illegitimate son of Ranulf II of Aquitaine. The meaning of his surname is disputed. Manzer is a Germanic habitational name, but also a Germanic personal name formed from magin, meaning "strength" or "might" (cf magnus). It may also be a corruption of the Hebrew mamzer, meaning bastard, hence the appellation sometimes seen, Ebles the Bastard, and his supposed Jewish mother. The same surname was used by another Prince from Occitania, Arnaud Manzer, Count of Angoulême (born 952-died 988/92) who also was a bastard. No any other European Prince had name Manzer. This fact makes problematic the speculation about Germanic origin of the Ebles' surname.
"Ebles succeeded his father Ranulf in 890, but was driven out in 892 by Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France. Ebles gained the backing of William the Pious, Count of Auvergne, who placed Aquitaine under his own authority in 893.
"In 902, Ebles launched the reconquest of his county with an army lent by his distant relative William the Pious. He took Poitiers while Aymar was away and established control of the county. He was invested as count by Charles III, with whom Ebles had been raised.
"The comital title was the only one to which he ever had legitimate investiture. Ebles allotted the abbey of Saint-Maixent to Savary, Viscount of Thouars, who had been his constant supporter. He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925.
"In 904, he conquered the Limousin. In 911, Ebles was in Chartres with an army to oppose Rollo, the Viking leader.
"In 927, William the Younger, successor of William the Pious, and then his successor, his brother Acfred, died in the space of one year. Acfred had made Ebles his heir; Ebles thus found himself Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Auvergne, and Velay.
"In 929, King Rudolph started trying to reduce the power of Ebles. He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons. Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county."
Ebalus = son of
Generation 38
110111100110111001011111111 Rainulf II of Aquitaine (850 - Aug. 5, 890)
According to Wikipedia: "Ranulf II (also spelled Rannoux, Rannulf, Ramnulf, and Ranulph; 850 – 5 August 890) was Count of Poitou from 866 and Duke of Aquitaine from 887. On the death of Charles the Fat in 888, he styled himself King of Aquitaine and did so until 889 or his death, after which the title fell into abeyance.
"He may have been selected as a temporary king by the Aquitainian nobles, for they accepted Odo of France after his death. Only the Annales Fuldenses definitively give him this title. He is recorded to have taken custody of Charles, the young son of Louis the Stammerer and he certainly did not recognise Odo as king. He appeared in the Annales Vedastes in 889 with the title dux maximae partis Aquitaniae: "duke of the major part of Aquitaine." He founded the viscountcy of Thouars at about that time, part of larger movement to creat viscounts with powers over regional fortresses to man them against the Vikings.
"Ranulf was a son of Ranulf I and Bilichild of Maine. He married an Ermengard (died 935) and by her had a son, Ranulf III, who succeeded him in Poitiers. His illegitimate son Ebalus succeeded him in Aquitaine and, upon the death of Ranulf III, in Poitiers too."
Rainulf = son of
Generation 39
1101111001101110010111111111 Rainulf I Count of Poitiers and Duke of Aquitaine (820 - 866) md. 11011110011011100101111111110 Bilichild of Maine
According to
Wikipedia: "Ranulf I (also Ramnulf,
Rannulf, and Ranulph; 820 –
866) was a Count of Poitiers (from 835) and Duke of Aquitaine (from 852). He is
considered a possible son of Gerard, Count of Auvergne, and Hildegard (or
Matilda), daughter of Louis the Pious and Ermengard.
Few details are known about Ranulf I, except that he
died in 866 in Aquitaine from wounds received in the Battle of Brissarthe against the Vikings (in which Robert the Strong
also died). Ranulf I, is the 32nd Great-Grandfather
to Queen Elizabeth II"
The Welf or Guelph Family,
Starting from Generation 30, with 0.11011101101101111000111001010 Judith
of Welf or Guelph
0.11011101101101111000111001010
Judith of Welf or Guelph (d. 1130 or 1131) md. 0.11011101101101111000111001011
Frederick II, Duke of Swabia "the One-Eyed" (of the
Hohenstaufen dynasty) (1090 - April 6, 1147)
Judith = daughter of
Generation 31
0.110111011011011110001110010101 Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria "the Black" from the House of Welf or Guelph (d. Dec. 13, 1126) md. 0.110111011011011110001110010100 Wilfhild, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011100101001 Magnus Duke of Saxony, son of 0.11011101101101111000111001010011 Ordulf and 0.11011101101101111000111001010010 Wulfhild of Norway
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Henry III Von Este, called "The Black," Duke of Saxony md. Wulfildus, daughter and heir of Magnus, last Duke of Saxony of the Billung]
Henry = son of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100011100101011 Welf I, Duke of Bavaria (counts as Welf IV in Welf genealogy) (d. Nov. 6, 1101, Paphos) first member of the Welf branch of the House of Este; joined the Crusade of 1101 and died while returning md. 0.1101110110110111100011100101010 Judith of Flanders, daughter of 0.11011101101101111000111001010101 Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Guelph I Von Este, 1001; md. Judith, daughter of Balwin V Count of Flanders]
Welf = son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111000111001010111 Alberto
Azzo II of Este (c. 997 - c.
1097), Margrave of Milan and Liguria, Count of Gavello
and padua, Rovigo, Unigiana,
Monselice, and Montagnana;
around 1073 he made a castle at Este his residence from which the House of Este
takes its name md. around 1035 0.11011101101101111000111001010110 Chuniza of Altdorf, daughter of 0.110111011011011110001110010101101 Welf II Count of Altdof
for details see http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MODENA,%20FERRARA.htm#AlbertoAzzoIdied1029B
We are also
descended from Albert Azzo by way of another of his
sons, Fulco
[Cary-Estes p. 84 Alberto Azzo Von Este, Marquis of Este d. 1098 md. (1) 1040 to Cunissa (or Cunagonda), dau. of Guelph III, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 1020; son of Guelph II, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 980; son of Rudolph I, Duke of Lower Bavaria; son of Henry II; son of Henry I; son of Guelph the First, Duke of Lower Bavaria, 820]
Alberto = son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011011110001110010101111 Alberto Azzo I, Margrave of Milan (d. 1029)
Alberto = son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110110111100011100101011111 Oberto II md. 0.1101110110110111100011100101011110 Railend
Oberto II = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101101111000111001010111111 Oberto I, Count Palatine of Italy (d. Oct. 15, 975), founder of the Obertenghi family, Count of Milan from 951
Oberto = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110001110010101111111
Margrave Adalbert of Mainz,
Frankish noble who settled in Lombardy
___________
Doukas Family, Starting with Generation 31 0.110111011011011110011000110110 Irene Doukaina
0.110111011011011110011000110110
Irene Doukaina (c. 1066
- Feb. 19, 1123 or 1133) md.
0.110111011011011110011000110111 Byzantine
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos
(1048 - Aug. 15, 1118) reigned 1081 to 1118 md.
daughter
of
Generation 32
0.1101110110110111100110001101101 Andronikos Doukas (d. Oct. 14, 1077) md.
0.1101110110110111100110001101100 Maria of Bulgaria, Bulgaria Family
According
to Wikipedia, his father was a brother of Emperor constantine
X Doukas and his maternal grandfather was Niketas Pegonites. "In 1071 Andronikos was the commander of a section of the Byzantine
army in the campaign of Romanos IV Diogenes against
the Seljuk Turks of Alp Arslan. Commanding the rearguard of the army during the
Battle of Manzikert, Andronikos announced that the
emperor had been cut down and deserted from the battlefield. He was widely
blamed for causing the crushing defeat of the Byzantine forces and the
subsequent capture of Romanos IV by the enemy. In 1072, after Romanos had been released by Alp Arslan, Andronikos and his brother Constantine were sent out by
Michael VII and their father the Caesar John to intercept him. They defeated Romanos and hunted him down in Cilicia. It was Andronikos who finally obtained Romanos'
surrender and conducted him towards Constantinople. In spite
of his former hatred for the deposed emperor, Andronikos
is said to have opposed his blinding on 29 June 1072
son of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111001100011011011 John Doukas,
Caesar (d. 1088) md.
0.11011101101101111001100011011010 Eirene Pegonitissa
son of
Generation 34
0.11011101101101111001100011011011 Andronikos Doukas.,a
Paphlagonian nobleman who may have served as goernor of the theme of Moesia
__________
First Family of Lorraine, Starting from Generation 31, 0.11011101101111110101101001001000 Gisela of Lorraine
0.11011101101111110101101001001000
Gisela of Lorraine md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001001 Frederick I, Count of Saarbrucken (d. 1135)
Gisela =
daughter of
Generation 32
0.110111011011111101011010010010001 Theodoric II AKA
Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1115) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010000 Gertrude of Flanders
Theodoric
= son of
Generation 33
0.1101110110111111010110100100100011 Gerhard, Duke of Lorraine (c. 1030 - April 14, 1070)
and 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010
Hedwig
de Namur, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101 Albert
I, Count of Namur and 0.11011101101111110101101001001000100 Ermengarde, daughter of 0.110111011011111101011010010010001001 Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine Second Family of Lorraine
Gerard = son of
0.11011101101111110101101001001000111 Gerard de Bouzonville, count of Metz, and 0.11011101101111110101101001001000110 Gisela, possibly a daughter of 0.110111011011111101011010010010001101 Thierry I, Duke of Upper Lorraine
_____________
First Family of Flanders, Starting from Generation 31, with 0.11011101101101111001101110011010 Matilda of Flanders
0.11011101101101111001101110011010 Matilda of Flanders (c.
1031-1083) md. 1053 0.11011101101101111001101110011011 William the Conqueror, King of England (1027-1087) reigned
1066-1087
According
to Wikipedia: "Matilda of Flanders (c. 1031 – 2 November 1083) was Queen
consort of the Kingdom of England and the wife of William I the Conqueror. She
was the daughter of count Baldwin V of Flanders, and Adèle (1000-1078/9),
daughter of Robert II of France. At 4'2" (127 cm) tall, Matilda was
Britain's smallest adult queen, according to the Guinness Book of Records.
According to legend, Matilda (or "Maud") told the representative of
William, Duke of Normandy (later king of England as William the Conqueror), who
had come asking for her hand, that she was far too high-born (being descended
from King Alfred the Great of England) to consider marrying a bastard. When that was repeated to him, William rode from
Normandy to Bruges, found Matilda on her way to church, dragged her off her
horse by her long braids, threw her down in the street in front of her
flabbergasted attendants, and then rode off. Another version of the story
states that William rode to Matilda's father's house in Lille, threw her to the
ground in her room (again, by the braids), and hit her (or violently shook her)
before leaving. Naturally Baldwin took offense at this but, before they drew
swords, Matilda settled the matter by deciding to marry him, and even a papal
ban (on the grounds of consanguinity) did not dissuade her. They were married
in 1053....When William was preparing to invade England, Matilda outfitted a
ship, the Mora, out of her own money and gave it to him."
Matilda
= daughter of
Generation 32
0.110111011011011110011011100110101
Baldwin V Count of Flanders (d. Sept. 1, 1067) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110100 Adela
Capet (1000-1078/9), daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101001 Robert
II "The Pious", King of France
According
to Wikipedia: "Baldwin V of Flanders (died September 1, 1067) was Count of
Flanders from 1036 until his death. He was the son of Baldwin IV of Flanders,
who died in 1035. He, in turn, was a descendant of Ælfthryth,
daughter of Alfred the Great, King of England. In 1028 Baldwin married Adèle of
France in Amiens, daughter of King Robert II of France; at her instigation he
rebelled against his father but in 1030 peace was sworn and the old count
continued to rule until his death. During a long war (1046–1056) as an ally of
Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lorraine, against the Holy Roman Emperor Henry III,
he initially lost Valenciennes to Hermann of Hainaut. However, when the latter
died in 1049 Baldwin married his son Baldwin VI to Herman's widow Richildis and arranged that the sons of her first marriage
were disinherited, thus de facto uniting the County of Hainaut with Flanders.
Upon the death of Henry III this marriage was acknowledged by treaty by Agnes
de Poitou, mother and regent of Henry IV. From 1060 to
1067 Baldwin was the co-Regent with Anne of Kiev for his nephew-by-marriage
Philip I of France, indicating the importance he had acquired in international
politics."
According to Wikipedia: "Adela Capet, Adèle of France
or Adela of Flanders, known also as Adela the Holy or Adela of Messines; (1009
– 8 January 1079, Messines) was the second daughter of Robert II (the Pious),
and Constance of Arles. As dowry to her future husband, she received from his
father the title of Countess of Corbie."
Baldwin
= son of
Generation 33
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011 Baldwin
IV, Count of Flanders "the Bearded" (980-1035) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101010 Ogive
of Luxembourg
According
to Wikipedia: "Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–May 30, 1035[1]), known as the
Bearded, was Count of Flanders from 988 until his death. He was the son of
Arnulf II of Flanders. His mother was Rozala of
Lombardy. He was a seventh-generation descendant of Charlemagne through his
father and an eighth-generation one through his mother."
Baldwin
= son of
Generation 34
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111 Arnulf
II Count of Flanders (960 or 961-988) of Flanders ) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010110 Rozala of Lombardy
According
to Wikipedia: "Arnulf II of Flanders (960 or 961 – March 30, 988) was Count
of Flanders from 965 until his death. He was the son of Baldwin III of Flanders
and Matilda of Burgundy. Baldwin III died in 962, when Arnulf was just an
infant, and with Arnulf's grandfather count, Arnulf I, still alive. When Arnulf
I died three years later (965), the regency was held by their kinsman Baldwin Balso. By the time Arnulf attained his majority in 976,
Flanders had lost some of the southern territory acquired by Arnulf I. The
latter had given some parts of Picardy to King Lothar of France to help assure
his grandson's succession, and gave Boulogne as a fief
to another relative. Then early in Arnulf's minority Lothar had taken Ponthieu
and given it to Hugh Capet, and the first counts of Guînes
had established themselves.
According to Wikipedia: "Rozala of
Italy (also known as Rozala of Provence, or Susannah
of Italy) (c. 937–7 February 1003) was the daughter of King Berenger II of
Italy. By her first marriage, she was Countess of Flanders; by her second, she
was Queen of France. She was a seventh generation
descendant of Charlemagne.Her first marriage was to
Count Arnulf II of Flanders (d. 988). They had three children: Baldwin IV of
Flanders (980–1035); Eudes of Cambrai; and Mathilda
(d. 995). On her husband's death, she acted as regent for her young son. In 988
or 989, despite being over fifty years old, she married Robert the Pious, the
Rex Filius of France; he was not particularly
enthusiastic about the marriage, which had been arranged by his father, King
Hugh of France. She brought her husband Montreuil and Ponthieu as a dowry. Upon
her marriage, she took the name of Susannah. When her father-in-law died,
however, Robert repudiated her, desiring to marry Bertha of Burgundy in her
place. Rozala then retired to Flanders, where she
died and was buried. Robert retained control of her dowry."
Alnulf = son of
Generation 35
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111 Baldwin
III of Flanders (940-962) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101110 Matilda
of Burgundy
According
to Wikipedia: "Baldwin III of Flanders The Young
(940 – January 1, 962) was count of Flanders together with his father Arnulf I.
He died before his father and was succeeded by his infant son Arnulf II, with
his father acting as regent until his own death.
Arnulf I had made Baldwin co-ruler in 958. During his
short rule, Baldwin established the weaving and fulling industry in Ghent thus
laying the basis for the economical importance of the county in the centuries
to come. In 961 Baldwin married Mathilde Billung of
Saxony, daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony, by whom he had a son and heir
Arnulf II."
Baldwin
= son of
Generation 36
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111 Arnulf I the Great, Count of Flanders (890-965)
According to Wikipedia: "Arnulf I of Flanders (c. 890 –
March 28, 965), called the Great, was the third count of Flanders. Arnulf was
the son of count Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth,
daughter of Alfred the Great. He was named after his distant ancestor, Saint
Arnulf of Metz; this was intended to emphasize his family's descent from the
Carolingian dynasty. Arnulf greatly expanded Flemish rule to the south,
taking all or part of Artois, Ponthieu, Amiens, and Ostravent.
He exploited the conflicts between Charles the Simple and Robert I of France,
and later those between Louis IV and his barons. In his southern expansion
Arnulf inevitably had conflict with the Normans, who were trying to secure
their northern frontier. This led to the 943 murder of the Duke of Normandy,
William Longsword, at the hands of Arnulf's men. The Viking threat was receding
during the later years of Arnulf's life, and he turned his attentions to the
reform of the Flemish government."
Arnulf = son of
Generation 37
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111 Baldwin II Count of Flanders (875-918) md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111110
Aelfthryth (d. 929), daughter
of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111101
King Alfred the Great of England Family of Alfred
According
to Wikipedia: "Baldwin II (c. 865 – September 10, 918), nicknamed Calvus
(the Bald) was the second count of Flanders. He was also hereditary abbot of
St. Bertin from 892 till his death. He was the son of
Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith, a daughter of Charles the Bald. The early
years of Baldwin's rule were marked by a series of devastating Viking raids.
Little north of the Somme was untouched. Baldwin recovered, building new fortresses and improving city walls, and taking over
abandoned property, so that in the end he held far more territory, and held it
more strongly, than had his father. He also took advantage of the conflicts
between Charles the Simple and Odo, Count of Paris to
take over the Ternois and the Boulonnias.
In 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth (Ælfthryth,
Elftrude, Elfrida), a
daughter of King Alfred the Great of England. The marriage was motivated by the
common Flemish-English opposition to the Vikings, and
was the start of an alliance that was a mainstay of Flemish policy for
centuries to come. In 900, he tried to curb the power of Archbishop Fulk of Rheims by assassinating him, but he was
excommunicated by Pope Benedict IV. He died at Blandinberg
and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders. His younger son Adalulf was (the first) count of Boulogne.
According
to Wikipedia: "Ælfthryth, also known as Elfrida, (died 929), was the last child of Alfred the
Great, the Saxon King of England and his wife Ealhswith.
She had four or five siblings, including King Edward the Elder and Ethelfleda. Ælfthryth married
Baldwin II (d. 918), Count of Flanders. One of their descendants, Matilda of
Flanders (d. 1083), would go on to marry William the Conqueror, therefore
starting the Anglo-Norman line of Kings of England. Through her descendant,
Henry I of England, she is also a direct ancestor of the current monarch of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Elizabeth II."
Baldwin
= son of
Generation 38
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111111 Baldwin
I of Flanders md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110 Judith
of Flanders (Oct. 844-870) Holy
Roman Emperors
Judith
= character in "The Marsh King" by C. Walter Hodges and in
"Judith of France" and "Journey for a Princess" by Margaret
C. Leighton.
According to Wikipedia: "Judith of Flanders (844 – 870) was a daughter of the Frankish king Charles the Bald. Through her marriage to two kings of Wessex she was first a queen, then later through her third marriage to Baldwin, she became Countess of Flanders. Judith was born in October of 844, the daughter of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, and Ermentrude. Her father gave her in marriage to Ethelwulf, King of Wessex on October 1, 856 at Verberie sur Oise, France. Soon after, Ethelwulf's son Ethelbald forced his father to abdicate. Following Ethelwulf's death on January 13, 858, Ethelbald married his widowed stepmother Judith. However, the marriage was annulled in 860 on the grounds of consanguinity. Judith eloped with Baldwin in January 862. They were likely married at the monastery of Senlis before they eloped. The couple was in hiding from Judith's father, King Charles the Bald, until October after which they went to her uncle Lothair II for protection. From there they fled to Pope Nicholas I. The pope took diplomatic action and asked Judith's father to accept the union as legally binding and welcome the young couple into his circle - which ultimately he did. The couple then returned to France and were officially married at Auxerre. Baldwin was accepted as son-in-law and was given the land directly south of the Scheldt to ward off Viking attacks. Although it is disputed among historians as to whether King Charles did this in the hope that Baldwin would be killed in the ensuing battles with the Vikings, Baldwin managed the situation remarkably well. Baldwin succeeded in quelling the Viking threat, expanded both his army and his territory quickly, and became one of the most faithful supporters of King Charles. The March of Baldwin came to be known as the County of Flanders and was for a long time the most powerful principality of France."
Baldwin
= son of
Generation 39
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111111 Audacer
________
The Family of Dublin, Starting with Generation 31, from 0.1101110110110111100011011111110 Raignaillt of Dublin
0.1101110110110111100011011111110 Raignaillt of Dublin md.
0.1101110110110111100011011111111 Cynan ab Iago
(1014-1063)
According
to ThePeerage: " Ragnaillt of Dublin is the daughter of Olaf of Dublin.1 She married Cynan ab
Iago, son of Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig,
King of Gwynedd.1"
Raignaillit
= daughter of
Generation 32
0.11011101101101111000110111111101 Olaf of Dublin
Olaf
= son of
Generation 33
0.110111011011011110001101111111011
King Sigtrygg Silkbeard, King of Dublin md. 0.110111011011011110001101111111010 Sláine, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100011011111110101 Brian Boru, High
King of Ireland, Founder of the O'Brien Dynasty
According
to Wikipedia: "Sigtrygg II Silkbeard
Olafsson (also Sihtric, Sitric and Sitrick in Irish texts; or Sigtryg[2] and Sigtryggr[3] in Scandinavian texts) was a Hiberno-Norse
King of Dublin (AD 989–994; restored 994–1000; restored 1000 and abdicated
1036) of the Uí Ímair dynasty. He was caught up in
the abortive Leinster revolt of 999–1000, after which he was forced to submit
to the King of Munster, Brian Boru. His family also
conducted a double marriage alliance with Boru,
although he later realigned himself with the main leaders of the Leinster
revolt of 1012–1014. He has a prominent role in the 12th-century Irish Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh and the 13th-century Icelandic Njal's
Saga, as the main Norse leader at the Battle of Clontarf in 1014.
Sigtrygg's long reign spanned 46
years, until his abdication in 1036.[4] During that period, his armies saw
action in four of the five Irish provinces of the time. In particular, he
conducted a long series of raids into territories such as Meath,
Wicklow, Ulster, and perhaps even the coast of Wales.
He also came into conflict with rival Norse kings, especially in Cork and
Waterford.
He
went on pilgrimage to Rome in 1029, and founded Christ
Church Cathedral in Dublin in 1038. Although Dublin underwent several reversals
of fortune during his reign, on the whole trade in the city flourished. He died
in 1042.[4]
Sigtrygg
was of Danish and Irish ancestry. He was a son of Olaf Cuarán
(also called Kváran), King of York and of Dublin, and
Gormflaith. Gormflaith was
the daughter of the King of Leinster, Murchad mac
Finn,[5] and the sister of his successor, King Máel Mórda of Leinster. She had previously been married to the
King of Meath and High King of Ireland, Máel Sechnaill — the first of her
three husbands. She was a beautiful, powerful and
intriguing Irish woman, who according to the 13th-century Icelandic Njál's saga, was "the fairest of all women, and best
gifted in everything that was not in her own power, but it was the talk of men
that she did all things ill over which she had any power". Sigtrygg's paternal half-brother was Glúniairn,
"Iron-knee", who ruled as King of Dublin from 980–989.
An
incident involving the ransom of one of Sigtrygg's
sons late in his reign, in which "seven score British horse" were
mentioned in the list of demands, suggests that Dublin was one of the main
ports for importing horses into 11th-century Ireland, and that Sigtrygg and his family may have been personally involved
in husbandry.[8]
Sigtrygg
succeeded his paternal half-brother Glúniairn as King
of Dublin in 989.[4] The Irish annals record curiously little information about
Sigtrygg, his family or Dublin during the first five
years of his reign.[9] The reason for this silence was the arrival of the
future King of Norway, Olaf Tryggvason, who took up residence in Dublin for a
few years after marrying Sigtrygg's sister Gytha. Tryggvason had met Gytha
while raiding along the coasts of the Irish Sea.[9] The presence of a powerful
Viking leader in Dublin was a deterrent to Irish raids, and Trygvason
might have been weakening Sigtrygg's foes by
plundering them.
The
return of Tryggvason to Norway in 994 coincided with the temporary expulsion of
Sigtrygg from Dublin by his rival, King Ivar of
Waterford. Ivar's force of three ships may have numbered no more than 120 men,
showing the limited warfare of the time, and Sigtrygg
was back within a year. In 995, Sigtrygg and his
nephew, Muirchertach Ua Congalaich, attacked the church at Donaghpatrick
in County Meath. In retaliation, Máel
Sechnaill entered Dublin and took the ring of Thor
and the sword of Carlus.[ Sigtrygg then attacked Kells and Clonard in 997. In 998,
Máel Sechnaill and the King
of Munster, Brian Boru, forced Sigtrygg
to recognise their lordship by giving hostages.
These
events made Sigtrygg realise
that Dublin's wealth made him an attractive target, and that his city needed
powerful allies as well as walls for its security; the Dublin countryside was
unable to provide the resources which would allow for competition against
powerful Irish princes Sigtrygg first allied with his
maternal uncle, Máel Mórda,
King of the Uí Fáeláin of north Leinster. In 999,
they defeated their cousin the King of Leinster Donnchad
mac Domhnaill, and imprisoned him in Dublin.
Late
in 999, the Leinstermen, historically hostile to
domination by either the Uí Néill overkings or the
King of Munster, allied themselves with the Norse of Dublin and revolted
against Brian Boru.[1] This was the opportunity for Sigtrygg's second alliance with Máel
Mórda. Brian's forces inflicted a crushing defeat on
the united Leinster-Dublin army at the Battle of Glenmama, and followed up
the victory with an attack on the city of Dublin.[1] The 12th-century Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh gives two accounts of the occupation: that Brian
remained in Dublin from Christmas Day until Epiphany (6 January), or from
Christmas Day until St. Brigid's Day (1 February). The later Annals of Ulster
date the Battle of Glenmama to 30 December, 999,[12]
while the Annals of Inisfallen date Brian's capture
of the city to 1 January 1000.[13] In any case, in 1000 Brian plundered the
city, burned the Norse fortress and expelled Sigtrygg.[1]
According
to the Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh, Sigtrygg's flight from
the city took him north, first to the Ulaid and then to Aéd
of Cenél nEógain. Both
tribes refused to aid him. As Sigtrygg could find no
refuge in Ireland, he eventually returned, submitted to Brian, gave hostages and was restored to Dublin.[1] This was three
months after Brian ended his occupation in February. In the meantime, Sigtrygg may have temporarily "turned pirate" and
been responsible for a raid on St David's in Wales.
Brian's
daughter by his first wife was married to Sigtrygg,[3]
and Brian in turn took Sigtrygg's mother, the now
thrice-married Gormflaith, as his second wife.[3]
Dublin
enjoyed a sustained period of peace while Sigtrygg's
men served in the armies of Brian.[15] Sigtrygg never
forgot that the Ulaid had refused him aid when he had been forced to flee from
Dublin, and in 1002 he had his revenge when his soldiers served in Brian's
campaign against the Ulaid and ravaged their lands.[15] His fleet raided
Ulster, and he plundered Kilclief and Inis Cumhscraigh, taking many
prisoners from both.[16] They served under Brian against the Ulaid again in
1005, and against the Northern Uí Néill in 1006 and
1007.[15] With the submission of Cenél Conaill, the last of the Northern Uí Néill
Kingdoms in 1011, Brian was formally recognised as
High King throughout Ireland.
A remembrance of Sigtrygg's
reign during these years is preserved in the late medieval Icelandic Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent's Tongue. Only fragments survive of the
verses in the Sigtryggsdrápa, a drápa
composed by the skald Gunnlaug Illugason,
a visitor to Sigtrygg's court. The verses praise Sigtrygg for his royal ancestry, and give an impression of
Dublin as a busy, thriving port. Archaeological excavations of ships, gold,
clothing, and pieces for games from around this time seem to confirm the
description. According to the prose, Sigtrygg
considered rewarding the poet with ships and gold, but upon further
consideration instead granted him a new suit of clothes.
[edit] Second Leinster revolt against Brian Boru
Some time during the
1010s, Brian Boru divorced
Queen Gormflaith, and she began to engineer
opposition to the High King.[18] Around 1012, relations between Brian and
Leinster had become so strained that revolt broke out among the Leinstermen.[19] Sigtrygg aligned
himself with the forces of Máel Mórda,
leader of the revolt, and the chiefs Ua Ruairc, Ua Néill,
and others.[20] Together, they defeated Brian's ally Máel
Sechnaill near the town of Swords, and Brian for the
moment was unable to render assistance.[20]
Sigtrygg sent his son Oleif to lead a fleet
south to Munster to burn the Viking settlement of Cork.[15] The fleet also
attacked Cape Clear, and seems to have crippled Brian's naval power, which was
concentrated in Cork.
According
to Njál's saga, Gormflaith
"egged on her son Sigtrygg very much to kill
King Brian",[6] and to that end sent him to win first the support of Earl
Sigurd of Orkney, and then of Bróðir and Óspak of Man, at any price.[20] Sigtrygg
arrived in Orkney for Sigurd's Yule feast, at which he sat in a high seat
between the two brothers-in-law, Earl Sigurd of Orkney and Earl Gilli of the Southern Isles.[6] The saga also records that Sigtrygg was much interested by the tidings of the Burning
of Njáll Þorgeirsson at Bergþórshvoll and what had happened since.[6] Afterwards, Sigtrygg bade Sigurd to go to war with him against
Brian.[21] Despite Sigurd's initial hesitance and against the advice of his
men, he eventually agreed that he would arrive in Dublin by Palm Sunday with
all his host, on the condition that if they slew Brian, he would marry Gormflaith and become King of Ireland.[21][22]
Sigtrygg
went next to Man, where he also persuaded Bróðir to
be in Dublin by Palm Sunday,[19][23] and he promised Bróðir
too that, if successful, he would be allowed marry Gormflaith
and become King of Ireland; the terms of this agreement, however, were to be
kept secret.[24] Óspak was dissatisfied with the
arrangement,[22] and refused to "fight against so good a king".[21]
The
two forces met at the Battle of Clontarf, on Good Friday in 1014, a battle
which claimed the lives of the main commanders on both sides: principally Brian
and his son Murchad on the Munster side; and Máel Mórda, Sigurd and Bróðir on the Leinster-Norse side.[25] According to Irish
sources, Sigtrygg did not take part in the battle,
but was instead holding the garrison in reserve in Dublin.[26] The Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh records that Sigtrygg
was able to observe the progress of the battle and the movement of the battle
standards from the ramparts of his fortress.[27] As the modern Irish
medievalist historian Donnchadh Ó Corráin notes, Sigtrygg "wisely kept within the city and lived to
tell the tale".[25]
However,
earlier Scandinavian sources (notably the Orkneyinga
saga, Njál's saga and the Darraðarljóð,
composed soon after the battle) contend that he did actually fight valiantly at
Clontarf.[27] The Darraðarljóð, the pagan tones of
which show the persistence of paganism among the Vikings of Dublin, describes
the Valkyries as following the "young king" Sigtrygg
into battle.[28] Njal's Saga records that Sigtrygg was on the wing opposite Óspak
of Man for the whole battle, and that Óspak
eventually put the king to flight.[29]
[edit] Reign after Clontarf
Immediately
after Clontarf, Sigtrygg's fortunes appear to have
declined, even though he emerged with his kingdom intact.[30] Máel Sechnaill, now again recognised as High King, was undoubtedly the battle's main
beneficiary.[30] In 1015, plague struck Dublin and Leinster, and Máel Sechnaill seized the
opportunity by marching south to burn Dublin's suburbs.[30] While Sigtrygg was able to ally with Leinster for another attack
on Meath in 1017, the alliance was dissolved when Sigtrygg blinded his cousin Bróen,
Máel Morda's son and heir,
in Dublin.[30]
In
1018, Sigtrygg plundered Kells;
he "carried off innumerable spoils and prisoners, and slew many persons in
the middle of the church".[31] These captives would either have been
ransomed or sold off into Dublin's lucrative slave trade.[32] However, a
victory was also gained against Sigtrygg at Delgany in County Wicklow, when
he raided south in 1021:[32] the new King of Leinster, Augaire
mac Dúnlainge, "made a dreadful slaughter of the
foreigners" in the Kingdom of Breifne. In 1022,
the Dublin fleet sailed north against the Ulaid, only to be destroyed in a
naval battle against Niall mac Eochaid, after which
the Norse crews and ships were taken prisoner.[32]
According
to the American medievalist historian Benjamin Hudson, "matters went from
bad to worse" for Sigtrygg after the death of Máel Sechnaill in 1022.[34] The
great Irish princes began to compete for the High Kingship, and the political
situation in Ireland became chaotic as there was no clear choice for
supremacy.[34] Accordingly, "Dublin became a prize for those who would
rule Ireland and wanted the town's wealth to finance their ambitions."[34]
The medieval tower of the stone church of Ardbraccan,
County Meath, in which Sigtrygg
burned over 200 men
Hostages
were taken from Sigtrygg by Flaithbertach
Ua Néill, King of Cenél nEógain and the Uí Néill, and Donnchad mac Briain of Munster in 1025 and 1026 respectively, in support
of their bids for the High Kingship.[34] These hostages brought no security,
and Dublin was raided in 1026 by Niall mac Eocada of
the Ulaid in revenge for the naval attack of 1022.[35] Sigtrygg
was forced to make a new alliance with the men of Brega.[36] In 1027, Sigtrygg's son Olaf joined Donnchad
of Brega in a raid on Staholmock, County Meath.[36] Sigtrygg and Donnchad's army was defeated by the men of Meath under their king, Roen Ua Mael Sechlainn.[36][37]
Sigtrygg rallied to the fight again, and fought a
battle at Lickblaw where Donnchad
and Roen were slain.[36][37]
In 1029,
Sigtrygg's son Olaf was taken prisoner by the new
lord of Brega, Mathghamhain Ua Riagain.[7]
Sigtrygg was forced to pay a ransom of 1,200 cows,
and further conditions of the peace agreement required him to pay an additional
140 British horses, 60 ounces of gold and of silver, "the sword of Carlus", the Irish hostages of Leinster and Leath Cuinn, "four hostages
to Ua Riagain as a security
for peace, and the full value of the life of the third hostage."[7] Added
to the total, 80 cows "for word and supplication"[7] were to be paid
to the man who entreated for Olaf's release.[8] The incident illustrates the
importance of ransoming noble captives, as a means of political manipulation,
increasing one's own revenues and exhausting the resources of one's foes.
The
1030s saw a revival of fortunes for Sigtrygg. In 1030, he allied with the King of England,
Cnut, and together their fleets raided Wales.[38] A Dublin colony was
established in Gwynedd, and for the following years Sigtrygg
was at the height of his power.[38] In 1032, without allies, Sigtrygg won a victory on the Boyne estuary of a type
previously unseen by his dynasty for two decades, against a coalition of three
kingdoms:[36] over 300 members of the Conailli, the
Ui Tortain, and the Ui Meith
were captured or killed at the Battle of Inbher Boinne.[39] In 1035, he plundered the celebrated stone
church Ardbraccan in Meath,
burned 200 men inside, and carried another 200 off into captivity.[36] (In
revenge, the church at Swords was plundered and burned by Conchobhar
Ua Maeleachlainn,[40] who
in turn took away cattle and captives.[36])
Meanwhile,
in a renewal of ancient feuds that same year, Sigtrygg
executed at Dublin the Norse Lord of Waterford, Ragnall[40]—a grandson of
the Ivar who had expelled Sigtrygg from Dublin in
994.[36] However, Sigtrygg was forced to abdicate in
1036 by Echmarcach mac Ragnaill,
Lord of the Isles. He died in exile, at an unknown place, in 1042.[38]
Christ Church Cathedral, founded by Sigtrygg in 1038
Sigtrygg married Brian Boru's
daughter, Sláine, and they had one son: Olaf (d.
1034).[4] According to the Annals of the Four Masters, Olaf "was slain by
the Saxons" on his way on a pilgrimage to Rome.[40] He was survived by one
Ragnhild, from whom Gruffydd ap Cynan
and the Kings of Gwynedd were descended.[4]
Separately
from Sláine, Sigtrygg had
five children: Artalach (d. 999), Oleif
(d. 1013), Godfrey (d. 1036), Glúniairn (d. 1031) and
Cellach (d. 1042).[4][38] The annals record the death
of Oleif—"son of the lord of the
foreigners"—who was killed in revenge for the burning of Cork.[41] Glúniairn was killed by the people of South Brega in
1031.[42] Godfrey was killed in Wales in 1036 by one Sitric,
"son of Glúniairn"—as factionalism was
common among Viking settlers, this could have been the same Glúniairn
as Sigtrygg's half-brother, thus making Godfrey and
his killer cousins.[43] Sigtrygg's daughter Cellach died in the same month as her father.[44]
Sigtrygg
was also, according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "a
patron of the arts, a benefactor of the church, and an economic
innovator".[38] In the 990s, he established
Ireland's first mint, in Dublin.[38] He established a bishopric at Dublin and
in 1028 he made a pilgrimage to Rome.[38][45] It is thus possible to attribute
the origins of the establishment of territorial bishoprics in Ireland on the
Roman model, one of the most important results of 11th-century Irish Church
Reform, to Sigtrygg.[46] He went on to found Christ
Church Cathedral in Dublin in 1038, making it the oldest stone building in
Dublin, the oldest cathedral in Ireland, and uniquely the only cathedral in the
British Isles of Danish origin.[2] The cathedral was rebuilt in 1172 by Richard
de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, also known as "Strongbow",[2]
following the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland."
Sigtrygg
= son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110110111100011011111110111 Olaf or Amlaib Cuaran, king
of York and Dublin (c. 926? - 931) md. 0.1101110110110111100011011111110110 Gormflaith, (b. c. 960 - 1030)
daughter of 0.11011101101101111000110111111101101 Murchad
mac Finn, King of Leinster (she later married Brian Boru, Emperor of the Irish)
According
to Wikipedia: "Gormflaith was born in Naas,
County Kildare, Ireland, around 960. She was the daughter of Murchad mac Find, King of Leinster, sister of his
successor, Mael Mórdha mac Murchada, and widow of Olaf Cuaran,
the Viking king of Dublin and York. The main source of her life history is the Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh. She was also the mother of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard of Dublin. Gormflaith married Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill after
Olaf's death, but she is best known for being the third wife of Brian Ború, the High King of Ireland. She was the mother of Donnchad, who succeeded Brian as King of Munster. In 999,
Brian defeated Mael Mordha
and Sigtrygg 'Silkbeard' at
the Battle of Glen Mama. To negotiate peace, Brian married one of his daughters
to Sigtrygg and took Gormflaith
as wife. According to Njál's saga, which refers to
her as "Kormloð": "she was endowed
with great beauty... [but] was utterly wicked." She was later divorced by
Brian, and she began engineering opposition to the High King. She prompted Sigtrygg into gathering support from Vikings outside
Ireland, most notably Earl Sigurd of Orkney and Brodir
of the Isle of Man. The conflict she caused came to its climax at the Battle of
Clontarf, at which Brian was killed. Brian's forces were victorious, however,
and neither Gormflaith nor Sigtrygg
were killed, as they were safe behind the walls of Dublin. She died in
1030."
According
to Wikipedia: "Amlaíb mac Sitric
(c. 926?–981; Old Norse Óláfr
Sigtryggsson), commonly called Amlaíb
Cuarán, in Old Norse Óláfr kváran, was a 10th century Norse-Gael who was king of York
and king of Dublin. His byname, cuarán, is usually
translated as "sandal". His name appears in a variety of anglicized
forms, including Olaf Cuaran and Olaf Sihtricson, particularly in relation to his short-lived
rule in York. He was the last of the Uí Ímair to play
a major part in the politics of Britain and Ireland.
Amlaíb
was twice, perhaps three times, ruler of York and Northumbria
and twice ruler of Dublin and its dependencies. His reign over these
territories spanned some forty years. He was a renowned warrior and a ruthless
pillager of churches, but ended his days in
respectable retirement at Iona Abbey. Born when the Uí Ímair
ruled over large areas of Britain and Ireland, by his death the kingdom of
Dublin was a minor power in Irish politics. At the same time, Dublin became a
major centre of trade in Atlantic Europe and mastery
over the city and its wealth became the supreme prize for ambitious Irish
kings.
In
death Amlaíb was the prototype for the character Havelok the Dane. In life he was a patron of Irish poets
and Scandinavian skalds who wrote verses praising their paymaster. Amlaíb was married at least twice, and
had many children who married into Irish and Scandinavian royal families. His
descendants were kings in the Isle of Man and the Hebrides until the 13th
century.
The
earliest records of attacks by Vikings in Britain or Ireland are at the end of
the eighth century. The monastery on Lindisfarne, in the kingdom of Northumbria, was sacked on 8 June 793, and the monastery of
Iona in the kingdom of the Picts was attacked in 795 and 802. In Ireland Rathlin Island, off the north-east coast, was the target in
795, and so too was St Patrick's Island on the east coast in 798. Portland in
the kingdom of Wessex in south-west Britain was attacked during the reign of
King Beorhtric of Wessex (ruled from 786 to 802).
These
raids continued in a sporadic fashion throughout the first quarter of the ninth
century. During the second quarter of the century the frequency and size of
raids increased and the first permanent Viking
settlements (called longphorts in Ireland) appeared.
The
Ímar from whom the Uí Ímair
were descended is generally presumed to be that Ímar
(English pronunciation Ivar): "king of the Northmen of all Britain and
Ireland", whose death is reported by the Annals of Ulster in 873. Whether
this Ímar is to be identified with the leader of the
Great Heathen Army, or with Ivarr the Boneless, is
less certain.
Amlaíb Cuarán was probably
a great-grandson of Ímar. There is no contemporary
evidence setting out the descent from Ímar to his
grandsons, but it may be that the grandsons of Ímar
recorded between 896 and 934—Amlaíb Cuarán's father Sitriuc (d. 927),
Ragnall (d. 921), Gofraid
(d. 934), Ímar (d. 904) and Amlaíb
(d. 896)—were brothers rather than cousins.[5] Amlaíb's
father Sitriuc first appears in the record in 917
when he seized Dublin, a settlement which had probably been under the control
of an Irish king since the expulsion of the previous Viking rulers in 902.
Sitriuc ruled Northumbria
until his death in 927. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his marriage to King Æthelstan's sister at Tamworth on 30 January 926. According
to some late sources, such as the chronicler John of Wallingford, Amlaíb was the son of Sitriuc and
this West Saxon princess. Sitriuc's other sons
included Gofraid (died 951), king of Dublin, Aralt (died 940), ruler of Limerick, and, less certainly, Sichfrith and Auisle, listed
among those killed at the battle of Brunanburh in 937
by the Annals of Clonmacnoise.[8] A daughter of Sitriuc
named Gytha is said in the Heimskringla to have
married Norwegian pirate king Olaf Tryggvason, but she was probably a daughter
of Amlaíb Cuarán.
Following
Sitriuc's death, Amlaíb may
have become king in York for a short time,[10] but if he did it came to an end
when Æthelstan took over the kingdom of Northumbria and defeated Sitriuc's
brother Gofraid. According to William of Malmesbury, Amlaíb fled to
Ireland while his uncle Gofraid made a second
unsuccessful attempt to gain control of York. In 937 an attack on Æthelstan's kingdom by Gofraid's
son Amlaíb, assisted by Constantín
mac Áeda, the king of Alba, and Owen, the king of
Strathclyde, ended in defeat at the battle of Brunanburh.
William of Malmesbury wrote that Amlaíb
was present at Brunanburh and spied out the English
camp the night before the battle disguised as a skald.
King
Æthelstan died in 939 and his successor, his
half-brother Edmund, was unable to keep control of York. Amlaíb
mac Gofrith, ruling in Dublin, crossed to Britain
where he was accepted as king of the Northumbrians. He died in 941, shortly
after sacking the church of Saint Baldred at Tyninghame, struck dead by the saint's power according to
the Historia de Sancto Cuthberto.
York
Amlaíb Cuarán's career
began in 941, following the death of his cousin Amlaíb
mac Gofrith, when he became co-ruler of York, sharing
power with his cousin Ragnall son of Gofraid. According to the Annals of Clonmacnoise, Amlaíb had been in Britain since 940, having left another
son of Gofraid, Blácaire,
as ruler of Dublin.
Amlaíb and Ragnall ruled
in York until 944. The dating of events in period between the death of Æthelstan and the expulsion of Amlaíb
and Ragnall is uncertain as the various versions of
the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are in conflict. It appears that after Æthelstan's died, not only did Edmund lose control of Northumbria, but that the Five Burghs of the Mercian
Danelaw also pledged themselves to Amlaíb mac Gofrith. One of the Amlaíbs
stormed Tamworth according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
Here
Olaf broke down Tamworth and a great slaughter fell on either side, and the
Danes had the victory and led much war-booty away with them. Wulfrun was seized in the raid. Here King Edmund besieged
King Olaf and Archbishop Wulfstan in Leicester, and
he might have controlled them had they not escaped from the stronghold in the
night.
It
is not clear when in the period between 940 and 943 these events took place,
and as a result historians disagree as to whether they concern Amlaíb mac Gofrith or Amlaíb Cuarán.
Edmund
reconquered the Five Burghs in 942, an event celebrated in verse by the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Chronicle reports the baptism of Amlaíb,
with King Edmund becoming his godfather. This need not mean that Amlaíb was not already a Christian, nor would such a
baptism have permanently committed him to Christianity, as such baptisms were
often political acts. Alfred the Great, for example, had sponsored the baptism
of Christian Welsh king Anarawd ap Rhodri.[20] Amlaíb was expelled from the kingship of York in 944. The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that "King Edmund conquered all Northumbria and caused to flee away two kings [or
"royally-born men"], Olaf and Rægnald".
It is possible that rivalry between Amlaíb and Ragnall contributed to their fall. Æthelweard's
history reports that Amlaíb was deposed by a coup led
by Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, and an unnamed
Mercian ealdorman.
After
being driven out of Northumbria, Amlaíb
returned to Ireland while Ragnall may have been
killed at York. The Uí Ímair in Ireland had also
suffered in 944 as Dublin was sacked that year by the High King of Ireland Congalach Cnogba, whose power
base lay in Brega, north of Dublin on the lower reaches of the River Boyne. The
following year, perhaps as a result of the sack of
Dublin, Amlaíb's cousin Blácaire
was driven out and Amlaíb replaced him as ruler of
Dublin. Amlaíb was allied with Congalach
and may have gained power with his assistance.
Congalach and Amlaíb
fought against Ruaidrí ua Canannáin, a rival for the High Kingship who belonged to
the Cenél Conaill, based in
modern County Donegal. In 945 the two defeated part of Ruaidrí's
army in Conaille Muirtheimne
(modern County Louth) and the following year Amlaíb raided Kilcullen in the province of Leinster. In 947
Ruaidrí routed Congalach
and Amlaíb at Slane. Losses
among the Dublin men were heavy, with many drowning
while fleeing the battle. This defeat appears to have lost Amlaíb
his kingship, as the annals record that Blácaire not Amlaíb was the leader of the Dublin forces in the following
year. Blácaire was killed in 948 by Congalach, and
was succeeded by Amlaíb's brother Gofraid.
[
The course of events in Northumbria while Amlaíb was in Ireland is uncertain. While Edmund certainly
controlled Northumbria after Amlaíb
was expelled and Ragnall killed, he may soon after have lost control of the north to a Scandinavian king named Eiríkr, usually identified with Eric Bloodaxe.
If Erik did rule in Northumbria before Edmund's
death, it was only for a short time. Edmund was killed in 946,
and succeeded by his brother Eadred. The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Eadred
"reduced all the land of Northumbria to his
control; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he
wanted".[28] The Northumbrian submission to Eadred
led to a meeting with the notables of York led by Archbishop Wulfstan in 947, but the following year King Erik was back
ruling Northumbria and Eadred
laid waste to the southern parts of the kingdom— Ripon is mentioned as a
particular target—to force the Northumbrians to expel Erik, which they did.
The
following year, 949, by which time Blacáire was dead
and Amlaíb's brother ruling in Dublin, the
Northumbrians invited Amlaíb to rule in York.[30] His
return to England may have been with Eadred's
agreement.[31] That year Máel Coluim
mac Domnaill, the king of Alba, raided Northumbria as far south as the River Tees, capturing many
slaves and much loot. Whether this invasion was directed against Amlaíb, or perhaps intended to support him by plundering
only northern Northumbria which may have been outwith his control, is uncertain. A second invasion from
the north in 952, this time an alliance including Máel
Coluim's Scots and also
Britons and Saxons, was defeated. Again, whether this was aimed against Amlaíb, who was deposed in 952 and replaced by Erik, or was
mounted against King Erik in support of Amlaíb, is
unclear. Erik's reign was short and the Viking kingdom
of York was definitively incorporated into the kingdom of the English on his
death in 954. Amlaíb returned to Ireland, never again
to rule in York.
In
951, while Amlaíb was in Britain his brother Gofraid died in Dublin of disease.[33] Congalach's
rival Ruaidrí was also dead, leaving Amlaíb's former ally as undisputed High King and thus a
serious threat to Dublin and the south-eastern Irish kingdom of Leinster. This
threat was perhaps what led to Congalach's death in
an ambush at Dún Ailinne
(modern County Kildare) or at Tech Guigenn in the
region of the River Liffey while collecting tribute in Leinster in 956.[34] The
main beneficiary was the brother of Amlaíb's new wife
Dúnflaith, Domnall ua Néill, who became the next
High King of Ireland. The marriage linked Amlaíb not
only to the northern Uí Néill kindred of Cenél nEógain, but also to the
southern Clann Cholmáin as
he was now stepfather to Dúnflaith's young son Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill.
In
the early 960s Amlaíb Cuarán probably faced a challenge from the sons of his
cousin Amlaíb mac Gofrith.
In 960 the Annals of Ulster report that Cammán, son
of Amlaíb mac Gofrith, was
defeated at an unidentifiable place named Dub. Two years later one Sitriuc Cam—Cam means crooked or twisted and Cammán is simply the hypocoristic form of this byname, so
that Sitriuc Cam and Cammán
are presumed to be the same person—was defeated by the Dubliners led by Amlaíb Cuarán and the Leinstermen while raiding in Leinster. Amlaíb
Cuarán was wounded in the battle
but Sitriuc fled to his ships. Sitriuc
and his brothers appear to have raided Munster after this,
but disappear from the record soon afterwards and do not appear to have
returned to Ireland.
Amlaíb's activities in the early 960s seem
largely to have been limited to occasional raids in Leinster. He attacked
Kildare in 964, and it was a target again in 967 when Muiredach
mac Faeláin, abbot of Kildare, a member of Uí Dúnlainge kindred which ruled Leinster, was killed by Amlaíb and Cerball mac Lorcáin, a kinsman of Muiredach's.
Another raid south in 964 ended in a heavy defeat for Amlaíb
near Inistogue (modern County Kildare) at the hands
of the Osraige.
Until
the late 960s Domnall ua Néill, Congalach's
successor as would-be High King, was occupied with enemies close to home, and
in Connacht and Munster, and did not intervene in Leinster or the hinterlands
of Dublin. Having defeated these, in 968 he marched south and plundered
Leinster, killing several notables, and laid siege to Dublin for two months.
While Domnall did not take the port, he carried off a
great many cattle. Amlaíb, allied with the king of
Leinster Murchad mac Finn, retaliated by attacking
the abbey of Kells in 969. A pursuit by ua Néill's allies was defeated
near Ardmulchan (County Meath).
In
970 Domnall ua Néill and his allies attacked Amlaíb's
new-found ally, Congalach's son Domnall,
the king of Brega. Domnall mac Congalaig
was married to a daughter of Amlaíb, perhaps at about
this time. Churches in Brega, including Monasterboice
and Dunleer, guarded by Amlaíb's
soldiers, were a particular target of the raids. Domnall
of Brega and Amlaíb fought against Domnall ua Néill's
northern army at Kilmona in modern County Westmeath. Domnall's army, which included allies from Ulaid was
defeated, and Ardgal mac Matudáin,
king of Ulaid, and Cináed mac Crongilla,
king of Conaille Muirtheimne,
were among those killed. The battle at Kilmona did
not end the war in the midlands. Monasterboice and Dunleer were burned after the battle and fighting spread to
the lands of Clann Cholmáin
the following year when Domnall ua
Néill's enemies there drove him out, only for him to
return with an army and ravage both Mide and the
lands around Dublin before marching south to attack Leinster. This campaign
appears to have established Domnall ua Néill as effective overlord of
the midlands and Leinster for some years.
In
977, in unknown circumstances, Domnall ua Néill's sons Congalach and Muirchertach were
killed and Amlaíb is given credit for their deaths by
the annals. Domnall made no effort to avenge the
deaths, retiring to the monastery at Armagh where he died in 980. The Dubliners
campaigned against Leinster the late 970s. The
overking of Leinster, Úgaire mac Túathail,
was captured in 976. He was evidently ransomed or released as he was killed,
along with Muiredach mac Riain
of Uí Cheinnselaig of south Leinster, fighting
against the Dubliners in 978 at Belan (County
Kildare). Úgaire's successor Domnall
Claen was little more fortunate, being captured by
the Dubliners the following year.
Following
the death of High King Domnall ua
Néill, Amlaíb's stepson Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill claimed the title. Amlaíb's
former ally Domnall son of Congalach
had died in 976, removing one potential rival, and ss Amlaíb
had killed two of Domnall ua
Néill's sons he may have cleared the way for Máel Sechnaill to take power. If
so, it was unlikely to be by design. Máel Sechnaill had become king of Mide
and head of Clann Cholmáin
in 975 and had inaugurated his reign with an attack on his stepfather when he
burned "Thor's Wood" outside Dublin. In 980 Máel
Sechnaill had the support of the Leinstermen
when he faced Amlaíb's sons—Amlaíb
himself was by now an old man—near the hill of Tara. The Dubliners too had
allies as the Irish annals record the presence of warriors from the Isle of Man
or the Hebrides. Amlaíb's son Ragnall
(Rögnvaldr) was among the dead in the battle which
followed, and although several kings fighting alongside Máel
Sechnaill were killed, the result was clearly a
crushing blow for Dublin. Máel Sechnaill
occupied the city and imposed a heavy tribute on the citizens.
In the aftermath of this defeat Amlaíb
abdicated, or was removed from power. He was replaced
by a son named Glúniairn (Járnkné),
a son of Dúnlaith and thus Máel
Sechnaill's half-brother. Amlaíb
retired to the monastery on Iona where he died soon afterwards.
Marriages
and children
He
was succeeded by his son Glúniairn (Járnkné, literally "Iron Knee"), son of his wife Dúnlaith, daughter of Muirchertach
mac Néill. Among his wives was Gormflaith,
daughter of Murchad mac Finn, King of Leinster, and
future wife of Brian Boru. Gormflaith's
son Sitric Silkbeard was
king of Dublin after Glúniairn's death. Amlaíb's other children included Gytha,
who married Olaf Tryggvason, Máel Muire, who married Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, and Harald, possibly the grandfather of Godred Crovan.
Amlaíb's byname, cuarán,
is usually translated as "sandal" or "shoe". It derives
from the Old Irish word cúar meaning bent or crooked.
It is first applied to him in the report of the battle of Slane
in 947 in the Annals of Ulster. The usual translation may be misleading. The
epithet probably refers to a distinctive style of footwear. Benjamin Hudson
points to the description of a cuarán in a twelfth century
satire, where it is made of leather folded seven times and has a pointed toe.
In Aislinge Meic Con Glinne and Scél Baili Binnbérlaig, the cuarán is waterproof. In the first story Mac Con Glinne cleans his by dipping them in his bath; in the
second, a cuarán serves as a vessel to drink from.
That the cuarán was a piece of footwear specific to
Dublin is suggested by statements in other stories that have cobblers in the
town owing a cuarán in taxes.
Olaf
or Amlaib = son of
0.11011101101101111000110111111101111 Sitriuc Caech
or Sigtrygg (d. 927)
According
to Wikipedia: "Sihtric Cáech
(or in Norse Sigtrygg) (died 927) was a Norse King of
Dublin who later reigned as King of York. His epithet means the 'Squinty'. He
belonged to the House of Ivar.
The
Annals of Ulster records the arrival of two viking
fleets in Ireland in 917, one led by Ragnall and the
other by Sihtric, both of the House
of Ivar. They fought a battle against Niall Glundub
in which the Irish were routed, and according to the annals Sihtric
then "entered Áth Cliath",
i.e. Dublin, which we must assume means that he took
possession of it. Ragnall Uí Ímair
went on to Scotland[2], and then conquered York and
became king there.
Sihtric
fought several battles with Niall Glundub. Warfare is
recorded in 918, and in 919 Niall and several other Irish petty kings where killed in a major battle at Dublin. This was probably
the most devastating defeat ever inflicted on the Irish by the Norse, and Sihtric's possession of Dublin seemed secure. Sihtric however left Dublin already in 920 or 921, the
pious annalist claims he left "through the power of God". The truth
of it was that Sihtric had ambititions
elsewhere, and following Ragnall's
death he became king of York. His kinsman Guthfrith
ruled in Dublin.
Sihtric attacked Mercia from the Mersey which formed part of the
border between Mercia and the Viking Kingdom of York. He also commanded Viking
forces in the Battle of Confey and other battles.
In
926 he married King Athelstan of England's sister in a political move designed
by Athelstan to build up his influence in the north of England. Sihtric died suddenly only a year later in 927 and
Athelstan assumed his throne.[6]
Sihtric's
son Olaf, whom the Irish nicknamed Cuaran, later
succeeded him both as king of Dublin and of York. His son Guthfrith
Sihtricesson ruled Dublin."
_________
Family of Bulgaria, Starting from Generation 32, with 0.1101110110110111100110001101100 Maria of Bulgaria
0.1101110110110111100110001101100 Maria of Bulgaria md. 0.1101110110110111100110001101101
Andronikos Doukas
(d. Oct. 14, 1077)
daughter
of
Generation 33
0.11011101101101111001100011011001 Troian of
Bulgaria,
son of
Generation 34
0.110111011011011110011000110110011 Emperor
Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria reigned
Aug. or Sept. 1015 to Feb. 1018
son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110110111100110001101100111 Aron
of Bulgaria
son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101101111001100011011001111 Comita Nikola, Duke of Sofia md. 0.11011101101101111001100011011001110 Ripsimia of
Armenia (911 - 969) Family of Armenia
____________
Second Family of Wessex, Starting from Generation 32, 0.11011101101111110101001111101010 Gytha of Wessex
0.11011101101111110101001111101010 Gytha of Wessex, md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110101 Valdimir Monomakh of Kiev (1053-1125)
Gytha
= daughter of
Generation 33
0.110111011011111101010011111010101 King Harold II of England [Harold Godwinson] (c. 1022 - Oct. 14, 1066) ated
with 0.110111011011111101010011111010100
Edith
Swanneck (c. 1025 - c. 1086)
According
to Wikipedia: "Edith Swannesha ,"Edith [the] Gentle Swan"; c.1025
– c. 1086), also known as Edith Swanneschals or Edith
the Fair, is best known as the unwedded consort of King Harold II of England.
Her common name comes from a historical misinterpretation that her nickname
represented Old English swann hnecca, "swan neck". She is sometimes
confused with Ældgyth, daughter of Ealdorman Ælfgar of Mercia, and Harold's Queen consort.
"She
bore Harold several children and was his common law wife (according to Danish
law, by a civil "handfast" marriage) for over 20 years. Though she
was not considered Harold's wife by the Church, there is no indication that the
children she bore by Harold were treated as illegitimate by the culture at the
time. In fact, one of Harold Godwinesson and Edith
Swan-Neck's daughters, Gyda Haraldsdatter, (also
known as Gytha of Wessex), was addressed as
"princess" and was married to the Grand Duke Of
Kiev, Vladimir Monomakh.
"Though
King Harold II is said to have lawfully married Edith of Mercia, the widow of
the Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, (whom he defeated in battle), in 1064,
this is seen by most modern scholars as a marriage of political means, or even
dismissed as misunderstanding or propaganda. Since at the time Mercia and Wales
were allied against England, the political marriage would give the English
claim in two very troublesome regions, as well as give Harold Godwinesson a marriage deemed "legitimate" by the
clergy of the Church, something his longtime common law wife, Edith Swan-Neck
unfortunately could not provide.
"Edith
Swan-Neck would be remembered in history and folklore for one very important
thing: it was she who identified Harold after his defeat at The Battle of
Hastings. Harold's body was horrifically mutilated after the battle by the
Norman army of William the Conqueror, and, despite the pleas by Harold's own
mother for William to surrender Harold's body for burial, the Norman army
refused, even though Harold's mother offered William Harold's weight in gold.
It was then that Edith Swan-Neck walked through the carnage of the battle so
that she might identify Harold by markings on his chest known only to her. It
was because of Edith Swan-Neck's identification of Harold's body that Harold
was given a Christian burial by the monks at Waltham Abbey. This legend was
recounted in the well-known poem by Heinrich
Heine, "The Battlefield of Hastings" (1855), which
features Edith Swan-neck as the main character and claims that the 'marks known
only to her' were in fact love bites."
According
to Wikipedia: "Harold Godwinson (or Harold II) (c. 1022 – 14 October 1066) was the
last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Harold reigned from 5 January 1066, until his
death at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October of that same year, fighting the
Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror. Harold is one of only three Kings
of England to have died in warfare, alongside Richard the Lionheart and Richard
III.
"Harold
was a son of Godwin, the powerful Earl of Wessex, and his wife Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, whose
supposed brother Ulf Jarl was the son-in-law of Sweyn I and the father of Sweyn
II of Denmark.
"Godwin
and Gytha had several children, notably sons Sweyn,
Harold, Tostig, Gyrth and Leofwine
and a daughter, Edith of Wessex (1029–75), who became Queen consort of Edward
the Confessor.
"As
a result of his sister's marriage to the king, Godwin's second son, Harold,
became Earl of East Anglia in 1045. Harold accompanied his father into exile in
1051, but helped him to regain his position a year
later. When Godwin died in 1053, Harold succeeded him as Earl of Wessex (a
province at that time covering the southernmost third of England). This
arguably made him the most powerful figure in England after the king.
"In 1058, Harold also became Earl of Hereford, and replaced
his late father as the focus of opposition to growing Norman influence in England under the restored monarchy
(1042–66) of Edward the Confessor, who
had spent over twenty-five years in exile in Normandy. He gained glory in a
series of campaigns (1062–63) against Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd, the ruler
of Wales. This conflict ended with Gruffydd's defeat,
and death at the hands of his own troops, in 1063.
"In 1064, Harold was apparently shipwrecked in Ponthieu.
There is much speculation about this voyage. The earliest post-conquest Norman
chroniclers report that at some prior time, Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury
had been sent by the childless king to appoint as his heir Edward's maternal kinsman,
William of Normandy, and that at this later date Harold was sent to swear
fealty. Scholars disagree as to the reliability of this story. William, at
least, seems to have believed he had been offered the succession, but there
must have been some confusion either on William's part or perhaps by both men,
since the English succession was neither inherited nor determined by the
sitting monarch. Instead the Witenagemot, the assembly
of the kingdom's leading notables, would convene after a king's death to select
a successor. Other acts of Edward are inconsistent with his having made such a
promise, such as his efforts to return his nephew Edward the Exile, son of king
Edmund Ironside, from Hungary in 1057. Later Norman
chroniclers suggest alternative explanations for Harold's journey, that he was
seeking the release of members of his family who had been held hostage since
Godwin's exile in 1051, or even that he had simply been travelling along the
English coast on a hunting and fishing expedition and had been driven across
the channel by an unexpected storm. There is general agreement that he left
from Bosham, and was blown off course, landing on the coast of Ponthieu, where
he was held hostage by Count Guy. Duke William arrived soon after and ordered
Guy to turn Harold over to him. Harold then apparently accompanied William to
battle against William's enemy, Conan II, Duke of Brittany. While crossing into
Brittany past the fortified abbey of Mont St Michel, Harold is recorded as rescuing two of
William's soldiers from the quicksand. They pursued Conan from Dol de Bretagne
to Rennes, and finally to Dinan, where he surrendered
the fortress's keys on the point of a lance. William presented Harold with
weapons and arms, knighting him. The Bayeux Tapestry, and other Norman sources,
then record that Harold swore an oath on sacred relics to William to support
his claim to the English throne. After Harold's death, the Normans were quick
to point out that in accepting the crown of England, Harold had perjured
himself of this alleged oath.
"The chronicler Orderic Vitalis wrote: "This Englishman was very
tall and handsome, remarkable for his physical strength, his courage and
eloquence, his ready jests and acts of valour. But
what were these gifts to him without honour, which is
the root of all good?".
"Due to an unjust doubling of taxation instituted by Tostig
in 1065 that threatened to plunge England into civil war, Harold
supported Northumbrian rebels against his brother, Tostig, and replaced him
with Morcar. This strengthened his acceptability as
Edward's successor, but fatally divided his own family, driving Tostig into
alliance with King Harald Hardrada ("Hard Reign") of Norway."
"For some twenty years Harold was married More
danico (Latin: "in the Danish manner")
to Edith Swannesha and had at least six children by
her. The marriage was widely accepted by the laity, although Edith was
considered Harold's mistress by the clergy. Their children were not treated as
illegitimate.
"According to Orderic
Vitalis, Harold was at some time betrothed to Adeliza,
a daughter of William, Duke of Normandy, later William the Conqueror; if so,
the betrothal never led to marriage.
"About
January 1066, Harold married Edith (or Ealdgyth),
daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, and widow of the
Welsh prince Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
an enemy of the English. Edith had two sons — possibly twins — named Harold and
Ulf (born c. November 1066), both of whom survived into adulthood and probably
lived out their lives in exile.
"After
her husband's death, the queen is said to have fled for refuge to her brothers
Edwin, Earl of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria but both men made their peace with the
Conqueror initially before rebelling and losing their lands and lives. Aldith may have fled abroad (possibly with Harold's mother,
Gytha, or with Harold's daughter, Gytha).
"At
the end of 1065, King Edward the Confessor ailed and fell into a coma without
clarifying his preference for the succession. On 5 January 1066, according to
the Vita Ædwardi Regis, he died, but not
before briefly regaining consciousness and commending his widow and the kingdom
to Harold's "protection". The intent of this charge is ambiguous, as
is the Bayeux Tapestry, which simply depicts Edward pointing at a man thought
to represent Harold. When the Witenagemot convened the next day, they
selected Harold to succeed, and his coronation followed on 6 January, most
likely held in Westminster Abbey, however there is no surviving evidence from
the time to confirm this. Although later Norman sources point to the suddenness
of this coronation, it is possible that it took place because all the nobles of
the land were
"In
early January of 1066, hearing that Harold had been crowned King, William Duke
of Normandy began plans to invade by building 700 warships and transports at
Dives-sur-Mer on the Normandy coast. Initially William could not get support
for the invasion but, claiming that Harold had sworn on sacred relics to
support his claim to the throne after having been shipwrecked in Ponthieu,
William was given the Church's blessing and nobles flocked to his cause. In
anticipation of the invasion, Harold assembled his troops on the Isle of Wight
but, claiming unfavourable winds, the invasion fleet
remained in port. On 8 September with provisions running out Harold disbanded
the army and he returned to London. On the same day Harald Hardrada of Norway,
who also claimed the English crown[9] joined Tostig and invaded,
landing his fleet at the mouth of the Tyne.
"Invading
what is now Yorkshire, Harald Hardrada and Tostig defeated the English earls
Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria
at the Battle of Fulford near York on 20 September. They were in turn defeated
and slain by Harold's army five days later at the Battle of Stamford Bridge,
Harold having led his army north on a forced march from London in four days and
caught them by surprise. According to Snorri Sturluson, before the battle a man
bravely rode up to Harald Hardrada and Tostig and offered Tostig his earldom if
he would but turn on Harald Hardrada. When Tostig asked what his brother Harold
would be willing to give Harald Hardrada for his trouble, the rider replied
that he would be given seven feet of ground as he was taller than other men.
Harald Hardrada was impressed with the rider and asked Tostig his name, Tostig
replied that the rider was none other than Harold Godwinson. According to Henry
of Huntingdon, "Six feet of ground or as much more as he needs, as he
is taller than most men," was Harold's response. It is, however,
unknown whether this conversation ever took place.
"On
12 September William's fleet sailed. Several ships sank in storms and the fleet
was forced to take shelter at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme and wait for the wind to
change. On 27 September the Norman fleet finally set sail for England arriving
it is believed the following day at Pevensey on the coast of East Sussex.
Harold now again forced his army to march 241 miles
(386 kilometres) to intercept William, who had landed
perhaps 7000 men in Sussex, southern England. Harold established his army in
hastily built earthworks near Hastings. The two armies clashed at the Battle of Hastings, at Senlac Hill (near the
present town of Battle) close by Hastings
on 14 October, where after nine hours of hard fighting and less than 30 minutes
from victory Harold was killed and his forces routed. His brothers Gyrth and Leofwine were also
killed in the battle.
"According
to tradition, Harold was killed by an arrow in the eye. A figure in the Bayeux
Tapestry appears consistent with this tradition, if that is indeed the type of
wound originally depicted in the now-altered artwork. Older etchings made of
the tapestry made c. 1730 show the standing figure holding what appears to be
part of a spear shaft, rather than clutching an arrow. Likewise, historians are
divided over whether the man so wounded is intended to be Harold (the figure
has Harold's name above) or if Harold is the next figure, being mutilated
beneath a horse's hooves. The contemporary account of the battle "Carmen
de Hastingae Proelio"
(the Song of the Battle of Hastings), written shortly after the battle by Guy,
Bishop of Amiens, says that Harold was killed by four knights, probably
including Duke William, and his body brutally dismembered. Examination has
shown that the second figure once had an arrow in its eye that had later been
unstitched, but this may have been the work of overenthusiastic nineteenth century
restorers which was soon removed. A further suggestion is that both accounts
are accurate, and that Harold suffered first the eye wound, then the
mutilation, and both are being depicted in sequence. Harold's wife, Edith Swannesha, was called to identify the body, which she did
by some private mark known only to herself.
"Harold's
strong association with Bosham, his birthplace, and the discovery of an
Anglo-Saxon coffin in the church in 1954 has led some to speculate that King
Harold was buried there. A request to exhume a grave in Bosham church was
refused by the Diocese of Chichester in December 2003, the Chancellor ruling
that the chances of establishing the identity of the body as Harold's were too
slim to justify disturbing a burial place.[14] A prior exhumation had
revealed the remains of a man, estimated at up to 60 years of age from
photographs of the remains, lacking a head, one leg and the lower part of his
other leg, a description consistent with the fate of the king as depicted in
the Carmen. The poem also claims Harold was buried by the sea which is
consistent with it being at Bosham Church which is only yards from Chichester Harbour and in sight of the English Channel.
"There
were legends of Harold's body being given a proper funeral years later in his
church of Waltham Holy Cross in Essex, which he had refounded
in 1060. There is a legend that Henry I of England met an elderly monk at
Waltham Abbey, who was in fact a very old Harold. King Harold had a son
posthumously, called Harold Haroldsson, who may have
been this man, and may also be the occupant of the grave.
"Harold's
daughter Gytha of Wessex married Vladimir Monomakh
Grand Duke (Velikii Kniaz) of Kievan
Rus' and is ancestor to dynasties of Galicia,
Smolensk, and Yaroslavl, whose scions include Modest Mussorgsky and Peter
Kropotkin, Isabella of France (consort of Edward II) was also a direct
descendant of Harold via Gytha, and thus the
bloodline of Harold was re-introduced to the Royal Line. Subsequently,
undocumented claims that the Russian Orthodox Church has recently recognised Harold as a martyr have been made. Ulf, along
with Morcar and two others, were released from prison
by King William as he lay dying in 1087. He threw his lot in with Robert
Curthose, who knighted him, and disappeared from history. Two of his elder
half-brothers, Godwine and Magnus, made a number of attempts at invading England in 1068 and 1069
with the aid of Diarmait mac Mail na
mBo. They raided Cornwall as late as 1082, but died in obscurity in Ireland."
Harold
= son of
Generation 34
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011 Godwin, Earl of Wessex (990 - April 15,
1053) md. 0.1101110110111111010100111110101010
Gytha Thorkelsdottir, daughter of 0.11011101101111110101001111101010101 Throgil Sprakling
"They
had a large family together, of whom five sons became earls at one time or
another, three remaining earls in 1066...
"Two
of their sons, Harold II and Tostig Godwinson, faced each other at the Battle
of Stamford Bridge, where Tostig was killed. Less than a month later, three of
her sons, Harold II, Gyrth, and Leofwine,
were killed at the Battle of Hastings.
"Shortly
after the Battle of Hastings, Gytha was living in
Exeter and may have been the cause of that city's rebellion against William the
Conqueror in 1067, which resulted in his laying siege to the city. She pleaded
unsuccessfully with him for the return of the body of her slain son Harold II.
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Gytha left
the Kingdom of England after the Norman conquest of England, together with the
wives or widows and families of other prominent Anglo-Saxons, all the Godwin
family estates having been confiscated by William. Little else is known of Gytha's life or future, although it is probable that she
went to Scandinavia (like her granddaughter and namesake), where she had
relatives.
"Her
surviving (and youngest) son Wulnoth lived nearly all
his life in (pleasant) captivity in Normandy until The Conqueror's death in
1087. Only her eldest daughter Queen Edith (d. 1075) still held some power
(however nominal) as widow of Edward the Confessor."
According
to Wikipedia: "Godwin of Wessex
(990 – 15 April 1053), also known as Goodwin,
was one of the most powerful lords in England under the Danish king Cnut the
Great and his successors. Cnut made him the first Earl of Wessex. Godwin was
the father of King Harold Godwinson and Edith of Wessex, wife of King Edward
the Confessor.
"Godwin's
father was possibly Wulfnoth Cild who was a thegn of Sussex, although later documents
describe his father as a churl. Wulfnoth led a
section of the royal fleet into piracy and as a consequence had his lands forfeited, and was exiled. In his day, Earl Godwin was seen
as very much of a new man, who had been "made" by two advantageous
marriages to Danish noblewomen.
"Godwin
was a major supporter of Edmund Ironside, the son of King Æthelred the Unready. While Edmund was in rebellion against
his father, Cnut and his army invaded England. Edmund was killed, along with
many of his supporters, but Godwin survived and pledged his loyalty to Cnut. He
befriended Cnut's brother-in-law, Earl Ulf, and became one of Cnut's advisers,
accompanying him to Denmark to suppress a rebellion there. By 1018 he was an
earl, becoming Earl of Wessex in about 1019.
"On
12 November 1035, Cnut died. His kingdoms were divided among three rival
rulers. Harold Harefoot, Cnut's illegitimate son with
Ælfgifu of Northampton, seized the throne of England.
Harthacnut, Cnut's legitimate son with Emma of
Normandy, reigned in Denmark. Norway rebelled under Magnus the Noble. In 1035,
the throne of England was reportedly claimed by Alfred Ætheling,
younger son of Emma of Normandy and Æthelred
the Unready, and half-brother of Harthacnut. Godwin
is reported to have either captured Alfred himself or to have deceived him by
pretending to be his ally and then surrendering him to the forces of Harold Harefoot. Either way Alfred was blinded and soon died at
Ely.
"In
1040, Harold Harefoot died
and Godwin supported the accession of his half-brother Harthacnut
to the throne of England. When Harthacnut himself died
in 1042 Godwin finally supported the claim of his half-brother Edward the
Confessor to the throne. Edward was another son of Emma and Æthelred,
having spent most of the previous thirty years in Normandy. His reign restored
the native royal house of Wessex to the throne of England.
"In 1066 Edward was succeeded by his brother in law, Godwin's son Harold.
"Godwin
married a woman named Gytha who some, speculating
that she was a daughter of Thorgil, have called Gytha Thorkelsdóttir. If
she was a daughter of Thorgil than she may also have
been the granddaughter of the legendary Viking Styrbjörn
Starke and great-granddaughter to Harold Bluetooth, king of Denmark and thus
also ancestor to King Cnut. Whoever she was, the marriage resulted in the birth
of many children."
Godwin
= son of
Generation 35
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111 Wulnoth Cild,
thegn of Sussex (983-1015)
According to Wikipedia: "Wulfnoth Cild (died 1015) was an
Anglo-Saxon nobleman who is thought to have been the father of Godwin, Earl of
Wessex and thus the grandfather of King Harold Godwinson. Earl Godwin's father
was certainly named Wulfnoth, a relatively uncommon
name. He is thus assumed to be the same person as Wulfnoth
Cild, a thegn in Sussex.
"The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that in 1009, Wulfnoth,
commanding a force of 20 ships, was accused (of some unspecified offence) to
King Æthelred the Unready by Earl Brihtric
(or Beorhtric), Eadric
Streona's brother. Wulfnoth
retaliated by ravaging the south coast, leading to Brihtric
being sent with a force of 80 ships to deal with him. Brihtric's
ships were caught in a storm, driven ashore, and then burned by Wulfnoth and his men. Wulfnoth
was sentenced to exile but his son Godwin remained in
England.
"Wulfnoth's brother Æthelnoth became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1020.
"The theory has been advanced by Alfred Anscombe in
1913 and more recently by D.H. Kelley that Harold Godwinson was descended
through Godwin and Wulfnoth from King Æthelred via Æthelmær the Stout
and Æthelweard the Historian. The controversy is over
whether Wulfnoth was the son of Æthelmær
the Stout. There were at least two prominent men called Æthelmær
at the time and it is often difficult to establish which one did which. Æthelmær the Stout was also known as "Cild of Sussex" and this line of ancestry is mentioned
in the chronicle of John of Worcester. However this is
not mentioned in context of Harold's claim to the throne, nor did Godwin ever
claim it for himself. However had he done so he might
have been executed by Cnut instead of promoted — as was Æthelmær
and his son Æthelweard II and various sons of Æthelred the Unready. The Dictionary of National Biography however, describe Godwin and Wulfnoth as parvenus of obscure origin. John of Worcester
also describes Godwin as the son of a shepherd or swineherd,[4]
perhaps contradictarily due to dual authorship.
Godwin and Wulfnoth's alleged obscure origins have
become part of accepted myth after 1066.
"In 1014, the will of King Æthelred's son the Æthelstan Ætheling states that Godwin was to receive "the estate
at Compton which his father possessed." This land was willed by Alfred the
Great for the descendants of his elder brother Æthelred
I and has been used by Professor David Hurmiston
Kelley amongst others as evidence of Wulfnoth's
descent from Æthelred.
"Æthelmær the Stout's other son was Æthelnoth,
who became Cnut's chaplain and later Archbishop of Canterbury (even though Cnut
executed his brother). The circumstances of Wulfnoth's
death are rather obscure, but occurred in 1015 at the
same time as Cnut's takeover. Professor Frank Barlow refers to Æthelnoth as Godwin's uncle. This descent would give Harold
(and his brothers) a prior claim to the throne, even over the descendants of
Alfred (since Æthelred was older than Alfred) but the
BBC History website states that he had no claim."
Wulnoth
= son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111 Aethelmaer
Aethelmaer
= son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111 Aethelward
"the historian"
Aethelward
= son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111 Eadric of Washington,
Wessex
Eadric
= son of
Generation 39
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111 Aethelfrith (900-927), Ealdorman of Wessex AKA Aethelfrith of Mercia
According
to Wikipedia: "Æthelfrith (c. 900 – 927) was an
Ealdorman southern Mercia, occurring in documents in the first part of the 10th
century. Having married Æthelgyth, daughter of Æthelwulf, he was father to four Ealdormen: Æthelstan Half-King (East Anglia), Ælfstan
(Mercia), Æthelwald (Kent), and Eadric
(Wessex), and apparently grandfather of Ealdorman Æthelweard
'the Historian'. That the latter called himself 'grandson's grandson' of Æthelred I, as well as documented patterns of land
inheritance, have led to the hypothesis that Æthelfrith
was son of Aethelhelm, Ealdorman of Wiltshire, one of
Æthelred's sons. A further genealogical
reconstruction would make Aethelweard, and hence Æthelfrith, an ancestor of King Harold II."
Aethelfrith = son of
Generation 40
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111
Aethelhelm (c. 859-893), Ealdorman of Wiltshire md.
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111110
Aethelgyth of
Mercia
According
to Wikipedia: "Æthelhelm or Æþelhelm
(c. 865 to c. 890) was the elder son of King Æthelred
of Wessex (Æþelræd). He was too young to
become king in 871, and the throne passed to his uncle, King Alfred the Great. Æthelhelm is listed in Alfred's will in the mid 880s, but he is not heard of thereafter and probably died
soon afterwards. It has been suggested that he was the Æthelhelm who was Ealdorman of Wiltshire, the probable
father of Edward the Elder's second wife Ælfflæd, but
this is very unlikely as it was not the practice for Æthelings
(princes of the royal dynasty who were eligible to be king) to become
ealdormen, and a marriage between Edward and his first cousin would have been
forbidden as incestuous. On Alfred's death in 899 his younger brother Æthelwold contested the succession and died in battle. The
historian Æthelweard claimed descent from King Æthelred and may therefore be a descendant of Æthelhelm"
Aethelhelm
= son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111111
Ethelred II (c. 837-871), King
of Wessex (865-971), brother of Alfred the Great
According to Wikipedia: "King Æthelred (sometimes rendered as Ethelred,
"noble counsel") was King of Wessex from 865 to 871. He was the
fourth son of King Æthelwulf. He succeeded his
brother, Æthelberht (Ethelbert), as King of Wessex
and Kent in 865. He married Wulfrida and had two
sons, Æthelwold, the elder, and Æthelhelm, the younger.
"Æthelred was
not able to control the increasing Danish raids on England. On 4 January 871 at
the Battle of Reading, Ethelred suffered a heavy defeat. Although Æthelred was able to re-form his army in time to win a
victory at the Battle of Ashdown, he suffered another defeat on 22 January at
the Battle of Basing, and was killed at the Battle of
Merton on 23 April 871.
"Æthelred is buried at Wimborne in
Dorset. Following his death, he was popularly regarded as a saint, but never canonised. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Alfred
the Great."
Ethelred
= son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111 Ethelwulf of Wessex (AKA Aethelwulf) (c.
800-858) King of Wessex (839-856) md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111110 Osburga (810-855) Overlapping line, First Wessex
Family
According to Wikipedia: "Osburh
or Osburga (died before 856) was the first
wife of King Æthelwulf of Wessex and mother of Alfred
the Great. Alfred's biographer, Asser, described her as "a most religious
woman, noble in character and noble by birth".
"Osburh's existence is known only from Asser's Life of
King Alfred. She is not named as witness to any charters, nor is her death
reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. So far as is known, she was the
mother of all Æthelwulf's children, his five sons Æthelstan, Æthelbald, Æthelberht, Æthelred and Alfred,
and his daughter Æthelswith, wife of King Burgred of Mercia. Osburh
presumably died before 856 when her husband married the Carolingian princess
Judith.
"She
is best known for Asser's story about a book of Saxon songs which she showed to
Alfred and his brothers, offering to give the book to whoever could first memorise it, a challenge which Alfred took up and won. This
exhibits the interest of high status ninth-century women in books, and their
role in educating their children.
"Osburh was the daughter of Oslac (who is also only known from Asser's Life), King Æthelwulf's pincerna
(butler), an important figure in the royal court and household. Oslac is described as a descendant of King Cerdic's Jutish nephews, Stuf and
Wihtgar, who conquered the Isle of Wight."
According
to Wikipedia: "Æthelwulf, also spelled Aethelwulf
or Ethelwulf; means 'Noble Wolf' was King of
Wessex from 839 to 856. He is the only son who can indisputably be accredited
to King Egbert of Wessex. He conquered the kingdom of Kent on behalf of his
father in 825, and was sometime later made King of
Kent as a sub-king to Egbert. He succeeded his father as King of Wessex on
Egbert's death in 839: his kingdom then stretched from the county of Kent in
the east to Devon in the west. At the same time his eldest son Æthelstan became sub-king of Kent as a subordinate ruler.
"Historians
give conflicting assessments of Æthelwulf. According
to Richard Humble, Æthelwulf had a worrying style of
Kingship. He had come to the throne of Wessex by inheritance. He proved to be
intensely religious, cursed with little political sense, and with too many able
and ambitious sons.To Frank Stenton "Æthelwulf seems to
have been a religious and unambitious man, for whom engagement in war and
politics was an unwelcome consequence of rank." However Janet Nelson
thought that his reign has been under-appreciated in modern scholarship, and
that he laid the foundations for Alfred's success, finding new as well as
traditional answers, and coping more effectively with Scandinavian attacks than
most contemporary rulers.[4]
"The
most notable and commonly used primary source is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The
chronicle refers to Æthelwulf's presence at some
important battles. In the year 840 AD, he fought at Carhampton
against thirty-five ship companies of Danes, whose raids had increased
considerably. His most notable victory came in 851 at "Acleah",
possibly Ockley in Surrey or Oakley in Berkshire. Here, Æthelwulf
and his son Æthelbald fought against the heathen, and
according to the chronicle it was "the greatest slaughter of heathen host
ever made." Around the year 853, Æthelwulf, and
his son-in-law, Burgred, King of Mercia defeated Cyngen ap Cadell of Wales and made the Welsh subject to
him. The chronicle depicts more battles throughout the years, mostly against invading
pirates and Danes. This was an era in European history where nations were being
invaded from many different groups; there were Saracens in the south, Magyars
in the east, Moors in the west, and Vikings in the north. Before Æthelwulf's death, raiders had wintered over on the Isle of
Sheppey, and pillaged at will in East Anglia. Over
the course of the next twenty years the struggles of his sons were to be
"ceaseless, heroic, and largely futile."
""One
of the first of Æthelwulf's acts as King was to split
the kingdom. He gave the eastern half, that of Kent, Essex, Surrey
and Sussex to his eldest son Æthelstan (not to be
confused with the later Athelstan the Glorious). Æthelwulf
kept the ancient, western side of Wessex (Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and Devon) for himself. Æthelwulf
and his first wife, Osburh, had five sons and a
daughter. After Æthelstan came Æthelbald,
Æthelbert, Æthelred, and
Alfred. Each of his sons, with the exception of Æthelstan, succeeded to the throne. Alfred, the youngest
son, has been praised as one of the greatest kings to ever reign in Britain. Æthelwulf's only daughter, Æthelswith,
was married as a child to king Burgred of Mercia.
"Religion
was always an important area in Æthelwulf's life. As
early as the first year of his reign he had planned a pilgrimage to Rome. Due
to the ongoing and increasing raids he felt the need to appeal to the Christian
God for help against an enemy "so agile, and numerous, and profane."
"In
853, Æthelwulf sent his son Alfred, a child of about
four years, to Rome. In 855, about a year after his wife Osburga's
death, Æthelwulf followed Alfred to Rome. In Rome, he
was generous with his wealth. He distributed gold to the clergy of St. Peter's,
and offered them chalices of the purest gold and silver-gilt candelabra of
Saxon work. During the return journey in 856 he married Judith, a Frankish princess and a great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. She was
about twelve years old, the daughter of Charles the Bald, King of the West
Franks.
"Upon
their return to England in 856 Æthelwulf met with an
acute crisis. His eldest surviving son Æthelbald
(Athelstan had since died) had devised a conspiracy with the Ealdorman of
Somerset and the Bishop of Sherborne to oppose Æthelwulf's resumption of the kingship once he returned. Æthelwulf mustered enough support to fight a civil war, or
to banish Æthelbald and his fellow conspirators.
Instead Æthelwulf yielded western Wessex to his son
while he himself retained central and eastern Wessex. The absence of coins in Æthelbald's name may also suggest that West Saxon coinage
was in Æthelwulf's name until his death. He ruled
there until his death on 13 January 858.
That the king should have consented to treat with
his rebellious son, to refer the compromise to a meeting of Saxon nobles, to
moderate the pugnacity of his own supporters, and to resign the rule over the
more important half of his dominions - all this testifies to the fact that Æthelwulf’s Christian spirit did not exhaust itself in the
giving of lavish charities to the Church, but availed to reconcile him to the
sacrifice of prestige and power in the cause of national peace.
"Æthelwulf's restoration included a special concession on
behalf of Saxon queens. The West Saxons previously did not allow the queen to
sit next to the king. In fact they were not referred
to as a queen, but merely the "wife of the king." This restriction
was lifted for Queen Judith, probably because she was a high
ranking European princess.
Ethelwulf = son of
Generation 43
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111111 Egbert of Wessex (c.
770-839), King of Wessex (802-839) md. 0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111110
Redburga
According
to Wikipedia: "Redburga
or Raedburh
appears in a late medieval manuscript held by Oxford University as wife of king
Egbert of Wessex. She is described there as "regis
Francorum sororia", which means
"pertaining to the sister of the French king". This is somewhat vague
and has been taken to mean sister of Charlemagne, sister-in-law as the sister
of his fourth wife, Luitgard, or some more distant
relationship. Her very existence has been questioned, she being
found only in manuscript of a much later date, suggested to have been forged to
link the early Kings of England to the great West Emperor.
"Chronologically,
it has been suggested that Charlemagne arranged Raedburh's
marriage to Egbert in the year 800. Egbert, who had been forced into exile at
Charlemagne's court by Offa, King of Mercia, returned to England in 802, where
he became King of Wessex.
The
uncertainty over Redburga has been further
complicated by the existence of an Egbert at the Carolingian court, and
attempts have been made to identify this continental nobleman with the exiled
Wessex prince. That Egbert, who was duke of all Saxony between the Rhine and
the Weser, died in 811. He was survived by his widow, who devoted her life to
helping the poor and became known as "Saint Ida of Herzfeld", the
patron saint of brides and widows. These identifications would make Redburga identical to Saint Ida. However, unless the Egbert
reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to have regained his throne in Wessex in
802 was, in fact, serving instead as a feudal supporter of Charlemagne in
Saxony for many of the years following his return to Wessex, Saint Ida was not
the Raedburh who married Egbert of Wessex. Given the
irreconcilable differences in the dates of death given for these two Egberts,
this solution is dismissed by most scholars."
According
to Wikipedia: "Egbert (also
spelled Ecgberht or Ecgbriht)
was King of Wessex from 802 until 839. His father was Ealhmund
of Kent. In the 780s Egbert was forced into exile by
Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, but on Beorhtric's death in 802 Egbert returned and took the
throne.
"Little
is known of the first twenty years of Egbert's reign, but it is thought that he
was able to maintain Wessex's independence against the kingdom of Mercia, which
at that time dominated the other southern English kingdoms. In 825 Egbert defeated
Beornwulf of Mercia and ended Mercia's supremacy at
the Battle of Ellandun, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies
in southeastern England. In 829 Egbert defeated Wiglaf of Mercia and drove him
out of his kingdom, temporarily ruling Mercia directly. Later that year Egbert
received the submission of the Northumbrian king at Dore, near Sheffield. The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle subsequently described Egbert as a bretwalda,
or "Ruler of Britain."
"Egbert
was unable to maintain this dominant position, and within a year Wiglaf
regained the throne of Mercia. However, Wessex did retain control of Kent, Sussex and Surrey; these territories were given to Egbert's
son Æthelwulf to rule as a subking under Egbert. When
Egbert died in 839, Æthelwulf succeeded him; the
southeastern kingdoms were finally absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex after Æthelwulf's death in 858."
Egbert = son of
Generation 44
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111111111
Ealhmund of Kent, King of Kent
According
to Wikipedia: "Ealhmund was King of Kent in 784.
The only contemporary evidence of him is an abstract of a charter dated in that
year, in which Ealhmund granted land to the Abbot of Reculver. By the
following year Offa of Mercia seems to have been ruling directly, as he issued
a charter without any mention of a local king.
"There
is a general consensus that he is identical to the Ealhmund found in two pedigrees in the Winchester (Parker)
Chronicle, compiled during the reign of Alfred the Great. The genealogical
preface to this manuscript, as well as the annual entry (covering years
855–859) describing the death of Æthelwulf, both make
king Egbert of Wessex the son of an Ealhmund, who was
son of Eafa, grandson of Eoppa,
and great-grandson of Ingild, the brother of king Ine of Wessex, and descendant of founder Cerdic, and therefore a member of the House of Wessex. A
further entry has been added in a later hand to the 784 annal, reporting Ealhmund's reign in Kent. Finally, in the Canterbury
Bilingual Epitome, originally compiled after the Norman conquest of England, a
later scribe has likewise added to the 784 annal not only Ealhmund's
reign in Kent, but his explicit identification with the father Egbert. Based on
this reconstruction, in which a Wessex scion became king of Kent, his own
Kentish name and that of his son, Egbert, it has been suggested that his mother
derived from the royal house of Kent,a
connection dismissed by a recent critical review. It has likewise been
suggested that Ealhmund might actually have been a
Kentish royal scion, and that his pedigree was forged to give son Egbert the
descent from Cerdic requisite to reigning in Wessex."
Ealhmund
= son of
Generation 45
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111111
Eafa (730) md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111110
Kentish princess
Eafa
= son of
Generation 46
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111111111 Eoppa
(b. 706)
Eoppa
= son of
Generation 47
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111111111111 Ingild of Wessex (672-718)
Ingild
= son of
Generation 48
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111111111 Coenred (b. 640)
Coenred = son of
Generation 49
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111111111111 Ceolwald
Generation 50
Ceolwald = son of
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111111111111111 Cutha Cathwulf (b. 592)
Cutha = son of
Generation
51
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111111111111 Cuthwine (d. 592)
Cuthwine = son of
Generation 52
0.110111011011111101010011111010101111111111111111111 Ceawlin, King of Wessex (c. 535-592),
reigned 560-592
Ceawlin = son of
Generation
53
0.1101110110111111010100111110101011111111111111111111 Cynric, King of Wessex (c. 495-560), reigned
534-560
Cynric = son of
Generation 54
0.11011101101111110101001111101010111111111111111111111 Cerdic, King of Wessex reigned 519-534
According to Wikipedia: "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
provides a pedigree
tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to Wōden and the antediluvian patriarchs. Kenneth Sisam has shown that this pedigree resulted from a process
of elaboration upon a root pedigree borrowed from the kings of Bernicia, and
hence prior to Cerdic himself it has no
historical basis."
___________
Second Family of Lorraine, Starting from Generation 33, 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010 Hedwig de Namur
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010 Hedwig de Namur md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100011 Gerhard, Duke of Lorraine (c. 1030 - April 14, 1070)
Hedwige = daughter of
Generation 34
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101 Albert I, Count of Namur and 0.11011101101111110101101001001000100 Ermengarde
Ermengarde
= daughter of
Generation 35
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011 Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine (953-993)
According
to Wikipedia: "Charles of Lorraine (Laon, 953–993 in Orléans) was
the son of Louis IV of France and Gerberga of Saxony
and younger brother of King Lothair. He was a sixth generation descendant of Charlemagne.
Charles was excluded from the throne of France, and the German Emperor Otto II,
made him Duke of Lower Lorraine in 977."
Charles = son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011 Louis IV of
King France (Sept.
10, 920 - Sept. 30, 954) and 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110
Gerberga of Saxony (c. 913 - May 5, 984) Third Saxony Family
According to Wikipedia: "Louis IV (10 September 920 – 30 September 954), called d'Outremer or Transmarinus (both meaning "from overseas"), reigned as King of Western Francia from 936 to 954. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the son of Charles III and Eadgifu of England, a daughter of King Edward the Elder.
"He was only two years
old when his father was deposed by the nobles, who set up Robert I in his
place. When he was only three years old, Robert died and was replaced by
Rudolph, duke of Burgundy. Rudolph's ally, a Carolingian himself, Count Herbert II of Vermandois, took Charles captive by treachery and the young
Louis's mother took the boy "over the sea" to the safety of England,
hence his nickname.
"Charles died in 929,
but Rudolph ruled on until 936, when Louis was summoned back to France
unanimously by the nobles, especially Hugh the Great, who had probably organised his return to prevent Herbert II, or Rudolph's
brother Hugh the Black, taking the throne. He was crowned king at Laon by Artald, archbishop of Rheims, on Sunday 19 June 936. The
chronicler Flodoard records the events as follows:
"The Bretons, returning
from the lands across the sea with the support of King Athelstan, came back to
their country. Duke Hugh sent across the sea to summon Louis, son of Charles,
to be received as king, and King Athelstan, his uncle, first taking oaths from
the legates of the Franks, sent him to the Frankish kingdom with some of his
bishops, and other followers. Hugh and the other nobles of the Franks went to
meet him and committed themselves to him[;]
immediately he disembarked on the sands of Boulogne, as had been agreed on both
sides. From there he was conducted by them to Laon, and, endowed with the royal
benediction, he was anointed and crowned by the lord Archbishop Artold, in the presence of the chief men of his kingdom,
with 20 bishops."
"Effectively, his
sovereignty was limited to the town of Laon and to some places in the north of
France, Louis displayed a keenness beyond his years in obtaining the
recognition of his authority by his feuding nobles. Nonetheless, his reign was
filled with conflict; in particular with Hugh the
Great, count of Paris.
Louis IV fell from his horse and died 10 September 954, at Rheims, in the Marne, and is interred there at Saint Rémi Basilica."
Louis = son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111 Charles III, the Simple
or the Straightforward, King of France
(Sept. 17, 879 - Oct. 7, 929) and 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110
Eadgifu
of England, a
daughter of 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110
1 King Edward the
Elder. Third Family of Wessex
According to Wikipedia:
"Charles III (17 September 879 – 7 October 929), called the Simple or the
Straightforward (from the Latin Karolus
Simplex), was the undisputed King of France from 898 until 922 and the King
of Lotharingia from 911 until 919/23. He was a member
of the Carolingian dynasty,
the third and posthumous son of Louis the Stammerer by his second wife, Adelaide of
Paris.
"As a child, Charles was
prevented from succeeding to the throne at the time of the death in 884 of his half-brother Carloman. The nobles
of the realm instead asked his cousin, Charles the Fat, to rule them. He was
also prevented from succeeding the unpopular Charles, who was deposed in
November 887 and died in January 888, although it is unknown if his deposition
was accepted or even made known in West Francia before his death. The nobility
elected Odo, the hero of the Siege of Paris, king,
though there was a faction that supported Guy III of Spoleto.
Charles was put under the protection of Ranulf II,
the Duke of Aquitaine, who may have tried to claim the throne for him and in
the end used the royal title himself until making peace with Odo. Finally, in 893 Charles was crowned by a faction
opposed to Odo at Reims
Cathedral. He only became the
effectual monarch with the death of Odo in 898.
"In 911 Charles defeated
the Viking leader Rollo, had him sign the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte that made
Rollo his vassal and converted him to Christianity. Charles then gave him land
around Rouen, the heart of what would become Normandy and his daughter Gisela
in marriage. In the same year as the treaty with the Vikings, Louis the Child,
the King of Germany, died and the nobles of Lotharingia,
who had been loyal to him, under the leadership of Reginar
Longneck, declared Charles their new king, breaking from Germans who had
elected Conrad of Franconia
king Charles tried to win their support by marrying a Lotharingian
woman named Frederuna, who died in 917. He also
defended the country against two attacks by Conrad, King of the Germans
"On 7 October 919 Charles
re-married to Eadgifu, the daughter of Edward the
Elder, King of England. By this time Charles' excessive favouritism
towards a certain Hagano had turned the aristocracy
against him. He endowed Hagano with monasteries which
were already the benefices of other barons, alienating these barons. In Lotharingia he earned the enmity of the new duke, Gilbert,
who declared for the German king Henry the Fowler in 919.[1] Opposition to Charles in Lotharingia
was not universal, however, and he retained the support of Wigeric. In 922 some of the West Frankish barons, led by
Robert of Neustria and Rudolph of Burgundy, revolted. Robert, who was Odo's brother, was elected by the rebels and crowned in
opposition to Charles, who had to flee to Lotharingia.
On 2 July 922, Charles lost his most faithful supporter, Herve, Archbishop of
Rheims, who had succeeded Fulk in 900.
"He returned the next
year (923) with a Norman army but was defeated on 15 June near Soissons by Robert, who died in the battle.[1] Charles was captured and imprisoned in a castle at Péronne under the guard of Herbert II of Vermandois.Rudolph was elected to succeed him. In 925 the Lotharingians accepted Rudolph as their king. Charles died
in prison on 7 October 929 and was buried at the nearby abbey of Saint-Fursy. Though he had had many children by Frederuna, it was his son by Eadgifu
who would eventually be crowned in 936 as Louis IV of France. In the initial
aftermath of Charles's defeat, Eadgifu and Louis fled
to England."
Charles = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101111 Louis the Stammerer (Nov. 1, 846 - April 10, 879) md.
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101110 Adelaide of Paris Family of Toulouse
According to Wikipedia:
"Louis the Stammerer (1 November 846 – 10 April 879) was the King
of Aquitaine and later King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of Charles
the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. He succeeded his
younger brother in Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877,
though he was never crowned Emperor. In the French monarchial system, he is
considered Louis II.
"Twice married, he and
his first wife, Ansgarde of Burgundy, had two sons:
Louis (born in 863) and Carloman (born in 866), both
of whom became kings of France, and two daughters: Hildegarde (born in 864) and
Gisela (865–884), who married Robert, Count of Troyes.
"With his second wife, Adelaide of Paris, he had one daughter, Ermentrude (875–914) — who was the mother of Cunigunde, wife of the Count Palatine Wigerich of Bidgau; they were the ancestors of the House of Luxemburg —, and a posthumous son, Charles the Simple, who would become, long after his elder brothers' deaths, king of France.
"He was crowned on 8
December 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, and
was crowned a second time in September 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while
the pope was attending a council there. The pope may even have offered the
imperial crown, but it was declined. Louis the Stammerer was said to be
physically weak and outlived his father by only two years. He had relatively
little impact on politics. He was described "a simple and sweet man, a
lover of peace, justice, and religion". In 878, he gave the counties of
Barcelona, Gerona, and Besalú to Wilfred the Hairy.
His final act was to march against the Vikings who were then the scourge of Europe. He fell
ill and died on 10 April or 9 April 879 not long after beginning his final
campaign. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman and Louis."
Louis =
son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011111
Charles the Bald (June 13, 823 - Oct. 6, 877) Holy Roman Emperor
875-87 md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010001011110
Ermentrude of Orleans (823-869)
Continuation of Charles the Bald's Ancestry
by Another Line
_____________________
Alpin Family, Starting with Generation 33, from 0.11011101101101111011101111111110 Bethoc of Scone
0.11011101101101111011101111111110 Bethoc of Scone md. 0.11011101101101111011101111111111 Crinan of Dunkeld AKA Grimus,
Mormaer of Atholl, Lay Abbot of Dunkeld (b. c. 975 in
Athoil, Perthshire,
Scotland killed in battle in 1045 at Dunkeld)
Bethoc = daughter of
0.110111011011011110111011111111101 Malcolm
II, King of Scotland
(954-1034) reigned 1005-1034
Malcolm
= son of
Generation 35
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011 Kenneth II, King of
Scotland (before 954-995)
reigned 971-995
Kenneth = son of
Generation 36
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111 Malcolm I, King of Scotland (900-954)
reigned 943-954
Malcolm
= son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111 Donald II, King of Scotland, d. 900, reigned 889-900
Donald = son of
Generation 38
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111 Constantine I, King of Scotland d. 877, reigned
863-877
Constantine = son of
Generation 39
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111 Kenneth I
mac Alpin, King of Scotland (c. 810-858) reigned 834?-858
(conqueror of the Picts, first king of the Scots)
Kenneth = son of
Generation 40
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111 Alpín mac Echdach
Alpin = son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111 ?Eochaid
mac Áeda Find
Eochaid = son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111 Áed Find (Áed the White) AKA Áed mac Echdach (before 736–778) , King of Dál Riata (modern
western Scotland).
Aed
= son of
Generation 43
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111 Eochaid mac Echdach, King of Dál Riata (modern
western Scotland) reigned 726-733.
Eochaid
= son of
Generation 44
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111 Eochaid
mac Domangairt (d. c. 697), King of Dál
Riata (modern western Scotland)
Eochaid = son of
Generation 45
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111111 Domangart mac Domnaill (d. 673) a king in Dál
Riata (modern western Scotland)
Domangart = son of
Generation 46
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111111 Domnall Brecc AKA Donald the Freckled (d. 642
in Strathcarron) was King of Dál
Riata, in modern Scotland, from about 629 until 642.
Domnall
= son of
Generation 47
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111111 Eochaid Buide, King of Dál Riata,
reigned around 608-629. ("Buide" refers to
the colour yellow, as in the colour
of his hair.)
Eochaid
= son of
Generation 48
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111111111
Áedán
mac Gabráin, King of Dál
Riata from c. 574 onwards.
Aedan
= son of
Generation 49
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111111111 Gabrán mac Domangairt, King of Dál Riata in the
middle of the 6th century.
Gabrán mac Domangairt =
son of
Generation 50
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111111111 ? Dungal
Dungal = son of
Generation 51
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111111111111 Fergus Mór mac Eirc, legendary founder of Scotland
Fergus Mór mac Eirc
= son of
Generation 52
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111111111111 Eirc
Eirc = son of
Generation 53
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111111111111 Eochaid Muinremuir
Eochaid Muinremuir = son of
Generation 54
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111111111111111 Oengusa Fir
Oengua Fir = son of
Generation 55
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111111111111111 Feideilmid
Feideilid = son of
Generation 56
0.110111011011011110111011111111101111111111111111111111 Oengusa
Oengusa = son of
Generation 57
0.1101110110110111101110111111111011111111111111111111111 Feideilmid
Feidelid = son of
Generation 58
0.11011101101101111011101111111110111111111111111111111111 Cormaicc, Wikipedia lists
the generations from Erc to Cormaicc
in the Fergus Mor mac Eirc
article and says this comes from a Middle Irish genealogy of the kings of Alba
[The Book of Lismore], which lists an additional 46 generations
__________
Family of Antioch, Starting with Generation 34 0.110111011011111101001011001110 Agnes of Antioch
0.110111011011111101001011001110 Agnes of Antioch md. 0.110111011011111101001011001111 Bela III, King of Hungary, AKA Caesar Alexius of the Byzantine Empire (1148-1196)
Agnes = daughter of
Generation 35
0.1101110110111111010010110011100
Constance of Antioch (1127 - 1163) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011101
Raynald of Chatillon, Prince of Antioch, Crusader
Constance = daughter
of
Generation 36
0.11011101101111110100101100111001
Bohemond II, Prince of Taranto and of Antioch, Crusader (1108 - 1130) md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111000
Alice of Jerusalem
Bohemond = son of
Generation 37
0.110111011011111101001011001110011 Philip I, King of France, "the Amorous" (1052 - 1108) md. 0.110111011011111101001011001110010
Bertha of Holland, Valois
Family
Philip = son of
Generation 38
0.1101110110111111010010110011100111
Henry I, King of France
(1008 - 1060) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011100110 Anne
of Kiev First Family of Kiev
Henry = son of
Generation
39
0.11011101101111110100101100111001111
Robert II, King of France
(972 - 1041) md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111001110 Constance
of Arles
Robert =
son of
Generation 40
0.110111011011111101001011001110011111 Hugh
Capet, King of France (939 - 996) md.0.110111011011111101001011001110011110
Adelaide of Aquitaine
Hugh = son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110111111010010110011100111111 Hugh Capet, "the Great", Duke of
France, Count of Paris, in the Divine Comedy Dante meets the soul of
Duke Hugh in Purgatory, lamenting the avarice of his descendants.
(898 - 956) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011100111110 Hedwige of
Saxony
Hugh
= son of
Robert
I, King of France and
Marquis of Neustria md. Beatrice
of Vermandois (880 - 931) Family
of Vermandois, Valois Family
__________
First Family of Sweden, Starting with Generation 34, with 0.1101110110111111010100111110101110 Ingegerd Olafsdottir
0.1101110110111111010100111110101110
Ingegerd Olafsdottir md.
0.110111011011111101010011111010111 Yaroslav I the
Wise (c. 978 - Feb. 20, 1054)
According
to Wikipedia: "Princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden (1001 – 10 February 1050) was a
Swedish princess and a Grand Princess of Kiev, the daughter of Swedish King
Olof Skötkonung and Estrid
of the Obotrites and the consort of Yaroslav I the
Wise of Kiev. Ingegerd was born in Sigtuna,[citation
needed] Sweden, and was engaged to be married to Norwegian King Olaf II, but
when Sweden and Norway got into a feud, Swedish King Olof Skötkonung
wouldn't allow for the marriage to happen. Instead, Ingegard's
father quickly arranged for a marriage to the powerful Yaroslav
I the Wise of Novgorod. The marriage took place in 1019. Once in Kiev, her name
was changed to the Greek Irene. According to several sagas, she was given as a
marriage gift Ladoga and adjacent lands, which later received the name Ingria
(arguably a corruption of Ingegerd's name). She set
her friend jarl Ragnvald Ulfsson
to rule in her stead. Ingegard initiated the building
of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev that was supervised by her husband, who
styled himself tsar. They had six sons and four daughters, the latter of whom
became Queens of France, Hungary, Norway, and (arguably) England. The whole
family is depicted in one of the frescoes of the Saint Sophia. Upon her death, Ingegard was buried in the same cathedral."
Ingegerd Olfsdatter =
daughter of
Generation 35
0.11011101101111110101001111101011101
King Olof Skotkonung of
Sweden (980? - 1021 or 1022?) md. 0.11011101101111110101001111101011100
Estrid or
Astrid of the Obotrites (c. 979-1035)
According
to Wikipedia: "Olof Skötkonung (Old Icelandic: Óláfr sænski, Old Swedish: Olawær skotkonongær) was the son
of Eric the Victorious and Sigrid the Haughty. He was born around 980 and he
succeeded his father in 995. Our knowledge of Olof is mostly based on Snorri
Sturluson's and Adam of Bremen's accounts, which have been subject to criticism
from source-critical scholars. But according to Adam of Bremen, Sweyn Forkbeard
was forced to defend his Danish kingdom from attacks by Olof who claimed the
Danish throne. The conflict was resolved by Sweyn's marriage with Olaf's mother
and the two kings were thereafter allies. Also Snorri
Sturluson describes Sweyn and Olof as equal allies when they defeated the
Norwegian king Olav Tryggvason in the battle of Svolder
1000, and thereafter divided Norway between themselves. Another possible explanation[citation needed] of the name "Skötkonung" is that it means "treasure king"
and refer to the fact that he was the first Swedish king to stamp coins.
According to the Sagas, Olof's father Eric the Victorious ruled together with
Eric's brother Olof Björnsson. When Olof Björnsson died, Olof was proclaimed co-ruler instead of his
cousin Styrbjörn Starke. This happened before he was
even born. At his father's death, he inherited the throne of Sweden and became
its sole ruler."
According
to Wikipedia: "Estrid (or Astrid) of the
Obotrites (ca. 979 – 1035), was a Medieval and Viking age Swedish Queen consort
and West Slavic Princess, married to Olof Skötkonung,
the King of Sweden, ca. 1000–1022, mother of king Anund
Jacob of Sweden and the Russian Saint and Queen (Grand Princess) Ingegerd Olofsdotter."
Olof = son of
Generation 36
0.110111011011111101010011111010111011
Eric the Victorious, King of Sweden (945? - c. 995) md. 0.110111011011111101010011111010111010
Sigrid the Haughty
According
to Wikipedia "Eric the Victorious (Old Norse: Eiríkr
inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll), (945? – c. 995), was the first Swedish king
(970–995) about whom anything definite is known.[1] Whether he actually
qualifies as king of Sweden is debatable as his son Olof Skötkonung
was the first ruler documented to have been accepted both by the Svear around Lake Mälaren and by
the Götar around Lake Vättern.
Referring to Eric the Victorious as Eric VI (or with any other numeral) is a
later invention. The Swedish kings Erik XIV (1560–68) and Charles IX (1604–11)
took their numbers after studying a highly fictitious History of Sweden.[2] His
original territory lay in Uppland and neighbouring provinces. He acquired the name
"victorious" as a result of his defeating an
invasion from the south in the Battle of the Fýrisvellir
close to Uppsala.[3] But reports that Eric's brother Olof was the father of his
opponent in that battle, Styrbjörn the Strong, belong
to the realm of myth.[4] The extent of his kingdom is unknown. In addition to
the Swedish heartland round lake Mälaren it may have
extended down the Baltic Sea coast as far south as Blekinge. According to the Flateyjarbok, his success was due to the
fact that he allied with the free farmers against the aristocratic jarl
class, and it is obvious from archeological findings that the influence of the
latter diminished during the last part of the tenth century.[5] He was also,
probably, the introducer of the famous medieval Scandinavian system of
universal conscription known as the ledung in the
provinces around Mälaren. In all
probability he founded the town of Sigtuna,
which still exists and where the first Swedish coins were stamped for his son
and successor Olof Skötkonung.
"Eric
the Victorious appears in a number of Norse sagas, historical stories which
nonetheless had a heathy dose of fiction. In various stories, he is described
as the son of Björn Eriksson, and as having ruled together with his brother
Olof. It was claimed that he married the infamous (and likely fictional) Sigrid
the Haughty, daughter of the legendary Viking Skagul
Toste, would later divorce her and give her Götaland
as a fief. According to Eymund's saga he took a new
queen, Auð, the daughter of Haakon Sigurdsson, the
ruler of Norway.Before this happened, his brother
Olof died, and a new co-ruler had to be appointed, but the Swedes are said to
have refused to accept his rowdy nephew Styrbjörn the
Strong as his co-ruler. Styrbjörn was given 60
longships by Eric and sailed away to live as a Viking. He would become the
ruler of Jomsborg and an ally and brother-in-law of
the Danish king Harold Bluetooth. Styrbjörn returned
to Sweden with an army, although Harald and the Danish troops supposedly turned
back. Eric won the Battle of the Fýrisvellir at Old
Uppsala, according to Styrbjarnar þáttr
Svíakappa after sacrificing to Odin and promising
that if victorious, he would give himself to Odin in ten years. Adam of Bremen
relates that Eric was baptised in Denmark but that he
forgot about the Christian faith after he returned to Sweden."
According
to Wikipedia: "Sigrid the Haughty, also known as Sigríð
Storråda, is a queen of contested historicity
appearing in Norse sagas as wife first of King Eiríkr
VI Sigrsæll of Sweden, and then Sweyn Forkbeard of
Denmark. While given a Nordic ancestry in the sagas, she has been hypothesized
to be identical to historically attested queens of Polish or Pomeranian origin.
Alternatively, she is held to be apocryphal by some modern scholars, e.g. Birgitta Fritz. Sigrid appears in many sagas composed
generations after the events they describe, but there is no reliable evidence
as to her existence as they describe her. It is unclear if she was a real
person, a compound person (with several real women's lives and deeds attributed
to one compound person), or a complete invention of the saga authors."
_______________
Family of Vermandois, Starting with Generation 37, from 0.11101101101111001100111111111110 Béatrice of Vermandois
0.11101101101111001100111111111110 Béatrice
of Vermandois (c. 880 – after March 26, 931) (daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois (c. 848/850 – 907)) md.
895 (his second wife) 0.11101101101111001100111111111111
Robert I (after September 866 – June 15, 923), king of West Francia (922 –
923) Family of Valois, Family
of Antioch
Beatrice
= daughter of
Generation 38
0.111011011011110011001111111111101 Herbert
I, Count of Vermandois, Lord of Senlis, Peronne and Saint Quentin (848 - 907) md.
0.111011011011110011001111111111100 Bertha de Morvois
Herbert
= son of
Generation 39
0.1110110110111100110011111111111011 Pepin,
1st Count of Vermandois, Lord of Senlis Peronne and Saint Quentin
(b. 815)
Pepin =
son of
Generation 40
0.11101101101111001100111111111110111 Bernard,
King of Italy (797 - 818) md. 0.11101101101111001100111111111110110
Cunigunda
Bernard
= son of
Generation 41
0.111011011011110011001111111111101111 Pepin,
"Carloman", King of Italy (777 - 810) md. Bertha
Pepin =
son of
Generation 42
0.1110110110111100110011111111111011111 Charlemagne, Holy Roman Emperor (742 - 814) md. 0.1110110110111100110011111111111011110 Hildegarde
of Vinzgouw
Charlemagne
= son of
Generation 43
0.11101101101111001100111111111110111111 Pepin the Short, King of the Franks (d.768) md. 0.11101101101111001100111111111110111110 Bertrada of Laon
Pepin =
son of
Generation 44
0.111011011011110011001111111111101111111 Charles Martel, "the Hammer", Mayor
of the Palace of Austrasia, commander of the European armies that defeated the
Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732 (688-741) md. 0.111011011011110011001111111111101111110
Rotrude
Charles
= son of
Generation 45
0.1110110110111100110011111111111011111111
Ansegiel md.
0.1110110110111100110011111111111011111110 Saint
Begga (615 - 693) Family of Saint Begga
Continuation of Ansegiel's
Ancestors from another line
__________
Family of Lotharingia, Starting from Generation 35, 0.11011101101101111001100011001110 Richeza,
0.11011101101101111001100011001110 Richeza of Lotharingia (995/1000 - March 21, 1063) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011001111
Mieszko II Lambert (990 - May 10/11, 1034) King of Poland
Richeza = daughter of
Generation 36
0.110111011011011110011000110011101 Ezzo of
Lotharingia (c. 955 - March 21, 1034) Count Palatine md.
0.110111011011011110011000110011100 Mathilda
of Germany (summer 979 -
Novel 1025) Second Family of Holy Roman Emperors
Ezzo = son of
Generation 37
0.1101110110110111100110001100111011 Herman I (d. 996) the Slender, Count Palatine of Lotharingia md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100111010
Heylwig of Dillingen
Herman = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101101111001100011001110111 Erenfried II (d. 970), a Lotharingian
nobleman md. 0.11011101101101111001100011001110110 Richwara of
Zulpichgau
Erenfried = (probably) son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011011110011000110011101111 Eberhard I, Count of Bonngau
Eberhard = son of
Generation 40
0.1101110110110111100110001100111011111 Erenfried I
of Maasgau md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100111011110 Adelgunde of
Burgundy (860-902) daughter
of 0.11011101101101111001100011001110111101 Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane
Burgundy, Count of Auxerre and 0.11011101101101111001100011001110111100 Judith of Frioul
_________
Second Family of Holy Roman Emperors, Starting from Generation 36, 0.110111011011011110011000110011100 Mathilda of Germany
0.110111011011011110011000110011100 Mathilda
of Germany (summer 979 - Nov. 1025) md. 0.110111011011011110011000110011101
Ezzo of Lotharingia (c. 955 - March 21, 1034) Count Palatine
Mathilda = daughter
of
Generation 37
0.1101110110110111100110001100111001 Otto
II (955 - Dec. 7, 983) the
Red, Holy Roman Emperor md. 0.1101110110110111100110001100111000
Theophanu (c. 955 - June 15, 990)
According to Wikipedia: "the neptis (niece or granddaughter) of Emperor John I Tzimiskes (925–976) who was of Armenian descent. ... Recent research tends to concur that she [Theophanu] was most probably the daughter of Tzimiskes' brother-in-law (from his first marriage) Constantine Skleros (c. 920–989) and cousin Sophia Phokaina, the daughter of Kouropalatēs Leo Phokas, brother of Emperor Nikephoros II (c. 912–969).
Otto = son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101101111001100011001110011 Otto
I (Nov. 23, 912 - May 7, 973) the Great md. 0.11011101101101111001100011001110010 Saint Adelaide
of Italy (931 - Dec. 16,
999) daughter of 0.110111011011011110011000110011100101 Rudolph II of Burgundy (c. 880- July 11, 937) md.
0.110111011011011110011000110011100100 Bertha of Swabia
Otto = son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011011110011000110011100111 Henry the Fowler (876 - July 2, 936) md.
0.110111011011011110011000110011100110 Saint Mathilda
(c. 894/897 - March 14, 968)
Also descended from their daughter Gerberga
_________
Family of Armenia, Starting from Generation 36, 0.11011101101101111001100011011001110 Ripsimia of Armenia
0.11011101101101111001100011011001110 Ripsimia of
Armenia (911 - 969) md. 0.11011101101101111001100011011001111 Comita Nikola, Duke of Sofia
daughter
of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110011000110110011101 King Ashot II Bagratuni of Armenia (914-929)
son of
Gemeration 38
0.1101110110110111100110001101100111011 King Smbat I (850-912/914)
Generation 39
0.11011101101101111001100011011001110111 Ashot I
(820-890) King of Armenia, Ashot the Great, oversaw
the beginning of Armenia's second golden age
son of
Generation 40
0.110111011011011110011000110110011101111 Smbat
VIII the Confessor reigned 852-855
son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110110111100110001101100111011111 Ashot Msaker or Ashot IV Bagratuni, Prince of Armenia, reigned
790 - 826
son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101101111001100011011001110111111 Smbat
VII,
presiding prince of Arab-ruled Armenia (d. April 25, 775) reigned 770-775,
son of
Generation 43
0.110111011011011110011000110110011101111111 Ashot
III Bagratuni AKA Ashot the
Blind (c. 690-762) presiding prince of Armenia 732-748,
grandson
of
Generation 45
0.11011101101101111001100011011001110111111111
Varaztirots II
(b.
c. 590) ruled as Armenian prince 628-634 md. Latavr of Iberia (b. c. 595)
son of
Generation 46
0.110111011011011110011000110110011101111111111 Smbat IV Bagratuni
of Armenia (b. c. 560,
ruled as marzban 604-616)
son of
Generation 47
0.110111011011011110011000110110011101111111111111 Manuel or Manvel Bagratuni
(b. c. 530), aspet
_________
Family of Lombardy, Starting with Generation 36, 0.11011101101101111001101110111111110 Rozala of Lombardy
0.11011101101101111001101110111111110 Rozala of
Lombardy (c. 950 - 1003) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110111111111 Arnulf II
Count of Flanders
(960 or 961-988), she later marreid King Robert II of
France
Rozala = daughter of
Generation 37
0.110111011011011110011011101111111101 Berengar II
of Italy (c. 900 - Au. 4,
966) md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111111100 Willa of Tuscany.
Berengar = son of
Generation 38
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111011 Adalbert I Margrave of Ivrea (d. Feb. 28, 929) md.
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111010 Gisela of Friuli daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110111111110101 King Berengar
I of Italy (c. 845 - 924) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110111111110100 Gertila of
Spoleto (c. 860 - 915), Bergengar I was son of 0.110111011011011110011011101111111101011 Berhard Duke of Friuli (c. 808-866) md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111111101010 Gisela, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111011111111010101 Louis
the Pious (c. 821- 874) Holy Roman Emperor and son of 0.11011101101101111001101110111111110101011 Charlemagne (April2, 742- Jan.
28, 814)
Adalbert = son of
Generation 39
0.11011101101101111001101110111111110111 Anscar I,
Margrave of Ivrea (860 -
March 902)
Anscar = son of
0.110111011011011110011011101111111101111 Count Amadeus of Oscheret
(c. 790-867)
____________
Third Family of Saxony, Starting with Generation 36, 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110 Gerberga of Saxony
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110
Gerberga of
Saxony (c. 913 - May 5, 984) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010001011 Louis IV of King France (Sept. 10, 920 - Sept. 30,
954)
Gerberga = daughter of
Generation 37
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101101 Henry the Fowler, king of Germany (876 - July 2, 936), and 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101100 Saint Matilda of Ringelheim (c. 894/897 - March 14, 968)
Also descended from their son, Otto I, the Great, Holy Roman Emperor
According
to Wikipedia: "Henry I the Fowler
(876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and King of the Germans from
919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and
emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the
medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he
obtained the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his
birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.
"Born
in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was
the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne.
In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon
count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, Count of Westphalia.
Matilda bore him three sons, one called Otto, and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded
many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg
where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.
"Henry
became Duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he
continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to
the South, the dukes of Franconia.
"In
918 Conrad I, King of East Francia and Duke of Franconia, died. Although they
had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in
Thuringia, before he died Conrad recommended Henry as his successor. Conrad's
choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother
and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The
assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king. Archbishop
Heriger of Mainz offered to anoint Henry according to
the usual ceremony, but he refused to be anointed by a high church official —
the only King of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he
wished to be king not by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke
Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new King, but Duke Arnulf of
Bavaria did not submit until Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921. Last,
Henry besieged Ratisbon (Regensburg) and forced Arnulf of Bavaria into
submission.
"In
920, Charles the Simple invaded Germany and marched as far as Pfeddersheim near Worms, but
retired on hearing that Henry was arming against him.
"On
November 7th, 921 Henry and Charles the Simple met each other and concluded a
treaty between them. However, with the beginning of civil war in France, Henry
sought to wrest Lorraine from the Western Kingdom. In the year of 923 Henry
crossed the Rhine twice. Later in the year he entered Lorraine with an army,
capturing a large part of the country. Until October of 924 the eastern part of
Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.
"Henry regarded the
kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and
saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the
empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had
attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain
complete internal control of their holdings.In
925, Giselbert again rebelled. Henry invaded Lorraine
and besieged Giselbert at Zillpich,
captured the town, and became master of a large portion of Lotharingia
(Lorraine). Thus he brought that realm, which had been
lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others
being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert
to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry
arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of
Saxony to his new vassal in 928.
"Henry
was an able military leader. In 921 Hungarians invaded Germany and Italy.
Although a sizable force was routed near Bleiburg in
Carinthia by Eberhard and the Count of Meran and
another group was routed by Liutfried, count of Elsace, Henry was forced to pay a tribute to the Magyars,
(Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany. By doing so he secured a
ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry
force.
"During
the truce with the Magyars, Henry subdued the Northern Slavic Tribes. In the
winter of 928, he marched against the Havelli and
seized their capital, Brandenburg. He then invaded Dalemintzi
on the lower Elbe, and conquered Jahna, the capital
after a siege. In 929, with the help of Duke Arnulf, Henry entered Bohemia.
Wenceslas surrendered his lands, but received them
back as a fief of the German crown, agreeing to pay a yearly tribute to the
German emperor. Meanwhile, the Redarii had driven
away their chief and captured the town of Walsleben
and massacred the inhabitants. Counts Bernard and Thietmar
marched against the fortress of Lenzen on the right
bank of the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely routed the enemy on 4
September 929. The Lusatians and the Ukrani on the lower Oder were subdued and made tributary in
932 and 934, respectively.
"In
933 Henry, with the end of his truce with the Magyars, refused to pay the
regular tribute. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all
the German tribes to victory at the Battle of Riade
in 933 near the river Unstrut, thus stopping the Magyar
advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the
Danes had been harrying the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of
Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae
reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated
into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had
attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934
"Henry
died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben,
one of his favourite places. By then all German
tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the
first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has
sometimes been considered to be Henry I, Holy Roman
Emperor.
"His
son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became Duke of
Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son
from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against
his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her
husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia,
Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King
Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter, Hedwige of
Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet,
the first Capetian king of France.
"Henry returned to public attention as a character in
Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that
Heinrich Himmler saw himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany"
Henry
= son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101101 Otto I, Duke of Saxony (
the Illustrious) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101100 Hedwig of Franconia
Otto
= son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011011 Liudolf, Duke of Saxony (c. 805 - March 12,
864 or 866) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010001011010 Oda, daughter of 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110101 Billung md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110100
Aeda
According
to Wikipedia: "Liudolf (born about 805, died 12
March 864 or 866) was a Saxon count, son of one count (Graf) Brun (Brunhart) and his wife Gisla von
Verla; later authors called him duke of the Eastern Saxons (dux orientalis Saxonum, probably
since 850) and count of Eastphalia. Liudolf had extended possessions in eastern Saxony, and was a leader in the wars of King Louis the
German against Normans and Slavs. The ruling Liudolfing
House, also known as the Ottonian dynasty, is named after him; he is its oldest
verified member.
"Before
830 Liudolf married Oda, daughter of a Frankish princeps
named Billung and his wife Aeda.
Oda died on 17 May 913, supposedly at the age of 107... By marrying a
Frankish nobleman's daughter, Liudolf followed
suggestions set forth by Charlemagne about ensuring the integrity of the Frankish
Empire in the aftermath of the Saxon Wars through marriage.
"In
845/846, Liudolf and his wife traveled to Rome in
order to ask Pope Sergius II for permission to found a house of secular canonesses, duly established at
their proprietary church in Brunshausen around 852,
and moved in 881 to form Gandersheim Abbey. Liudolf's minor daughter Hathumod
became the first abbess.
"Liudolf is buried in Brunshausen.
Liudolf
= son of
Generation 40
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110111 Graf Brun Bruhart md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110110 Gisla von Verla
_________
Second Family of Kiev, Starting from Generation 37, 0.110111011011111101001011001111110 Predslava
0.110111011011111101001011001111110
Predslava of
Kiev md.
0.110111011011111101001011001111110
Almos,
Prince of Hungary (c. 1070 or 1075 - Sept. 1, 1127 or 1129)
Predslava = daughter of
Generation 38
0.1101110110111111010010110011111101
Sviatopolk II
Iziaslavich, Prince of Kiev
(1050-1130)
Also descended from another daugher of his Zbyslava
Sviatopolk = son of
Generation 39
0.11011101101111110100101100111111011
Iziaslav I,
Prince of Kiev (1024 - Oct. 3, 1078) md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111111010 Gertrude of Poland, Family of Poland
Iziaslav = son of
Generation
40
0.110111011011111101001011001111110111
Yaroslav
the Wise (978 - Feb. 20, 1054) md. 0.110111011011111101001011001111110110 Ingegerd Olofsdotter daughter of 0.1101110110111111010010110011111101101
Olof Skolkonung Family of Sweden
Also descended from Yaroslav's
son Vsevolod I
____________
Third Family of Wessex, Starting with Generation 37, 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110 Eadgifu of England
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010110
Eadgifu of England md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111 Charles III, the Simple
or the Straightforward, King of France
(Sept. 17, 879 - Oct. 7, 929)
According
to Wikipedia: "Eadgifu
was the second wife of King Charles III of France[ whom she married in 919 after the death of his first wife, Frederonne; she was mother to Louis IV of France..
"In
922 Charles III was deposed and the next year taken prisoner by Count Herbert
II of Vermandois, an ally of the then current king.
To protect her son's safety Eadgifu took him to
England in 923 to the court of her half-brother, Athelstan of England. Because
of this, Louis IV of France became known as Louis d'Outremer
of France. He stayed there until 936, when he was called back to France to be
crowned King. Eadgifu accompanied him.
"She
retired to a convent in Laon. Then, in 951, she left the convent and married
Herbert III, Count of Vermandois."
Eadgifu = daughter of
Edward the Elder., King of Wessex and England md. Aelffaed daughter of Aethelhelm, ealdorman of Wiltshire
According
to Wikipedia: "Edward the Elder (c. 874-7– 17 July 924) was an English
king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His
court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex. He captured the
eastern Midlands and East Anglia from the Danes in 917 and became ruler of
Mercia in 918 upon the death of Æthelflæd, his sister.
"All
but two of his charters give his title as "king of the Anglo-Saxons"
(Anglorum Saxonum
rex). He was the second king of the Anglo-Saxons as this title was created
by Alfred.[2]
Edward's coinage reads "EADVVEARD REX." The
chroniclers record that all England "accepted Edward as lord" in 920.
But the fact that York continued to produce its own coinage suggests that
Edward's authority was not accepted in Viking ruled Northumbria.
Edward's eponym "the Elder" was first used in Wulfstan's
Life of St Æthelwold (tenth century) to
distinguish him from the later King Edward the Martyr.
"Of
the five children born to Alfred and Ealhswith who
survived infancy, Edward was the second-born and the elder son. Edward's birth
cannot be certainly dated. His parents married in 868 and his eldest sibling Æthelflæd was born soon afterwards as she was herself married in 883.
Edward was probably born rather later, in the 870s,
and probably between 874 and 877.
"Asser's Life of King Alfred
reports that Edward was educated at court together with his youngest sister Ælfthryth. His second sister, Æthelgifu,
was intended for a life in religion from an early age, perhaps due to ill
health, and was later abbess of Shaftesbury. The youngest sibling, Æthelweard, was educated at a court school where he learned
Latin, which suggests that he too was intended for a religious life. Edward and
Ælfthryth, however, while they learned the English of
the day, received a courtly education, and Asser refers to their taking part in
the "pursuits of this present life which are appropriate to the nobility"
"The
first appearance of Edward in the sources is in 892, in a charter granting land
at North Newnton, near Pewsey in Wiltshire, to
ealdorman Æthelhelm, where he is called filius regis, the
king's son. Although he was the reigning king's elder son, Edward was not
certain to succeed his father. Until the 890s, the
obvious heirs to the throne were Edward's cousins Æthelwold
and Æthelhelm, sons of Æthelred,
Alfred's older brother and predecessor as king. Æthelwold
and Æthelhelm were around ten years older than
Edward. Æthelhelm disappears from
view in the 890s, seemingly dead, but a
charter probably from that decade shows Æthelwold
witnessing before Edward, and the order of witnesses is generally believed to
relate to their status. As well as his greater age and experience, Æthelwold may have had another advantage over Edward where
the succession was concerned. While Alfred's wife Ealhswith
is never described as queen and was never crowned, Æthelwold
and Æthelhelm's mother Wulfthryth
was called queen.
""When Alfred died, Edward's cousin Æthelwold,
the son of King Æthelred of Wessex, rose up to claim the throne and began Æthelwold's
Revolt. He seized Wimborne, in Dorset, where his
father was buried, and Christchurch (then in Hampshire, now in Dorset). Edward
marched to Badbury and offered battle, but Æthelwold refused to leave Wimborne.
Just when it looked as if Edward was going to attack Wimborne,
Æthelwold left in the night, and joined the Danes in Northumbria, where he was announced as King. In the
meantime, Edward is alleged to have been crowned at Kingston upon Thames on 8
June 900
"In
901, Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex, and
encouraged the Danes in East Anglia to rise up. In the following year he
attacked English Mercia and northern Wessex. Edward retaliated by ravaging East
Anglia, but when he retreated south the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, and were intercepted by the Danish army. The two
sides met at the Battle of the Holme on 13 December
902. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Danes "kept the place of
slaughter", but they suffered heavy losses, including Æthelwold
and a King Eohric, possibly of the East Anglian Danes.
"Relations
with the North proved problematic for Edward for several more years. The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle mentions that he made peace with the East Anglian and
Northumbrian Danes "of necessity". There is also a mention of the
regaining of Chester in 907, which may be an indication that the city was taken
in battle
"In
909, Edward sent an army to harass Northumbria. In the following year, the Northumbrians
retaliated by attacking Mercia, but they were met by the combined Mercian and
West Saxon army at the Battle of Tettenhall, where the Northumbrian Danes were
destroyed. From that point, they never raided south of the River Humber.
"Edward
then began the construction of a number of fortresses (burhs), at
Hertford, Witham and Bridgnorth. He is also said to have built a fortress at Scergeat, but that location has not been identified. This
series of fortresses kept the Danes at bay. Other forts were built at Tamworth,
Stafford, Eddisbury and
Warwick. These burhs were built to the same specifications (within centimetres) as those within the territory that his father
had controlled; it has been suggested on this basis that Edward actually built them all.
"Edward
extended the control of Wessex over the whole of Mercia, East Anglia and Essex,
conquering lands occupied by the Danes and bringing the residual autonomy of
Mercia to an end in 918, after the death of his sister, Æthelflæd.
Ætheflæd's daughter, Ælfwynn,
was named as her successor, but Edward deposed her, bringing Mercia under his
direct control. He had already annexed the cities of London and Oxford and the
surrounding lands of Oxfordshire and Middlesex in
911. By 918, all of the Danes south of the Humber had
submitted to him. By the end of his reign, the Norse, the Scots and the Welsh
had acknowledged him as "father and lord".This recognition of Edward's overlordship in
Scotland led to his successors' claims of suzerainty over that Kingdom.
"Edward
reorganized the Church in Wessex, creating new bishoprics at Ramsbury and Sonning, Wells and Crediton. Despite this,
there is little indication that Edward was particularly religious. In fact, the
Pope delivered a reprimand to him to pay more attention to his religious
responsibilities.
"He
died leading an army against a Welsh-Mercian rebellion, on 17 July 924 at
Farndon-Upon-Dee and was buried in the New Minster in Winchester, Hampshire,
which he himself had established in 901. After the Norman Conquest, the minster
was replaced by Hyde Abbey to the north of the city and Edward's body was
transferred there. His last resting place is currently marked by a
cross-inscribed stone slab within the outline of the old abbey marked out in a
public park...
"Edward
had four siblings, including Æthelflæd, Lady of the
Mercians, and Ælfthryth, Countess of Flanders.
"King
Edward had about fourteen children from three marriages, (or according to some
sources, an extramarital relationship and two marriages).
"Edward
first married Ecgwynn around 893 and they became the
parents of the future King Athelstan and a daughter who married Sihtric Cáech, King of Dublin and
York in 926. Conflicting information about Ecgwynn is
given by different sources, none of which pre-date the Conquest.
"When
he became king in 899, Edward married Ælfflæd, a
daughter of Æthelhelm, the ealdorman of Wiltshire.Their son Ælfweard may
have briefly succeeded his father, but died just over
two weeks later and the two were buried together. Edward and Ælfflæd had six daughters: Eadgyth
who married Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor; Eadgifu,
married to Charles the Simple; Eadhild, who married
Hugh the Great, Duke of Paris; Ælfgifu who married
"a prince near the Alps", sometimes identified with Conrad of
Burgundy or Boleslaus II of Bohemia; and two nuns Eadflæd and Eadhild. A son, Edwin
Ætheling who drowned in 933 was possibly Ælfflæd's child, but that is not clear.
"Edward
married for a third time, about 919, to Eadgifu, the
daughter of Sigehelm, the ealdorman of Kent. They had
two sons who survived infancy, Edmund and Eadred, and
two daughters, one of whom was Saint Edburga of
Winchester the other daughter, Eadgifu, married
"Louis, Prince of Aquitaine", whose identity is disputed.
"Eadgifu outlived her husband and her sons, and was alive
during the reign of her grandson, King Edgar. William of Malmsbury's
history De antiquitate Glastonie
ecclesiae claims that Edward's second wife, Ælfflæd,
was also alive after Edward's death, but this is the only known source for that
claim."
Edward
= son of
Generation 38
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101101 Alfred the Great, Saxon
King of England (Wessex) (849-899), reigned 871-899 md.
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101100 Ealhswith (c.
852-905), daughter of 0.110111011011111101011010010010001011001 Aethered Mucil, Ealdorman of the Gaini
Alfred
= son of
Generation 39
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011011 Ethelwulf of Wessex (AKA Aethelwulf) (c.
800-858) King of Wessex (839-856) md. 0.110111011011111101011010010010001011010
Osburga (810-855)
First Wessex Family with earlier ancestors
___________
Family of Toulouse, Starting with Generation 38, 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101110 Adelaide of Paris
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101110 Adelaide of Paris (c. 850/853 - Nov.
10, 901) md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101111 Louis the
Stammerer (Nov. 1, 846 - April 10, 879)
According
to Wikipedia: "Adélaïde de Paris, or Aélis
(c. 850/853 – 10 November 901) was the second wife of Louis the Stammerer, King
of Western Francia, and was the mother of Charles the Simple. Adelaide was the
daughter of the count palatine Adalard of Paris. Her
great-grandfather was Bégon, Count of Paris. Her
great-grandmother, Alpaïs, wife of Bégon, was the illegitimate daughter of Louis the Pious by
an unnamed mistress.
"Adelaide
was chosen by Charles the Bald, King of Western Francia, to marry his son and
heir, Louis the Stammerer, despite the fact that Louis
had secretly married Ansgarde of Burgundy against the
wishes of his father. Although Louis and Ansgarde
already had two children, Louis and Carloman, Charles
prevailed upon Pope John VIII, to dissolve the union. This accomplished,
Charles married his son to Adelaide in February 875.
"However,
the marriage was called into question because of the close blood-kinship of the
pair. When on 7 September 878 the pope crowned Louis (who had succeeded his
father in the previous year), the pope refused to crown Adelaide.
"When
Louis the Stammerer died in Compiegne on 10 April 879, he had no heirs by
Adelaide; she was, however, pregnant, giving birth on 17 September 879, to
Charles the Simple.The birth of this child led to a
dispute between Adelaide and her deceased husband's repudiated wife, Ansgarde. Ansgarde and her sons
accused Adelaide of adultery; Adelaide in turn disputed the right of Ansgarde's sons to inherit. Eventually, Adelaide succeeded
in winning the case; but despite this, Ansgarde's
sons Louis and Carloman remained kings until their
deaths without heirs in 882 and 884 respectively, with the crown then being
contested between Odo, Count of Paris and Charles the
Fat.
"Charles
the Simple eventually succeeded to his father's throne in 898; his mother
assisted in crowning him.
"Adelais of Paris died in Laon on 10 November 901. She was
buried in the Abbey of Saint-Corneille, Compiègne,
Picardy, France."
Adelaide
= daughter of
Generation 39
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011101 Count Palatine Adalard of Paris (c. 830
- 890)
Adalard
= son of
Generation 40
Adelaide
= daughter of
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111011 Beggo, Count of Toulouse (d. 816) md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111010 Alpais or
Amaudru
According
to Wikipedia: "Beggo
(died 816) was the son of Gerard I of Paris and Rotrude,
daughter of Carloman, son of Charles Martel. He was
appointed Count of Toulouse, Duke of Septimania, Duke
of Aquitaine, and Margrave of the Hispanic March in 806 and followed his father
as Count of Paris in 815.
"In
806, William of Gellone abdicated and Charlemagne
appointed Beggo to take his place in Toulouse and Gothia. He did not succeed his
father in Paris, but was later placed in the comital office there, but did not
live long after that.
"He
married either Amaudru, illegitimate daughter of
Charlemagne or her niece, Alpais, illegitimate
daughter of Louis the Pious."
Beggo
= son of
Generation 41
0.11011101101111110101101001001000101110111 Gerard I of Paris md. 0.11011101101111110101101001001000101110110 Rotrude
Rotrude = daughter of
Generation 42
0.110111011011111101011010010010001011101111 Carloman, Mayor of
the Palace (b. between 706 and 716 - Aug. 17, 754)
According
to Wikipedia: "Carloman (between 706 and
716 – 17 August 754) was the eldest son of Charles Martel, major domo or
mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and his wife Chrotrud.
On Charles' death (741), Carloman and his brother
Pippin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions, Carloman in Austrasia, and Pippin in Neustria. He was a
member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he
was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian
kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the
monastic habit.
"After
the death of his father, power was not initially divided to include Grifo, another of Charles' sons, by his second wife Swanachild. This was per Charles' wishes, though Grifo demanded a portion of the realm from his brothers,
who refused him. By 742, Carloman and Pippin had
ousted their half-brother, Grifo and forced him into
a monastery, and each turned his attention towards his own area of influence as
major domo, Pippin in the West (in what was called Neustria, roughly
what is now France) and Carloman in the East (in what
was called Austrasia, roughly what is now Germany), which was the Carolingian
base of power.
"With
Grifo contained, the two mayors, who had not yet
proved themselves in battle in defence of the realm
as their father had, on the initiative of Carloman,
installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king (743), even though Martel had
left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic
IV in 737.
"Unlike
most medieval instances of fraternal power sharing, Carloman
and Pippin for seven years seemed at least willing to work together; certainly,
they undertook many military actions together. Carloman
joined Pippin against Hunald of Aquitaine's rising in
742 and again in 745. Pippin assisted Carloman
against the Saxons 742-743, when Duke Theoderic was
forced to come to terms, and against Odilo of Bavaria
in 742 and again in 744, when peace was established between the brothers and
their brother-in-law, for Odilo had married their
sister Hiltrude.
"In
his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in
part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid
(later Saint Boniface), the so-called "Apostle of the Germans," whom
he charged with restructuring the church in Austrasia. This was in part the
continuation of a policy begun under his grandfather, Pippin of Herstal, and continued to under his father,
Charles Martel, who erected four dioceses in Bavaria (Salzburg, Regensburg,
Freising, and Passau) and gave them Boniface as archbishop and metropolitan
over all Germany east of the Rhine, with his seat at Mainz. Boniface had been
under Charles Martel's protection from 723 on; indeed
the saint himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that
without it he could neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor
prevent idolatry. Carloman was instrumental in
convening the Concilium Germanicum in 742, the
first major synod of the Catholic Church to be held in the eastern regions of
the Frankish kingdom. Chaired jointly by him and Boniface, the synod ruled that
priests were not allowed to bear arms or to host females in their houses and
that it was one of their primary tasks to eradicate pagan beliefs. While his
father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and
to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, (a policy
supported by Boniface as necessary to defend Christianity) by 742 the
Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still
support the Church. For Carloman, a deeply religious
man, it was a duty of love, for Pippin a practical duty. Both saw the necessity
of strengthening the ties between their house and the Church. Therefore, Carloman sought to increase the assets of the Church. He
donated, for instance, the land for one of Boniface's most important
foundations, the monastery of Fulda.
"Despite his piety, Carloman could be ruthless towards real or perceived
opponents. After repeated armed revolts and rebellions, Carloman
in 746 convened an assembly of the Alamanni magnates at Cannstatt and then had
most of the magnates, numbering in the thousands, arrested and executed for
high treason in the Blood Court at Cannstatt. This eradicated virtually the
entire tribal leadership of the Alamanni and ended the independence of the
tribal duchy of Alamannia, which was thereafter
governed by counts appointed by their Frankish overlords.
"These
actions strengthened Carloman's position, and that of
the family as a whole, especially in terms of their
rivalries with other leading barbarian families such as the Bavarian Agilolfings.
"On
15 August 747, Carloman renounced his position as major
domo and withdrew to a monastic life, being tonsured
in Rome by Pope Zachary. All sources from the period indicate that Carloman's renunciation of the world was volitional,
although some have speculated that he went to Rome for other, unspecified
reasons and was "encouraged" to remain in Rome by the pope, acting on
a request from Pepin to keep Carloman in Italy.[3]
"Carloman
founded a monastery on Monte Soratte and then went to
Monte Cassino. All sources from the period indicate that he believed his
calling was the Church. He withdrew to Monte Cassino and spent most of the
remainder of his life there, presumably in meditation and prayer. His son,
Drogo, demanded from Pippin the Short his father's share of the family
patrimony, but was swiftly neutralised.
"At
the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Bavaria, where
Duke Odilo provided support and assistance. But when Odilo died a year later and Grifo
attempted to seize the duchy of Bavaria for himself, Pippin, who had become
sole major domo and dux et princeps Francorum, took decisive
action by invading Bavaria and installing Odilo's
infant son, Tassilo III,
as duke under Frankish suzerainty. Grifo continued
his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle
of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.
"Seven
years after Carloman's retirement and on the eve of
his death, he once more stepped briefly on the public stage. In 754, Pope
Stephen II had begged Pippin, now king, to come to his aid against the king of
the Lombards, Aistulf. Carloman
left Monte Cassino to visit his brother to ask him not to march on Italy (and
possibly to drum up support for his son Drogo). Pippin was unmoved, and
imprisoned Carloman in Vienne, where he died on 17
August. He was buried in Monte Cassino."
Carloman
= son of
Generation 43
0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111011111
Charles "The Hammer"
Martel (688-741) Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and King or Duke
of the Franks, won the Battle of Tours in 732, halting Muslim expansion in
Europe. md. 0.1101110110111111010110100100100010111011119
Rotrude of Treve (690-724) (daughter of St. Leutwinus, Count and Bishop of Treves Family of Treve, Ancestors of Charles Martel
from another line
___________
Holy Roman Emperors, Starting with Generation 38, from 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110 Judith of Flanders
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110 Judith of Flanders (Oct. 844-870) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111111
Baldwin I of Flanders
Judith
= character in "The Marsh King" by C. Walter Hodges and in
"Judith of France" and "Journey for a Princess" by Margaret
C. Leighton.
According
to Wikipedia: "Judith of Flanders (844 – 870) was a daughter of the
Frankish king Charles the Bald. Through her marriage to two kings of Wessex she
was first a queen, then later through her third marriage to Baldwin, she became
Countess of Flanders. Judith was born in October of 844, the daughter of
Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, and Ermentrude.
Her father gave her in marriage to Ethelwulf, King of
Wessex on October 1, 856 at Verberie sur Oise,
France. Soon after, Ethelwulf's son Ethelbald forced his father to abdicate. Following Ethelwulf's death on January 13, 858, Ethelbald
married his widowed stepmother Judith. However, the
marriage was annulled in 860 on the grounds of consanguinity. Judith eloped
with Baldwin in January 862. They were likely married at the monastery of Senlis before they eloped. The couple was in hiding from
Judith's father, King Charles the Bald, until October after which they went to
her uncle Lothair II for protection. From there they
fled to Pope Nicholas I. The pope took diplomatic action and asked Judith's
father to accept the union as legally binding and welcome the young couple into
his circle - which ultimately he did. The couple then
returned to France and were officially married at Auxerre. Baldwin was accepted
as son-in-law and was given the land directly south of the Scheldt to ward off
Viking attacks. Although it is disputed among historians as to whether King
Charles did this in the hope that Baldwin would be killed in the ensuing
battles with the Vikings, Baldwin managed the situation remarkably well.
Baldwin succeeded in quelling the Viking threat, expanded both his army and his
territory quickly, and became one of the most faithful supporters of King
Charles. The March of Baldwin came to be known as the County of Flanders and
was for a long time the most powerful principality of France."
Judith
= daughter of
Generation 39
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101 Charles the
Bald (June 13, 823 - Oct. 6, 877) Holy Roman Emperor 875-877
md. 842 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111100
Ermentrude of
Orleans (823-869)
According
to Wikipedia: "Charles the Bald[1] (13 June 823 –
6 October 877), Holy Roman Emperor (875–877, as Charles II) and King of West
Francia (840–877), was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his
second wife Judith."
According
to Wikipedia: "Ermentrude of Orléans (also Hirmentrude or Irmintrud)
(September 27, 823 – October 6, 869) was Queen of Franks by her marriage to
Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia. She was the
daughter of Odo, Count of Orleans and his wife, Engeltrude."
Charles
= son of
Generation 40
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011 Louis the
Pious AKA Louis I, Louis the Fair, Louis the Debonaire (778 - June 20, 840)
Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks 813-840 md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111010 Judith of Bavaria (805-843) daughter of
Count Welf and Hedwig Duchess of Bavaria
According
to Wikipedia: "Louis the Pious (778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and
the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor (as Louis I)
and King of the Franks with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. As the only
surviving adult son of Charlemagne, he became the sole ruler of the Franks
after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save
for the period 833–34, during which he was deposed. During his reign in
Aquitaine Louis was charged with the defence of the
Empire's southwestern frontier. He reconquered Barcelona from the Muslims in
801 and re-asserted Frankish authority over Pamplona and the Basques south of
the Pyrenees in 813. As emperor he included his adult sons—Lothair,
Pepin, and Louis—in the government and sought to establish a suitable division
of the realm between them. The first decade of his reign was characterised by several tragedies and embarrassments,
notably the brutal treatment of his nephew Bernard of Italy, for which Louis
atoned in a public act of self-debasement. In the 830s
his empire was storn by civil war between his sons,
only exacerbated by Louis's attempts to include his son Charles by his second
wife in the succession plans. Though his reign ended on a high note, with order
largely restored to his empire, it was followed by three years of civil war.
Louis is generally compared unfavourably to his
father, though the problems he faced were of a distinctly different sort."
According
to Wikipedia: "Queen Judith or Iudit (805 -
April 19 or 23, 843), also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of
Count Welf and a Saxon noblewoman named Hedwig,
Duchess of Bavaria (780 - 826). She became Queen consort of the Franks.
She became the second wife of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of
the Franks; they married in Aachen in 819."
Louis
= son of
Generation 41
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111 Charlemagne (747-814) Holy Roman Emperor
md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110
Hildegarde
(758 - 783) Family of Bavaria
According
to Wikipedia: "Charlemagne (Latin: Carolus Magnus or Karolus
Magnus, meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814) was King of the
Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdoms into a Frankish
Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign,
he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25
December 800 as a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople. His rule is
also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion,
and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign
conquests and internal reforms, Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe
and the Middle Ages. He is numbered as Charles I in the regnal lists of France,
Germany, and the Holy Roman Empire. The son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, he succeeded his father and co-ruled with
his brother Carloman I. The latter got on badly with
Charlemagne, but war was prevented by the sudden death of Carloman
in 771. Charlemagne continued the policy of his father towards the papacy and
became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in Italy, and waging war
on the Saracens, who menaced his realm from Spain. It was during one of these
campaigns that Charlemagne experienced the worst defeat of his life, at Roncesvalles
(778). He also campaigned against the peoples to his east, especially the
Saxons, and after a protracted war subjected them to his rule. By forcibly
converting them to Christianity, he integrated them into his realm and thus
paved the way for the later Ottonian dynasty. Today he is regarded not only as
the founding father of both French and German monarchies, but also as the
father of Europe: his empire united most of Western Europe for the first time
since the Romans, and the Carolingian renaissance encouraged the formation of a
common European identity.[1] Pierre Riché reflects
". . . he enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of his reign,
by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly marked
the history of western Europe.""
According
to Wikipedia: "Hildegard (758-30 April 783) was the daughter of Count Gerold of Vinzgouw and Emma of Alamannia, daughter of Hnabi,
Duke of Alamannia. Hildegard was the second wife of
Charlemagne, who married her about 771."
Charlemagne
= son of
Generation 42
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111 Pepin or Pippin AKA Pepin the Younger or
Pepin III (714-768), Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Duke of the
Franks 741-768), King of the Franks 751-768) md. 744,
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101110
Bertrada of
Laon (720-783)
daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011101
Caribert,
Count of Laon, who was son of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111010
Bertrada of
Prium
According to Wikipedia:
"Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often
known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and
Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the
father of Charlemagne.
He
was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and
of Rotrude of Trier (690-724). Pepin's father,
Charles Martel, died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom
between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his
surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became
Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria.
Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may
also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a
monastery by his two half-brothers. Carloman, who by
all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. This left
Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps
Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal."
According
to Wikipedia: "Bertrada of Laon, also called
Bertha Broadfoot, (720 – July 12, 783) was a Frankish
queen. She was born in Laon, in today's Aisne, France, the daughter of Caribert of Laon. She married Pepin the Short, the son of
the Frankish Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel, in 740, although the union was
not canonically sanctioned until several years later. Eleven years later, in
751, Pepin and Bertrada became King and Queen of the
Franks, following Pepin's successful coup against the Frankish Merovingian
monarchs. Bertrada and Pepin are known to have had
four children, three sons and one daughter: of these, Charles (Charlemagne), Carloman, and Gisela survived to adulthood, whilst Pepin
died in infancy. Charlemagne and Carloman would
inherit the two halves of their father's kingdom when he died, and Gisela
became a nun. Bertrada lived at the court of her
elder son Charles, and according to Einhard their relationship was excellent.
She recommended he marry his first wife, Desiderata, a daughter of the Lombard
king Desiderius, but he soon divorced her. Einhard claims this was the only
episode that ever strained relations between mother
and son. Bertrada lived with Charlemagne until her
death in 783; the king buried her in Saint Denis Basilica with great
honors."
Pepin
= son of
Generation 43
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111 Charles "The Hammer" Martel
(688-741) Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and King or Duke of the Franks, won
the Battle of Tours in 732, halting Muslim expansion in Europe. md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011110
Rotrude of
Treve (690-724) daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111101
St. Leutwinus,
Count and Bishop of Treves
Family of Treve
According
to Wikipedia: "Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Latin: Carolus
Martellus, English: Charles "the Hammer") (ca. 688 – 22 October 741)
was proclaimed Mayor of the Palace and ruled the Franks in the name of a
titular King. Late in his reign he proclaimed himself Duke of the Franks (the
last four years of his reign he did not even bother with the façade of a King)
and by any name was de facto ruler of the Frankish Realms. In 739 he was
offered an office of Roman consul by the Pope, which he rejected
possibly not to conflict with Theodatus Ursus
who already occupied the office by appointment of the Byzantine emperor Leo III
the Isaurian. He expanded his rule over all three of the Frankish kingdoms:
Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy. Martel was born in Herstal, in present-day Belgium, the illegitimate son of
Pippin the Middle and his concubine Alpaida (or Chalpaida). He was described by Louis Gustave and Charles
Strauss in their book "Moslem and Frank; or,
Charles Martel and the rescue of Europe" as a tall, powerfully built man,
who was more agile than his size would lead men to believe. He is best
remembered for winning the Battle of Tours in 732, which has traditionally been
characterized as an event that halted the Islamic expansionism in Europe that
had conquered Iberia."Charles's victory has
often been regarded as decisive for world history, since it preserved western
Europe from Muslim conquest and Islamization." In addition to being the
leader of the army that prevailed at Tours, Charles Martel was a truly giant
figure of the Middle Ages. A brilliant general, he is considered the forefather
of western heavy cavalry, chivalry, founder of the Carolingian Empire (which
was named after him), and a catalyst for the feudal system, which would see
Europe through the Middle Ages. Although some recent scholars have suggested he
was more of a beneficiary of the feudal system than a knowing agent for social
change, others continue to see him as the primary catalyst for the feudal
system."
According
to Wikipedia: "Rotrude of Treves (variously
spelled Chrotrude, Chrotrud,
Rotrude, Chotrude, Chrotude, Chrotrudis), also known
as Rotrou of Treves, was born in 690 in Austrasia;
died 724, daughter of St. Leutwinus, Bishop of
Treves, Bishop of Trier, and Daughter of Chrodobertus
II. She married Charles Martel, son of Pepin of Heristal."
Charles
= son of
Generation 44
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111 Pepin of Herstal
AKA Pepin II or Pepin the Middle (635-616) Mayor of the Palace of
Austrasia, and of Neustria and Burgundy md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111110
Alpaida
According
to Wikipedia: "Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c. 635 – 16
December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia from 680 to his death
and of Neustria and Burgundy from 687 to 695. He was also the first mayor of
the palace to "reign" as Duke and Prince of the Franks and he by far
overshadowed the Merovingian rois fainéants. Pepin,
sometimes called Pepin II and Pepin the Middle was the grandson and namesake of
Pepin I the Elder by the marriage of Pepin I's daughter Begga
and Ansegisel, son of Arnulf of Metz. That marriage
united the two houses of the Pippinids and the Arnulfings which created what would be called the
Carolingian dynasty. Pepin II was probably born in Herstal
(Héristal), modern Belgium (where his centre of power lay), whence his byname (sometimes "of
Heristal")."
Pepin
= son of
Generation 45
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111
Ansegisel (602 or
610-murdered before 679 or 662) md. d.
652) 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111110 Saint Begga (615-693) Family
of Saint Begga
Overlapping
lines. We are also descended from Ansegisel's
brother Saint Clodulf
According
to Wikipedia: "Ansegisel (also Ansgise) (also Ansegus) (alsoAnchises) (c. 602 or 610 – murdered before 679 or 662)
was the son of Saint Arnulf, bishop of Metz and his wife Saint Doda. He served
King Sigbert III of Austrasia (634-656) as a duke
(Latin dux, a military leader) and domesticus. He was
killed sometime before 679, slain in a feud by his enemy Gundewin."
According
to Wikipedia: "Saint Begga (also Begue) (615 – December 17, 693) was the daughter of Pepin
of Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, and his wife Itta. On the death of
her husband, she took the veil, founded several churches, and built a convent
at Andenne on the Meuse River (Andenne
sur Meuse) where she spent the rest of her days as abbess. Some hold that the
Beguine movement which came to light in the 12th century was actually
founded by St. Begga; and the church in the beguinage of Lier, Belgium, has a statue of St. Begga standing above the inscription: St. Begga, our foundress. The Lier beguinage
dates from the 13th century. More than likely, however, the Beguines derived
their name from that of the priest Lambert le Begue,
under whose protection the witness and ministry of the Beguines
flourished."
Ansegisel = son of
Generation 46
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111111
Saint
Arnulf of Metz (582 - 640) md. around 584 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110 Saint Doda
(b. around 584) md. around 596 Family of Saint Doda
According
to Wikipedia: "Saint Arnulf of Metz was born of an important Frankish
family at an uncertain date around 582. In his younger years he was called to
the Merovingian court to serve king Theudebert II
(595-612) of Austrasia and as dux at the Schelde.
Later he became bishop of Metz. During his life he was attracted to religious life and he retired as a monk. After his death he was
canonized as a saint. In the French language he is also known as Arnoul or Arnoulf."
According
to Wikipedia: "Dode or Doda, also called Dode of Metz, Dode of Old Saxony
or Doda the Saxon, who became a nun in 612 at Treves becoming called also Clothilde of Treves, born ca 584, married ca 596 to Arnulf
of Metz."
_______________________
Family of Early Norwegian Kings, House of Yngling, Starting with Generation 38, from 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110 Ascrida Rognvaldsdatter
0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110
Ascrida Rognvaldsdatter md. c. 819 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111111 Eystein Ivarsson b. 788 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway, a
"petty" king of Norway md.
Ascrida = daughter of
Generation 39
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101 Ragnvald (or Rognvald)
"the Mountain-High" Olafsson was a petty king of
Vestfold in what is today Norway.
Ragnvald = son of
Generation 40
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101 Olaf
Gudrødsson, or as he was named after his death Olaf Geirstad-Alf, was a
legendary Norwegian king of the House of Yngling from
the Ynglinga saga. (Brother of Halfdan
the Black).
Olaf
= son of
Generation 41
0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011 Gudrød the Hunter was a
semi-legendary king in south-east Norway, during the early Viking Age.
Gudrød = son of
Generation 42
0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110111
Halfdan the Mild of the House of
Yngling, King of Romerike and
Vestfold in what now in Norway md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110110
Liv daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110110
1 King Dag of Vestmar
Halfdan
"was said to be generous in gold but to starve his men with food. He was a
great warrior who often pillaged and gathered great booty."
Halfdan = son of
Generation 43
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101111 Eystein Halfdansson, King of Romerike and
Vestfold in what is now Norway md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101110
Hild daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011101
Erik Agnarsson,
King of Romerike and Vestfold
Eystein
= son of
Generation 44
0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011111 Halfdan Hvitbeinn, a mythical petty
king in Norway (described in Ynglinga saga, written in
the 1220s by Snorri Sturluson)
md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011110
Asa daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110111101
Eystein,
king of Oppland and Hedmark
Halfdan
= son of
Generation 45
0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110111111 Olaf
Tree Feller or Olof Tratalja of the House of Yngling
Sacrificed
to Odin by the Swedish settlers in Värmland because
of a famine.
Olaf
= son of
Generation 46
0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101111111 Ingjald III, King of Sweden md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101111111101111110
Gauthild Algautsdottir (7th century), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011111101
Algaut, Geatish King ruler of West Gotaland according
to the Heimskringla. (Snorri Sturluson relates that he was burnt to death by
his son-in-law, the Swedish king Ingjald Ill) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011011111111011111100
unknown, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110111111110111111001
Olof the Sharp-Sighted, King of Nerike
__________
Family of Poland, Starting with Generation 39, 0.11011101101111110100101100111111010 Gertrude of Poland
0.11011101101111110100101100111111010
Gertrude of Poland md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111111011
Iziaslav I, Prince of Kiev (1024 - Oct. 3, 1078)
Gertrude = daughter of
Generation 40
0.110111011011111101001011001111110101
Mieszko II Lambert, King of Poland (990-1034) md. 0.110111011011111101001011001111110100
Richeza of
Lotharingia
Mieszko = son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110111111010010110011111101011
Bolesaw I, "the Brave", King of Poland (967-1025) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011111101010 Enmilda
Bolesaw = son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101111110100101100111111010111
Mieszko I, King of Poland md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111111010110 Dobrawa (940-977) Family of Bohemia
_______________
First Family of Wessex, Starting with Generation 39, from 0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110 Aelfthryth
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110 Aelfthryth (d. 929) md.0.11011101101101111001101110111111111111
Baldwin II Count of Flanders (875-918)
Aeltfhryth = daughter of
Generation 40
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111101 Alfred
the Great, Saxon King of England (Wessex) (849-899), reigned 871-899 md. 0.110111011011011110011011101111111111100 Ealhswith (c.
852-905), daughter of Aethered Mucil,
Ealdorman of the Gaini
(see Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)
According
to Wikipedia: "Contemporary historian Ralph
of Diceto traced his family's lineage through Matilda of Scotland to the Anglo-Saxon
kings of England and Alfred the Great, and from there legend linked
them to Noah and Woden.
According to Angevin family tradition, there was even 'infernal blood' in their
ancestry, with a claimed descent from the fairy, or female demon, Melusine."
Alfred = son of
Generation 41
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011 King Ethelwulf of Wessex
(795-858), reigned 839-856 md. 0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111010 Osburga
Aethelwulf
= son of
Generation 42
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110111 King Egbert (Egberht) of
Wessex, first king of England (d. 839), reigned 829-839
Egbert = son of
Generation 43
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111101111 Ealmund of Kent (745-827)
Ealmund
= son of
Generation 44
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011111 Eafa the
West Saxon (b. c.
730) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011110
daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110111100 Aethelbert
II of Kent
Eafa = son of
Generation 45
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110111111 Eoppa (born c. 706) md. Kentish princess
Eoppa = son of
Generation 46
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111101111111 Ingild of Wessex
(672-718)
Ingild
= son of
Generation 47
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011111111 Cenred of Wessex (b. 640)
Cenred
= son of
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110111111111 Ceolwald of Wessex
Generation 48
Ceolwald = son of
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111101111111111 Cutha Cathwulf of
Wessex (b. 592)
Cutha Cathwulf = son of
Generation 49
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011111111111 Cuthwine of Wessex
Cuthwine
= son of
Generation 50
0.11011101101101111001101110111111111110111111111111 Cealwin of Wessex (d. 593)
Cealwin
= son of
Generation 51
0.110111011011011110011011101111111111101111111111111 Cynric
of Wessex, king of Wessex 534-560
Cynric = son of
Generation 52
0.1101110110110111100110111011111111111011111111111111 Cerdic of Wessex
(d. 534) ruled as King of Wessex 519-534 = leader of the first group of West
Saxons to come to England in 495.
He and his son are portrayed in the movie King Arthur as killed in battle by
King Arthur and Sir Lancelot.
_________________
Family of Saint Begga, Starting from Generation 45, 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111110 Saint Begga
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111110 Saint Begga
(615-693) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111
Ansegisel (602 or 610-murdered before 679 or 662) md. d. 652)
Overlapping lines. You are also descended
from Pepin I's son Herbert I, Count of Vermandois
Begga = daughter of
Generation 46
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111101
Pepin I the Elder of Landen
(580-640) Mayor of the
Palace of Austrasia md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111100
Saint Itta, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111001
Arnoald,
Bishop of Metz, son of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111110011
Ansbertus md.
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111110010
Blithilde
According
to Wikipedia: "Pepin (also Peppin, Pipin, or Pippin) of Landen (c. 580 – 27 February 640),
also called the Elder or the Old, was the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
under the Merovingian king Dagobert I from 623 to 629. He was also the mayor
for Sigebert III from 639 until his own death.
Pepin's father is named Carloman by the Chronicle of Fredegar, the chief source for his life. His byname comes
from his probable birthplace: Landen, modern Belgium. He is sometimes called
Pepin I and his other nicknames (Elder and Old) come from his position at the
head of the family called the Pippinids after him.
Through the marriage of his daughter Begga to Ansegisel, a son of Arnulf of Metz, the clans of the Pippinids and the Arnulfings were
united, giving rise to a family which would eventually rule the Franks as the
Carolingians."
According
to Wikipedia: "Saint Itta or Itta of Metz (also Ida, Itte
or Iduberga) (592-652), was the wife of Pepin of
Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia. Her brother was Saint Modoald, bishop of Trier. Her sister was abbess Saint Severa. Their parents were Arnoald,
Bishop of Metz, son of Ansbertus. On the advice of
the missionary bishop Saint Amand, bishop of
Maastricht, after Pippin's death, she founded the Benedictine nunnery at Nivelles, with a monastery under the abbess. She herself
entered it and installed as abbess her daughter Gertrude, perhaps after
resigning the post herself. She had by Pepin another daughter, Abbess Begga of Andenne who married Ansegisel, son of Arnulf of Metz. By Begga,
she is the grandmother of Pepin of Herstal and one of
the matriarchs of the great Carolingian family. Her only son was Grimoald, later mayor of the palace, and father of King Childebert the Adopted. Both her daughters were later canonised, as was she. Her feast day is May 8."
Pepin
= son of
Generation 47
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111011 Carloman
________
Family of Bavaria, Starting at Generation 41, 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110 Hildegarde
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110
Hildegarde (758 -
783) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111 Charlemagne,
Holy Roman Emperor (747-814)
According
to Wikipedia: "Charlemagne (Latin: Carolus Magnus or Karolus
Magnus, meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814) was King of the
Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdoms into a Frankish
Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign,
he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25
December 800 as a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople. His rule is
also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion,
and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign
conquests and internal reforms, Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe
and the Middle Ages. He is numbered as Charles I in the regnal lists of France,
Germany, and the Holy Roman Empire. The son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, he succeeded his father and co-ruled with
his brother Carloman I. The latter got on badly with
Charlemagne, but war was prevented by the sudden death of Carloman
in 771. Charlemagne continued the policy of his father towards the papacy and
became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in Italy, and waging war
on the Saracens, who menaced his realm from Spain. It was during one of these
campaigns that Charlemagne experienced the worst defeat of his life, at
Roncesvalles (778). He also campaigned against the peoples to his east,
especially the Saxons, and after a protracted war subjected them to his rule.
By forcibly converting them to Christianity, he integrated them into his realm and
thus paved the way for the later Ottonian dynasty. Today he is regarded not
only as the founding father of both French and German monarchies, but also as
the father of Europe: his empire united most of Western Europe for the first
time since the Romans, and the Carolingian renaissance encouraged the formation
of a common European identity.[1] Pierre Riché
reflects ". . . he enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of
his reign, by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly
marked the history of western Europe.""
According to Wikipedia:
"Hildegard (758-30 April 783) was the daughter of Count Gerold of Vinzgouw and Emma of Alamannia, daughter of Hnabi,
Duke of Alamannia. Hildegard was the second wife of
Charlemagne, who married her about 771."
Hildegarde
was the daughter of
Generation 42
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101101 Count Gerold of Vinzgau (725-799) Margrave of the Avarian March and
Prefect of Bavaria md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100
Emma of Alamannia (730-789) Family of Alamannia
According
to Wikipedia: "Gerold of Vinzgouw
(also Vintzgau or Anglachgau;
c. 725 – 799) was an Alamannian nobleman, serving the
Frankish King as Margrave of the Avarian March and Prefect of Bavaria. Gerold played a significant role in the integration of
Bavaria into the Frankish Kingdom. Being related to the family of the Agilofings, he was appointed Prefect of Bavaria after the
deposition of Duke Tassilo III in 788. In 784
generous donations to the monastery of Lorsch by Gerold
and Emma are recorded. In 799 he fell in a battle against the Avars, a short while after his son Eric was killed by the
treachery of the same. He was succeeded by his surviving sons Gerold II and Udalrich I."
_________
Family of Bohemia, Starting with Generation 42, 0.11011101101111110100101100111111010110 Dobrawa
0.11011101101111110100101100111111010110 Dobrawa
(940-977) md. 0.11011101101111110100101100111111010111 Mieszko I, King of Poland md.
Dobrawa = daughter of
Generation 43
0.110111011011111101001011001111110101101
Boleslaus I, "the Cruel", Duke of Bohemia (d. 967) md. 0.110111011011111101001011001111110101100
Biagota
Brother of "Good King Wenceslaus", who killed Wenceslaus to get his throne.
Boleslaus = son of
Generation 44
0.1101110110111111010010110011111101011011
Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia (888-921) md. 0.1101110110111111010010110011111101011010
Drahomira
Vratislaus = son of
Generation 45
0.11011101101111110100101100111111010110111
Borivoj I, Duke of
Bohemia md.
0.11011101101111110100101100111111010110110 Saint
Ludmila (c. 860-921) daughter of 0.110111011011111101001011001111110101101101
Slavibor
a Sorbian prince, reigned 859-894
According to Wikipedia: "Saint Ludmila (c. 860 – September
15, 921) is a saint and martyr venerated by the Orthodox and the Roman
Catholics. She was born in Melník as daughter of a
Slavic prince Slavibor. Saint Ludmila was the
grandmother of Saint Wenceslaus, who is widely referred to as Good King
Wenceslaus.
Ludmila was married to Borivoj I of Bohemia, who was
the first Christian Duke of Bohemia. The couple was converted to Christianity
around 871, probably through the efforts of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Their
efforts to convert Bohemia to Christianity were initially not well received,
and they were driven from their country for a time by the pagans. Eventually
the couple returned, and ruled for several years before retiring to Tetín, near Beroun.
The couple was succeeded by their son Spytihnev, who ruled for two
years before he died. Spytihnev, was
succeeded by his brother Vratislav. When Vratislav died in 921, his eight year old
son Wenceslas became the next ruler of Bohemia. It was mainly Ludmila who
raised her grandson.
Wenceslaus' mother Drahomíra
became jealous of Ludmila's influence over Wenceslaus. She had two noblemen
murder Ludmila at Tetín, and part of Ludmila's story
says that she was strangled with her veil. Initially Saint Ludmila was buried
at St. Michael's at Tetín. Sometime before the year
1100 her remains were removed to the church of St. George at Prague, Czech
Republic.
Saint Ludmila is
venerated as a patroness of Bohemia. Her feast day is celebrated on September
16. She is considered to be a patron saint of Bohemia,
converts, Czech Republic, duchesses, problems with in-laws, and widows. She was
canonized shortly after her death.
___________
Family of Alamannia, Starting with Generation 42, 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100 Emma of Alamannia
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100
Emma of Alamannia (730-789) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011011 Count Gerold of Vinzgau (725-799) Margrave of the Avarian March and
Prefect of Bavaria
Emma =
daughter of
Generation 43
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001 Hnabi or Nebi (c.
710-c. 788) Alemannic duke md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011000
Hereswind
Hnabi = son of
Generation 44
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011 Huoching
Huoching = ?
son of
Generation 45
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100111 Duke Gotfrid or Godefroy (d. 709) Duke of Alemannia in Bavaria md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110
a daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001101
Theodo of
Bavaria Family of Austrasia
__________________
Family of Treve, Starting with Generation 43, 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011110 Rotrude of Treve
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011110 Rotrude of Treve (690-724) md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111 Charles "The Hammer" Martel (688-741) Mayor of the Palace
of Austrasia and King or Duke of the Franks, won the Battle of Tours in 732,
halting Muslim expansion in Europe.
According
to Wikipedia: "Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Latin: Carolus
Martellus, English: Charles "the Hammer") (ca. 688 – 22 October 741)
was proclaimed Mayor of the Palace and ruled the Franks in the name of a
titular King. Late in his reign he proclaimed himself Duke of the Franks (the
last four years of his reign he did not even bother with the façade of a King)
and by any name was de facto ruler of the Frankish Realms. In 739 he was
offered an office of Roman consul by the Pope, which he rejected
possibly not to conflict with Theodatus Ursus
who already occupied the office by appointment of the Byzantine emperor Leo III
the Isaurian. He expanded his rule over all three of the Frankish kingdoms:
Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy. Martel was born in Herstal, in present-day Belgium, the illegitimate son of Pippin
the Middle and his concubine Alpaida (or Chalpaida). He was described by Louis Gustave and Charles
Strauss in their book "Moslem and Frank; or,
Charles Martel and the rescue of Europe" as a tall, powerfully built man,
who was more agile than his size would lead men to believe. He is best
remembered for winning the Battle of Tours in 732, which has traditionally been
characterized as an event that halted the Islamic expansionism in Europe that
had conquered Iberia."Charles's victory has
often been regarded as decisive for world history, since it preserved western
Europe from Muslim conquest and Islamization." In addition to being the
leader of the army that prevailed at Tours, Charles Martel was a truly giant
figure of the Middle Ages. A brilliant general, he is considered the forefather
of western heavy cavalry, chivalry, founder of the Carolingian Empire (which
was named after him), and a catalyst for the feudal system, which would see
Europe through the Middle Ages. Although some recent scholars have suggested he
was more of a beneficiary of the feudal system than a knowing agent for social
change, others continue to see him as the primary catalyst for the feudal
system."
According
to Wikipedia: "Rotrude of Treves (variously
spelled Chrotrude, Chrotrud,
Rotrude, Chotrude, Chrotude, Chrotrudis), also known
as Rotrou of Treves, was born in 690 in Austrasia;
died 724, daughter of St. Leutwinus, Bishop of
Treves, Bishop of Trier, and Daughter of Chrodobertus
II. She married Charles Martel, son of Pepin of Heristal."
Rotrude
= daughter of
Generation 44
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111101 Saint Leudwinus, Count and Bishop of Treves (660-722) Count and bishop of Trier md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111100 the daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111001 Chrodobertus II
According
to Wikipedia: "Leudwinus (St. Leudwinus, Leutwinus, Lievin, Liutwin) (660 - 722), was
Count and bishop of Trier, 697-715 or 685-704. His parents were Warinus, Count of Poitiers (638-677) and Kunza of Metz, daughter of Clodoule,
Bishop of Metz, making him the great-grandson of Arnulf of Metz. He was buried
at Mettlach.... He married Daughter of Chrodobertus II and they had the
following: Rotrude of Treves who married
Charles Martel."
Leudwinus
= son of
Generation 45
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111011 Warinus, Count of Poitier (638-677 md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111010 Kunza of Metz,
Generation 46
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011110101 Saint Clodulf,
Bishop of Metz AKA Saint Cloud (605-696 or 697), who was
the son of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111101011
Saint Arnulf, Bishop of Metz (b. around 582)
[Overlapping lines. We are also descended from Ansegisel's brother of Clodulf
According to Wikipedia: "Saint Chlodulf
(Clodulphe or Clodould) or
more commonly Saint Cloud (605 – June 8, 696 or June 8, 697, others say May 8,
697) was bishop of Metz approximately from 657 to 697. Chlodulf
was the son of Arnulf, bishop of Metz, and the younger brother of Ansegisel, mayor of the palace of Austrasia. Before his
ordination Chlodulf had married an unknown woman and
had begotten a son called Aunulf. In 657, he became
bishop of Metz, the third successor of his father, and held that office for 40
years. During this time he richly decorated the
cathedral St. Stephen. He also was in close contact with his sister-in-law Saint
Gertrude of Nivelles."
_______________
Family of Austrasia, from Generation 45, 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110 Name Unknown
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110
Name Unknown md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100111 Duke Gotfrid or Godefroy (d. 709) Duke of Alemannia in Bavaria
Name Unknown was the daughter of
Generation 46
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001100 Regintrude of Austrasia md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001101
Theodo of
Bavaria (c. 625-716) AKA Theodo V and Theodo II, Duke of Bavaria 670 or 680 - 716
Regintrude = daughter
of
Generation 47
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001
Dagobert I (603-639) King of Austrasia 623-634 and
King of all the Franks 6290634 and King of Neustria and Burgundy 629-639
"last of the Merovingian Dynasty to wield any real royal power." md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011000
Nanthild (608 or 610-642)
Dagobert
= son of
Generation 48
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110011 Chlothar II or Lothair
(584-629) the Great or the Young, King of Neustria 613-629 King of the Franks md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110010
Haldetrude (575-604)
Chlothar = son of
Generation 49
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001100111 Chilperic I (c. 539 -
584) king of Neustria or Soissons from 561 - 584 md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001100110
Fredegund (d. 597)
Chilperic = son of
Generation 50
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001111
Clothar I (497-562) the Old sole king
of the Franks md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001110 Aregund Overlapping lines. You are also
descended from Clothar I by way of his daughter Blithilde
Clothaire = son of
Generation 51
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110011111 Clovis ( 466- 511) first King of the
Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler. Merovingian.
Considered the founder of France and of the Merovingian dynasty.
"Mary
Magdalene was of royal descent (through the Jewish House of Benjamin) and was the
wife of Jesus, of the House of David. That she was a prostitute was slander
invented by the Church to obscure their true relationship. At the time of the
Crucifixion, she was pregnant. After the Crucifixion, she fled to Gaul, where
she was sheltered by the Jews of Marseille. She gave birth to a daughter, named
Sarah. The bloodline of Jesus and Mary Magdalene became the Merovingian dynasty
of France." Wikipedia about the book The Da Vinci Code
Clovis = son of
Generation
52
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001100111111 Childeric I (437-
c. 481) Merovingian king of the Salian Franks 457-481, "In about 463 in
Orleans, in conjunction with the roman General Aegidius,
who was based in soisson, he defeated the
Visigoths..." md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001111110
Basina Queen of
Thuringia (married him on her own initiative, unusual for that time) (see
Gregory of Tours' Libri Historiarum Book ii 12).
Childeric = son of
Generation 53
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110011111101 Merovech or Meroveus or Merovius (c. 437-481) legendary founder of the
Merovingian dynasty of Salian Franks that later became the dominant Frankish
tribe.
According to another legend, Merovech was conceived when Pharamond's wife encountered a Quinotaur, a sea monster which could change shapes while swimming. Though never stated, it is implied that she was impregnated by it. This legend was related by Fredegar in the seventh century, and may have been known earlier.
Merovech = son of (uncertain)
Generation 54
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011001100111111011 Chlodio (d. c. 450) also Clodio, Clodius, Clodion, Cloio or Chlogio, a king of the Franks
Chlodio = son of (uncertain)
Generation 55
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001111110111 Theudemeres
According to Wikipedia: "Not much is known of Theodemer. According to Gregory of Tours a war broke out between the Franks and the Romans some unknown time after the fall of the usurping Emperor Jovinus (411-413) who had been supported by the Franks. Around 422, a Roman army entered Gaul. King Theodemer and his mother Ascyla were executed by the sword. Theodemer's reign is supposed to be before that of king Chlodio, and the Chronicle of Fredegar makes Chlodio his son.
or also Generation 55
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110110011001111110111 Pharamond or Faramund (c. 365 - 430)
According to Wikipedia: "The story is told of the election of the first Frankish king. It says that after the death of Sunno, his brother Marcomer, leader of the Ampsivarii and Chatti, proposed to the Franks that they should have one single king, contrary to their tradition. The Liber adds that Pharamond, named as Marcomer's son, was chosen as this first king (thus beginning the tradition of long-haired kings of the Franks), and then states that when he died, his son Chlodio was raised up as the next king. The work says no more of him.
Pharmond = son of
Generation 56
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101100110011111101111 Marcomer
According to Wikipedia: "Marcomer (Marcomeres, Marchomer, Marchomir) was a Frankish leader (dux) in the late 4th century who invaded the Roman Empire in the year 388, when the usurper and leader of the whole of Roman Gaul, Magnus Maximus was surrounded in Aquileia by Theodosius I."
__________
Family of Saint Doda, Starting from
Generation 46, with 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110
Saint Doda
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110 Saint Doda (b. around 584) md. around 596 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111111
Saint Arnulf of Metz (582 - 640)
Doda
= daughter of
Generation 47
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101
Arnoald (c. 560 - c. 611) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111100
Oda
According
to Wikipedia: "Arnoald, also called Arnoldus or Arnual (ca 560 – ca
611), was a Bishop of Metz between 601 and 609 or 611, the successor of Agilulf, and a Margrave of Schelde.
He was the son of Ansbertus, a Senator, and wife Blithilde. Married before 584 to Oda (?), born ca 564"
Arnoald
= son of
Generation 48
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011 Ansbertus,
a Senator (505 or c. 535 - 570 or 611) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010
Blithilde (c. 538
- c. 603), daughter of 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110101
Chlothar I,
King of the Franks (497-561) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010
0 Waldrada, a Lombard princess
Merovingian Family
According
to Wikipedia: "Ansbertus (505 or ca 535 – 570 or
611), "Ansbertus nobilissimus
genuit Arnoldum ex Blitchildi filia Clotharii regis Francorum, et Feriolum et Modericum et Tarsiciam.", was a Gallo-Roman Senator. He was the son
of Ferreolus, Senator of Narbonne (b. 470) and his
wife Saint Dode. He was the great-grandson of Tonantius Ferreolus and wife Papianilla. He married Blithilde,
also called Bilichilde (ca 538 – ca 603), "Blithilde filia Clotharii regis Francorum."
or "filiam Hlotharii regis Francorum.", daughter of Chlothar
I, King of the Franks, and wife Waldrada, a Lombard
princess, before 555"
Ansbertus = son of
Generation 49
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111
Ferreolus,
Senator of Narbonne (b. 470 or c. 475) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110110
Saint Dode, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101101
King Chloderic of
the Ripuarian Franks (d. 509) King Cloderic was son of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011011
Sigobert
the Lame (d. c. 509) king of the Franks in the area of Zulpich
and Cologne
According to Wikipedia: "Ferreolus, also called Ferreolus
of Rodez (b. 470 or ca 475) was a Senator of
Narbonne, then Narbo, who lived in Rodez and was also a Senator there. He was the son of Tonantius Ferreolus and wife Industria. Married firstly ca 531 to a Princess of the
Salian Franks, born before 511, daughter of Chlodwig
I, without issue, he later married secondly Saint Dode,
born before 509, daughter of King Chloderic of the
Ripuarian Franks"
According to Wikipedia: "Saint Dode (born before 509) was an Abbess of Saint Pierre de
Reims and a French Saint whose Feast Day is April 24. She was the daughter of Chloderic, King of the Franks, and the sister of Munderic. She married ca 531 Ferreolus,
a Senator in Narbonne, who lived at Rodez and was
also a Senator there."
According
to Wikipedia: "Chlodoric (or Chloderic)
the Parricide (died c. 509) murdered his own father, Sigobert
the Lame, in order to take his kingdom. Chlodoric acted upon the instigation of Clovis I a rival king of the Salian Franks. After Sigobert's
death Clovis then accused Chlodoric of the murder and
had him killed in his turn for the crime. In this way Clovis became king of Sigobert's and Chlodoric's
people. Gregory suggest that Chlodoric
was murdered in the same campaign that also killed the Frankish King Chararic. Before, Clovis had killed King Ragnachar and his brothers. After all these murders Gregory
tells us that Clovis lamented that he had left no family anymore, implying that
amongst his own casualties were close relatives."
Ferreolus
= son of
Generation 50
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101111
Tonantiius Ferreolus (440 or 450 - 511 of after 517) Roman Senator
who lived in Narbonne md. before 475 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101110
Industria of
Narbonne (450 or 465), daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011101
Flavius Probus, Roman Senator md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011100
Eulalia
According
to Wikipedia: "Tonantius Ferreolus
(also called Tonance Ferréol)
(440 or say 450 – 511 or after 517), Vir clarissimus between 507 and 511, was a Roman Senator who lived
in Narbonne, then Narbo, and a Senator of Narbonne
between 479 and 517. He was also present and seen at Rome in 469 and 475 and
was known to be a friend and relative of Sidonius
Apollinaris. He was the son of Tonantius Ferreolus and wife Papianilla. His
wife's name was thought to have been lost to the ages but, according to the
reference below she was Industria of Narbonne, then Narbo, born ca 450 or 465, whom he married before 475,
daughter of Flavius Probus, Roman Senator, and wife Eulalia (?) (a german cousin of Sidonius
Apollinaris). Tonantius Ferreolus
was a witness when Sidonius Apollinaris, then bishop
of Clermont, between 461 and 467, sent a letter to his friend, Donidius, describing a visit he made, a "most
delightful time in the most beautiful country in the company of Tonantius Ferreolus (the elder)
and Apollinaris, the most charming hosts in the world". He was on the
estates of his father when Sidonius Appolinarius visited between 461 and 467. As Sidonius relates, "at Prusianum,
as the other (estate) is called, (the young) Tonantius
and his brothers turned out of their beds for us because we could not be always
dragging our gear about: they are surely the elect among the nobles of our own
age". He was visited by his cousin St. Apollinaris of Valence in
517."
Tonantius Ferreolus = son
of
Generation 51
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011111 Tonantius Ferreolus
(405 or c. 420 - 475) Praetorian Prefect of Gaul) md.
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111110
Papianilla (b.
around 415) niece of Emperor Avitus (c. 385 - after Oct. 17, 456 or in 457), reigned
July 9, 455 - Oct. 17, 456;
According
to Wikiipedia: "Tonantius
Ferreolus (405 or ca 420 – 475), was the Praetorian
Prefect of Gaul (praefectus praetorio
Galliarum) from 451. He was either "personally
related to" or "connected through (...) relatives" with Sidonius
Apollinaris, and was associated with Thaumastus
in the impeachment of Arvandus. He was the son of Ferreolus, born say 390, and wife Syagria,
clarissima femina (?), born
say 390, and thus maternal grandson of Flavius Afranius
Syagrius, Consul in 382. He married Papianilla, clarissima femina, born ca 415, a niece of Emperor Avitus
and the first cousin of another Papianilla, wife of Sidonius Apollinaris, and they had many children, among
whom Tonantius Ferreolus.
She was a partner who shared his troubles, according to Sidonius."
Tonantius
= son of
Generation 52
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111111 Ferreolus (b.
390) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111110
Syagria (b. 390) Family of Ancient Rome
Merovingian Family, From Generation 48, from 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010 Blithilde
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010
Blithilde (c. 538
- c. 603) md. 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111011 Ansbertus a
Senator (505 or c. 535 - 570 or 611) Family
of Ancient Rome
According
to Wikipedia: "Ansbertus (505 or ca 535 – 570 or
611), "Ansbertus nobilissimus
genuit Arnoldum ex Blitchildi filia Clotharii regis Francorum, et Feriolum et Modericum et Tarsiciam.", was a Gallo-Roman Senator. He was the son
of Ferreolus, Senator of Narbonne (b. 470) and his
wife Saint Dode. He was the great-grandson of Tonantius Ferreolus and wife Papianilla. He married Blithilde,
also called Bilichilde (ca 538 – ca 603), "Blithilde filia Clotharii regis Francorum."
or "filiam Hlotharii regis Francorum.", daughter of Chlothar
I, King of the Franks, and wife Waldrada, a Lombard
princess, before 555"
Blithilde = daughter of
Generation 49
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110101 Chlothar I, King of the Franks (497-561) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110100
Waldrada, a Lombard
princess, daughter of 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101001
Wacho
King of the Lombards, reigned 510-539 md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101000
Ostrogotha or
Austrigusa; Wacho or Waccho or Waldchis
was son of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010011
Unchis
According
to Wikipedia: "Chlothar I (or Chlothachar, Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar, giving
rise to Lothair; 497 – 561), called the Old (le
Vieux), King of the Franks, was one of the four sons of Clovis. He was born
about 497 in Soissons (now in Aisne département,
Picardie, France). On the death of his father in 511, he received, as his share
of the kingdom, the town of Soissons, which he made his capital; the cities of
Laon, Noyon, Cambrai, and Maastricht; and the lower course of the Meuse River.
But he was very ambitious, and sought to extend his
domain."
According
to Wikipedia: "Waldrada, widow (firstly) of Theudebald King of the Franks (ruled 548-555 CE),
repudiated wife (secondly) of Clotaire I King of the
Franks (ruled c. 558-561 CE), daughter of Wacho King
of the Lombards (ruled c.510-539 CE) and his second
wife Ostrogotha of the Gepids.
The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wisigarda?secundæ Walderada"
as the two daughters of Wacho and his second wife,
specifying that Waldrada married "Scusuald regis Francorum"
and later "Garipald"[1]. The Historia Langobardorum names "Waldrada"
as Wacho's second daughter by his second wife,
specifying that she married "Chusubald rex
Francorum"[2]. Paulus Diaconus names "Wisigarda?[et]
secunda Walderada" as
the two daughters of King Wacho & his second
wife, specifying that Walderada married "Cusupald alio regi
Francorum" and later "Garipald"[3].
Gregory of Tours names Vuldetrada as the wife of King
Theodebald[4].
Herimannus names "Wanderadam"
wife of "Theodpaldus rex Francorum" when
recording her second marriage to "Lotharius rex patris eius Theodeberti
patruus"[5]. According to Gregory of Tours, King
Clotaire "began to have intercourse" with
the widow of King Theodebald, before "the
bishops complained and he handed her over to Garivald
Duke of Bavaria"[6], which does not imply that King Clotaire
married Waldrada."
According
to Wikipedia: "Wacho or Waccho
(probably Waldchis) was king of the Lombards before
they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps circa 510) until his death in
539. His father was Unichis. Wacho
usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King
Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildchis
fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he
died.[1] Wacho had good relations with the Franks. Wacho married three times. His first marriage was to Radigunde, daughter of Bisinus,
King of the Thuringi. His second marriage was to Austrigusa, a Gepid possibly
named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers. Austrigusa
was the mother of two daughters: Wisigarda (who
married Theudebert I of Austrasia) and Waldrada (who married firstly Theudebald
of Austrasia, secondly Chlothar I, King of the
Franks, and thirdly Garibald I of Bavaria). Wacho's third marriage was to Silinga,
a Heruli-mother of Waltari"
Clothar
= son of
Generation 50
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101011 Clovis (c. 466 - Nov. 27, 511)
converted to Roman Catholicism md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101010
Saint Clotilde (475-545), daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010101
Chilperic II of Burgundy (c. 450-493) md.
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010100
Caretena
According
to Wikipedia: "Clovis
(c. 466 – November 27, 511) was the first king of the Franks to unite all
of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a
group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the
kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the
founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the
next two centuries.
Clovis
was the son of Childeric I, a Merovingian king of the Salian Franks, and
Basina, a Thuringian princess. In 481, at the age of fifteen,[4]
Clovis succeeded his father. He conquered the remaining rump state of the
Western Roman Empire at the Battle of Soissons (486), and by his death in 511
he had conquered much of the northern and western parts of what had formerly
been Roman Gaul.
Clovis
is important in the historiography of France as "the first king of what
would become France". His name is Germanic, composed of the elements hlod ("fame") and wig
("combat"), and is the origin of the later French given name Louis,
borne by 18 kings of France. Dutch, the most closely related modern language to
Frankish, reborrowed the name as Lodewijk from
German in the 12th century.[6]
Clovis
is also significant due to his conversion to Christianity in 496, largely at
the behest of his wife, Clotilde, who would later be venerated as a saint for
this act, celebrated today in both the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox
Church. Clovis was baptized on Christmas Day in 508.[7] The adoption
by Clovis of Catholicism (as opposed to the Arianism of most other Germanic
tribes) led to widespread conversion among the Frankish peoples, to religious
unification across what is now modern-day France, Belgium and Germany, and
three centuries later to Charlemagne's alliance with the Bishop of Rome and in
the middle of the 10th century under Otto I the Great to the consequent birth
of the early Holy Roman Empire.
According to Wikipedia:
"Saint Clotilde (475 – 545), also known as Clotilda or simply Clotild, was the daughter of Chilperic
II of Burgundy and Caretena, and wife of the Frankish
king Clovis I. Venerated as a Saint by Roman Catholics, she was instrumental to
her husband's famous conversion to Christianity and, in her later years, was
known for her almsgiving and penitential works of mercy."
According
to Wikipedia: "Chilperic II (c. 450 – 493) was
the King of Burgundy from 473 until his death, though initially co-ruler with
his father from 463. He began his reign in 473 after the partition of Burgundy
with his brothers Godegisel, Godomar,
and Gundobad; he ruled from Valence and his brothers
ruled respectively from Geneva, Vienne, and Lyon. They were all sons of Gundioch. Sometime in the early 470s
Chilperic was forced to submit to the authority of
the Roman Empire by the magister militum Ecdicius Avitus. In 475 he
probably sheltered an exiled Ecdicius after the
Visigoths had obtained possession of the Auvergne. After his brother Gundobad had removed his other brother Godomar
(Gundomar) in 486, he turned on Chilperic.
In 493 Gundobad assassinated Chilperic
and drowned his wife, Caretena, then exiled their two
daughters, Chroma and Clotilda. Chroma became a nun
and Clotilda fled to her uncle, Godegisel. When the
Frankish king, Clovis I, requested the latter's hand in marriage, Gundobad was unable to decline. Clovis and Godegisel allied against Gundobad
in a long, drawn out civil war."
Wikipedia about the book The Da Vinci Code "Mary Magdalene was of royal descent (through
the Jewish House of Benjamin) and was the wife of Jesus, of the House of David.
That she was a prostitute was slander invented by the Church to obscure their
true relationship. At the time of the Crucifixion, she was pregnant. After the
Crucifixion, she fled to Gaul, where she was sheltered by the Jews of
Marseille. She gave birth to a daughter, named Sarah. The bloodline of Jesus
and Mary Magdalene became the Merovingian dynasty of France."
Clovis = son of
Generation 51
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010111 Childreric I (c. 440 - c. 481) md.
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010110
Queen Basina of Thuringia
According
to Wikipedia: "Childeric I (c. 440– c. 481) was the Merovingian king of
the Salian Franks from 457 until his death, and the father of Clovis. He
succeeded his father Merovech (Latinised
as Meroveus or Merovius) as
king, traditionally in 457 or 458. With his Frankish warband he was established
with his capital at Tournai, on lands which he had received as a foederatus of
the Romans, and for some time he kept the peace with his allies."
According
to Wikipedia: "Basina was queen of Thuringia in the middle of the fifth
century. She left her husband king Bisinus and went
to Roman Gaul. She herself took the initiative to ask for the hand of Childeric
I, king of the Franks, and married him. For as she herself said, "I want
to have the most powerful man in the world, even if I have to cross the ocean
for him". This remark of her may have been related to Childeric's successful
invasion of the Roman Empire and his attempt to settle a Frankish kingdom on
Roman soil. Basina's name is probably Low Franconian for 'female boss'. She is
the mother of the man who is remembered as the founder of the Frankish realm
and modern France. She (not her husband Childeric) named her son Chlodovech, but he is better remembered under his Latinized
name Clovis I. The simple fact that Chlodovech's name
comes from Basina is remarkable since it was a common practice for the Franks
to name a son after a member of the family of the male-line of ancestors.
Through the ages historians have been intrigued by the story of Basina since
she obviously acted as a player and not as bystander — which is not uncommon
for the women of the Franks, but highly uncommon for the Italians."
Childreic
was son of
Generation 52
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110101111 Merovech AKA Meroveus or Merovius (411-457);
According
to Wikipedia: "Merovech
(415-457) is the semi-legendary founder of the Merovingian dynasty of the
Salian Franks (although either Childeric I, his supposed son, or Clovis I, his
supposed grandson, may in fact be the founder), which later became the dominant
Frankish tribe. He is said to be one of several barbarian warlords and kings
that joined forces with the Roman general Aetius against the Huns under Attila
on the Catalaunian fields in Gaul. The first Frankish
royal dynasty called themselves Merovingians ("descendants of Meroveus") after him, although no other historical
evidence exists that Merovech ever lived...
There
is little information about him in the later histories of the Franks. Gregory
of Tours only names him once as the father of Childeric I while putting doubt
on his descent from Chlodio. Many admit today that
this formulation finds its explanation in a legend reported by Fredegar.The Chronicle of Fredegar
interpolated on this reference by Gregory by adding that Merovech
was the son of the queen, Chlodio's wife; but his
father was a sea-god, bestea
Neptuni. Some researchers have noted that Merovech, the Frankish chieftain, may have been the
namesake of a certain god or demigod honored by the Franks prior to their
conversion to Christianity.
Clodio,
the sometime putative father of Merovech, is said to
have been defeated by Flavius Aëtius at Vicus Helena
in Artois in 448. Ian S. Wood would therefore place his son somewhere in the
second half of the fifth century.
Another
theory considers this legend to be the creation of a mythological past needed
to back up the fast-rising Frankish rule in Western Europe."
Generation 53
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101011111 Chlodio (c.
392/395-445/448) md. 0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101011110
Basina, daughter of 0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010111101
Wedelphus, a alleged king of
the Thuringii
According to Wikipedia: "Chlodio (c.
392/395–445/448; also spelled Clodio, Clodius, Clodion,
Cloio
or Chlogio)
was a king of the Salian Franks from the Merovingian dynasty. He was known as
the Long-Haired King and lived in Thuringian territory, at the castle of
Duisburg. He became chief of the Thérouanne area in
414 AD. From there, he invaded the Roman Empire in 428, defeating a Roman force
at Cambrai, and settled in Northern Gaul, where other groups of Salians were
already settled. Although he was attacked by the Romans, he was able to
maintain his position and, 3 years later in 431, he extended his kingdom south
to the Somme River in the future Francia. In AD 448, 20 years after his
reign began, Chlodio was defeated at Vicus Helena in Artois[2] by Flavius Aëtius, the commander of the Roman army in Gaul.
Like all Merovingian kings, Chlodio
had long hair as a ritual custom. His successor may have been Merovech, after whom the dynasty was named 'Merovingian'.
The non-contemporary Liber Historiae Francorum
says his father was Pharamond, whom many believe to
have been a legendary person linked to the lineage sometime in the 8th century.
The Chronicle of Fredegar makes Chlodio son of Theudemeres, one
of the leaders of the Salian Franks and king of Thérouanne
(409–414)."
Chlodio was son
of
Generation 54
0.1101110110110111100110111001101011111101111111010111111 Theodemer
According to Wikipedia: "Theodemer (also Theudomer)
was a Frankish king. He was the son of the Roman commander Richomeres
and his wife Ascyla.
Not much is known of Theodemer.
According to Gregory of Tours a war broke out between the Franks and the Romans
some unknown time after the fall of the usurping Emperor Jovinus
(411-413) who had been supported by the Franks. Around 422, a Roman army
entered Gaul. King Theodemer and his mother Ascyla were executed by the sword. Theodemer's
reign is supposed to be before that of king Chlodio,
and the Chronicle of Fredegar makes Chlodio his son. Theudemeres must
have been a cousin of Arbogastes."
Generation 55
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110101111111 Richomeres md.
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101011111110
Ascyla
According to Wikipedia: "Flavius Richomeres (Richomer) was a Frank who lived in the late 4th century. He
took service in the Roman army and made a career as comes, magister militum, and consul. He was married to Ascyla, with whom he had a son Theodemer,
who became king of the Franks. He was an uncle of the general Arbogastes.
"Around the years 377/378, Richomeres was Comes domesticorum
of Emperor Gratian and was transferred from Gaul to Thracia,
where he was involved in the Gothic wars of Emperor Valens. At Adrianople he
tried to persuade Valens to wait on Gratian for support. When the Gothic leader
Fritigern demanded hostages to secure peace from the
Romans he volunteered and departed the Roman camp to bring the other hostages
safely to Fritigern, but before he arrived some
elements of the two armies got out of control and engaged, starting the famous
Battle of Adrianople. Richomeres ended up at a
battlefield in complete chaos but he saved himself by
withdrawing and survived. However the Roman army of
Valens was largely destroyed and many officers fell including emperor Valens.
"Around 383 he was general in the east (magister
militum per orientem)
and became consul in 384.
"In
388 Theodosius I sent him together with his nephew Arbogastes
and Promotus and Timasius against Magnus Maximus, who
was defeated.
"From
the year 388 he served as supreme commander in the Eastern Empire (comes et
magister utriusque militiae)
until his death in 393. Richomeres was interested in
literature and was acquainted with rhetoricians such as Libanius and Augustinus. He introduced the rhetorician Eugenius to his
nephew Arbogastes. A few years later Arbogastes seized power in the West Roman Empire. After the
death of Valentinian II, Arbogastes promoted Eugenius
to be his Emperor, while he himself remained the leader and generalissimo. In
393 Theodosius I organised a campaign against Arbogastes and Richomeres was asked
to lead the cavalry against his nephew. On the way from the East to the West he
died before the battle took place. Arbogastes lost
the battle and committed suicide with his own sword."
____________
Family of Ancient Rome, Starting from Generation 52, with 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111110 Syagria
0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111110
Syagria (b. 390) md. 0.11011101101101111001101110011010111111011111110111111 Ferreolus (b.
390)
Our earliest known
woman ancestors were Syagria and Papianilla,
a mother and daughter-in-law in the later days of the Roman Empire Born around
390 AD, 53 generations ago, 51 greats grandmother Syagria
was the daughter of a Roman noble, Flavius Afranius Syagrius. Her father was proconsul of Africa in 379,
praetorian prefect of Italy in 380 and 382, prefect of Rome in 381, and consul
in 382. Because of her father's status, she had the honorary title "clarissima femina" which
means "most splendid woman".
Her son, Tonantius Ferreolus, became the
praetorian prefect of Gaul. He married Papianilla,
a niece of Emperor Avitus,who
also had the title "most splendid".
Syagria = daughter of
Generation 53
0.110111011011011110011011100110101111110111111101111101 Flavius Afrius Syagrius,
Consul in 382 (345 - 382)
According to Wikipedia: ""Flavius
Afranius Syagrius (floruit
369-382) was a Roman politician and administrator. Afranius'
father was Clodoreius; it is unknown who his mother
was. Afranius was also a member of the Gallic-Roman
aristocratic family of the Syagrii, which originated
in Lyon. In the same years in which Afranius lived,
another Syagrius is attested (he was consul in 381),
but it is not always possible to distinguish the career of the two Syagri. In 369 he is attested as notarius:
in that year the Roman Emperor Valentinian I removed
him from his office after a failed military operation, and Afranius
dedicated himself to private life. He continued his career under Emperor
Gratian, possibly because of his friendship with the poet Ausonius. Afranius was magister memoriae in
379, when some Theodorus succeeded him. However, that
same year he became Proconsul of Africa. Between June 18, 380, and the Spring
of 382 he is attested as Praetorian prefect of Italy. In 381 he was also praefectus urbi of Rome and Consul
in 382 ."
"Tonantius Ferreolus (405 or ca
420 – 475), was the praetorian prefect of Gaul (praefectus
praetorio Galliarum) from
451. He was either "personally related to" or "connected
through relatives" with Sidonius Apollinaris, and was associated with Thaumastus
in the impeachment of Arvandus. He was the son of Ferreolus, born say 390, and wife Syagria,
clarissima femina, born c.390, and thus maternal grandson of Flavius Afranius Syagrius, Consul in 382.
He married Papianilla, clarissima
femina, born ca 415, a niece of Emperor Avitus and the first cousin of another Papianilla,
wife of Sidonius Apollinaris, and they had many
children, among whom Tonantius Ferreolus.
She was a partner who shared his troubles, according to Sidonius."
Women
and the Law in the Roman Empire: a Sourcebook on
Marriage, Divorce and widowhood by Judith Evans Grubbs:
"By
the second century the wives and daughters of senators were given the title clarissima femina
(“most splendid woman”)... It was clearly a great
honor to be a clarissima, and women who had at one
time enjoyed that title were anxious to retain it even if they married a
non-senatorial man... a woman will be clarissima for
as long as she is married to a senator or clarissimus
or (as long as) having separated from him, she has not married another man of
lower status (dignitas)."
____________________
Aunts, Uncles and Cousins
from Generation 2
Family of Burton H. Denenberg md. Judy Sklair Great-Aunt and Great-Uncle
their children = first cousins
once removed
Joel Denenberg
Fred Denenberg
Family of Alan Denenberg md. (1) Mary Lou Zittman md. (2) Vici Brown, Great-Aunt and Great-Uncle
children of Alan and Mary Lou Zittman = first cousins once removed
Jay Denenberg (b. 1965) md. Lin Fei
their children = second cousins
Dalen Denenberg
Meme Denenberg
Jill Denenberg md. Michael Cohen
their children = second cousins
Haley Cohen
Chole Cohen
Todd Denenberg (b. 1966)
Beth Denenberg (b. 1970) md. Sam
Jordan
their children = second cousins
Abby Jordan
Ellie Jordan
Cole Jordan
Doug Denenberg (b. 1978)
daughter of Alan and Vicki Brown = first cousin once removed
Nicole Denenberg (b. 1991)
Family of Mary Jane Hartley (b. 1937) md. John Carew (1936-1990) Great-Aunt and Great-Uncle
their children = first cousin once removed
Daniel Carew
(b. 1980) md. Dana Begnal
(b. 1959)
their children = second cousins
Katey Carew (b. 1993)
Julia Carew (b. 1995)
John Carew (b. 1961)Mary Beth Carew (b. 1963) md. Rob Romeo (b. 1961)
their children = second cousins
Robert Romeo (b. 1992)
Christina Romeo (b. 1996)
Charles Carew (b. 1965) md. Lisa Cunningham (b. 1964)
Their children = second cousins
Kayla Carew (b. 1999)
Bailey Carew (b. 2001)
Family of Elynor E. Hartley (b. 1939) md. Alan Harrington (c. 1995) Great-Aunt and Great-Uncle
their son = first cousin once removed
Thomas Harrington (b. 1959) md. Deborah Loop (b. 1960)
Family of Charles (Chuck) F. Hartley (b. 1943) md. (1) Elaine Giny, (2) Mary Picard (3) Raven Seltzer (b. 1964) Great-Aunt and Great-Uncle
children of Charles Hartley and Mary Picard = first cousins once removed
Robert
Hartley
Sarah Hartley
from Generation 3
Family
of Charles
Philip Seltzer (1921-2008 Kent,
Portage, OH) md. Mary Evelyn Pailthorp
(1922-2009 Kent, Portage, OH) Great-Great Uncle and Great-Great Aunt
their children = first cousins twice
removed
Nancy Lee Seltzer (b. July 25, 1943, Tacoma Park, MD) md. Victor Myers - now living in Kent, OH
their daughter = second cousin once removed
Heidi
Lynn Myers b. 1973 - md. Tobin Joseph Jurging b. 1976
Their children= third cousins
Porter Alan Jurging b.
2012 (triplets)
Harper Kaylee Jurging b.
2012
Easton Wood Jurging b.
2012
John Philip
Seltzer (b. July 19, 1948, Mineola, NY) md. Joyce
Elaine Templer (b. Oct. 18, 1949
Pittsburg, PA)
their children = second cousin once removed
Amy Christine Seltzer (b. March 6, 1975) md. Eric Paul McAllister (b. 1973)
their children = third cousins
Hannah Elise McAllister
(b. 2002)
Cailyn Anne McAllister
(b. 2005)
Megan Christine McAllister (b. 2008)
Gwendolyn Anne Seltzer (b. Sept. 25, 1976, Niagara Falls, NY) md. Aric Alan Jenkins (b. 1973)
their children = third cousins
Joshua Aric
Jenkins b. 2011
Zachary Philip Jenkins b. 2013
Mary Margaret Seltzer (b. Sept. 17,
1951 Dayton, OH) md. Charles
Rainey Thomas (b. 1950) - now living in Warren, OH
their children = second
cousins once removed
Erica Dawn Thomas b.
1978
Her child = third cousin
Preston Charles
Thomas b. 2008
Brent Jason Thomas b. 1980 md. Elizabeth Shirey b. 1980
David Paul Seltzer (b. May24, 1956 Washington, DC) md. Evangeline (Angie) Louise Settlage
(b. 1955)
their children = second cousins once removed
Carrie Elizabeth Seltzer (b.
1981) md. Matthew John Grosso (b. 1981)
their child = third cousin
Natalie Rose
Grosso (b. 2013)
Laura Marie Seltzer (1987 - 2009)
Ruth Lillian Seltzer (b. Feb. 1, 1961, Dayton,
OH) md. John Gorman (b. 1962) - now living in Kent,
OH
their children = second cousins once removed
Chelsea Jean Gorman (b.
1988)
Tucker William Gorman (b. 1992)
Peter Ray Seltzer (b. June 3, 1965, Warren, OH) md. Jennifer Ingold (b. 1965) - now living in Cuyahoga
Falls, OH
their daughter = second cousin once removed
Emma Elizabeth Seltzer
(b. 2001)
Family
of James
Henry Seltzer (July 7, 1928 -
March 6, 2013) md. Eleanor Kontzi
Great-Great Uncle and Great-Great Aunt
their daughter = first cousin twice removed
Soraja (b. Feb. 20, 1953) md. Walter Buckholtz
Family
of John
Paul Seltzer (b. Nov. 17, 1932) md. (1) March 26, 1956 in Silver Spring,
MD Leoma Isoline Naughton (Nov. 12, 1934 - Oct. 18, 2005) md.
(2) Hilton Crimora (Weaver) (Oct.13,
1922 - Feb. 26, 2000) md. (3) Susan Jane Skellan (b. March 2, 1944) Great-Great Uncle and
Great-Great Aunts
children of Paul and Leoma = first cousins twice removed
Christian Paul (Seltzer) renamed Reiber
after parents divorced (b. March 31,1959), senior director at Optum, a healthcare
advisory division of United Health Group md. (1)
Linda md. (2) Renee, manager of respirator care at
Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa.
children of Chris and Linda = second cousins once removed
Kristy Lynn
her children = second cousins twice removed
Emily
Matthew
Sarabeth
James
child of Chris Reiber
Vincent
Sterling
Linda Leoma Seltzer renamed Reiber
after parents divorced (b. Feb. 18, 1964) md. Kenny
Villar
their adopted children = second cousins once removed
Francesco Villar
Alexis
Villar
child of Paul and Hilly = first cousins twice removed
Cherie Suzanne Seltzer (b. Oct. 19, 1963)
adopted
William Anderson Seltzer (b. Oct. 11, 1952)
Paul's Residences: Silver Spring, Maryland
1932 -1950; Hyattsvillle, Maryland 1958-1963;
Middletown, Maryland 1963-1966; Syracuse, New York 1966-1992; Redondo Beach,
California 1979-1981.
Paul's Schools: Woodside Elementary,
Montgomery Hills Junior High School, Montgomery Blair Senior high
School, - Silver Spring, Maryland; University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland- 1950-1954 -(Bachelor of Arts); Lutheran Theological Seminary,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1954-1958 (Master of Sacred Theology); Drew
University Theological School, Morristown, New Jersey - 1974-1977 )- Doctor
of Ministry
Paul's Occupations:
1)Pastor - Lutheran Church of the Reformation, Washington, D.C.
1958-1963; Zion Lutheran Church, Middletown, Maryland -1963-1966; Atonement
Lutheran Church, Syracuse, New York, 1966-1979
2)
Manager-Antique Furniture Store, Torrance, California 1979-198
3)
Salesman/manager, furniture stores: Dunk and Bright Furniture, Syracuse, New
York; and Sibley’s Department Store, Syracuse, New York 1980-1982.
4)
Owner, manager - Seltzer’s ‘CaterToYou’ catering
business, Syracuse, New York -1982-1992.
5)
Counselor/Trainer, Hospice of Central New York, Syracuse, New York - 1989-1992
6)
Food service manager, acting director at Marywood Conference Center,
Switzerland, Florida -1992-1995.
7)
Co-owner/ manager 'The Enchanted Kitchen’ Bakery/Deli, Mandarin, Florida
1995-1998.
8)
Co-owner/manager Edgewater Bed and Breakfast
Family
of Lewis Stanley Estes (March 31, 1911- Aug. 9, 1978, Philadelphia) md. Jean Brulinski (b. June 18,
1922) Great-Great-Aunt and Great-Great-Uncle
their children = first cousins
twice removed
Robert Lewis Estes (b. June 7, 1947
Philadelphia) md. Kathleen McLean
their children = second cousins once removed
Lewis Joseph Estes (Nov.
21, 1974)
Robert Lewis Estes (June
8, 1978)
Joan Mae Estes (b. Aug. 4, 1941
Philadelphia) data processing, md. Feb. 12, 1966 in Philadelphia Harry Hober,
Jr. (b. Sept. 20, 1940) served in Vietnam, shear operator
their children = second cousins once removed
Michelle Hober (b. Dec. 10, 1967)
Harry Hober III (b. Dec. 9, 1970)
Jason Hober (b. Feb. 10, 1973)
Jeanette Louise Estes (b. Sept. 19, 1957 Philadelphia)
md. April 28, 1979 in
Philadelphia, Edmund Witalec (son of Louis and Helen Stodonoly Witalic of Philadellphia) M/M in US Marine Corps
Lily Margaret Estes (Lillian) (b. Dec. 12, 1909) md.
1929 William Norris Moyer, Jr. (b. Aug. 29, 1906) Great-Great Aunt and
Great-Great Uncle
their children = first cousins
twice removed
William (Billy) Norris Moyer, III (b. Oct. 24,
1935) md. July 26, 1958 in
Philadelphia Blanche Wilkerson (b. Feb. 19, 1939) (daughter of Ira nad Mary Lea Langford Wilkerson)
their children = second cousins once removed
William Norris Moyer IV
(b.Jan. 21, 1959 in Philadelphia)
Craig Wilkerson Moyer
(b. July 28, 1960)
Betty Jane Moyer (b. April 14, 1932) md. June 2, 1956 in
Philadelphia Paul William Knittel, Jr. (b. June 5,
1921 in Philadelphia) served as Lt. Commander in Navy during WW II (son of Paul
William and Marie Miller Knittel of Philadelphia)
their children = second cousins twice removed
Paul Knittel,
III (b. 1957)
David John Knittel (b. 1963)
Virginia Griffith Estes (b.
Jan. 13, 1914-2000) md. June 12, 1937
Edward Robert Jacoby, Jr. (b. June 27, 1914 d. Jan. 1, 1974) Great-Great Aunt and Great-Great Uncle
their children = first counsins
twice removed
Wayne Jacoby (b. Sept. 24,1940) high school teacher
and founder of Global Education Motivators (GEM) md. Agu. 13, 1966 in Cheltenham, PA Joanne Jordan teacher
(daughter of George and Elsie Irvin Jorday of
Cheltenham, PA)
their daughter = second cousin once removed
Leslie Ann Jacoby
Virginia Jacoby (Ginney or
Ginger) (b. Jan. 26, 1945) md. Oct. 16, 1965 in
Philadelphia Charles Thomas Coffman (b. April 18, 1945 in Philadelphia) printer (son of Chales and
Isabella Fuhrmeister Coffman)
their daughters = second cousins once removed
April Lynne Coffman (b.
April 22, 1968)
Amy Dayle Coffman (b.
June 5, 1971)
Agnes Griffith Estes (b. August 20, 1915 in
Philadelphia) md. Sept. 3, 1938
George John Meyers, Jr. (b. May 23, 1916 in Philadelphia) Great-Great Aunt
and Great-Great Uncle
their children = first cousins twice removed
George John Meyers III (b. June 28,1939 in
Philadelphia), warehouseman for Sears, Roebuck md.
May 22, 1971 in Philadelphia Kathleen Julia Pierson (b. Sept. 19, 1946 in
Philadelphia) (daughter of Edward Thomas and Mary Bridget Toner Pierson who was
born in County Louth, Ireland)
their children = second cousins once removed
Gregory Edward Meyers
(b. Feb. 15, 1973 in Cheltenham, PA)
Patrick John Meyers (b. Oct.
31, 1979 in Cheltenham, PA)
James Meyers (b. April 23, 1944 in Philadelphia) served in
Vietnam War on aircraft carrier Enterprise, chief petty officer Md. July 27,
1968 in Philadelphia, Doris Marie Gilhool (b. Oct.
29, 1942) (daughter of James F. and Marie Swanick Gilhool)
their children = second cousins once removed
Diane Marie Meyers (b.
June 9, 1969 in Philadelphia)
James Lewis Meyers (Jan.
22, 1971 in Philadelphia)
Maryanne Meyers (b. Oct.
8, 1975 in Philadelphia)
Rosemary Meyers (b. Feb.
8, 1978 in Philadelphia)
Patricia (Patti) Meyers (b. Nov. 25, 1947 in Philadelphia) md. (1) Nov. 27, 1964 in Darby, PA
Joseph Michael Mauriello md.
2) Nov. 20, 1970 Charles Francis Castagna (b. Jan. 7,
1946 in Philadelphia) (son of Alfonso Peter and Dorothy Ann Margaret Schindeldecker Castagna of Phildelphia)
child of Patricia and Joseph = second cousin once removed
Michael Joseph Mauriello (now Castagna) (b.
April 29, 1966)
children of Patricia and Charles Castagna
= second cousins once removed
Lisa Castagna
(b. Dec. 20, 1971 in Philadelphia)
Felicia Castagna (b. Nov. 9, 1973 in Philadelphia)
David George John Meyers (b. April 6, 1955 in Philadelphia
d. July 6, 1975 in motorcycle accident)
Mildred Elizabeth Estes (b. July 20, 1922
in Philadelphia) md. (2) 1947 Walter Taney Rowland
(b. Dec. 30, 1917, in Prospect Park, PA d. Sept. 16, 1969 in Somers Point, NJ) Great-Great
Aunt and Great-Great-Uncle
children of Mildred and Walter = first cousins twice removed
Joyce Lynne Rowland (b. March
14, 1949 in Somers Point, NJ) md. Jan. 26, 1974 in Somers Point, NJ, Richard Emery Brown (b. March 24,
1949) (son of Edward and Emma Kiefer
Brown of Philadelphia)
their children = second cousins once removed
Keith Richard Brown (b. Dec.
22, 1976, Woodbury, NJ) md. Jan. 10, 2003 Kathleen O'Malley (b. May 18, 1977)
their
children = third cousins
Ella Brown (b. May 6, 2008)
Alyssa Brown (b. June 12, 2010)
Pamela
Leigh Brown (b. Sept. 18, 1979, Woodbury, NJ) md.
Sept. 10, 2005 Derrick Lowe (Jan. 8, 1979)
their children = third cousins
Morgan Lowe (May 7, 2012)
Ryan Lowe (March 2, 2016)
Gay Diane Rowland (b. March 23, 1951) md.
Sept. 30, 1978 in Somers Point, NJ, John Larry Blohm (b. May 22, 1948 in Mansfield, OH) (son of James
Russell and Janice Kendricks Blohm)
their
children = second cousins once removed
Jeff md. Nicole Chominsky
their children = third cousins
Avery Marie Blohm
Everly Roe Blohm
Cindy md. Tony Espinosa
their child =
Zorah Espinosa
Tony's children with another wife
Kenji Espinosa
Naomi Espinosa
Lawrence Walter Rowland (b. Feb. 4, 1955 in Somers Point, NJ)
lance corporal in US Marine Corps, md. Oct. 11, 1975 in Ocean City, NJ, Deborah Ann Foglio
(b. Oc. 6, 1954, Somers Point, NJ) (daughter of Leonard Joseph and Dorothy Ann
McLaughlin Foglio)
their children= second cousins once
removed
Samantha Rowland
Christopher Rowand
From Generation 5
James
Lillian Bogan md. Elizabeth
H. Great-Great-Great Aunt
and Great-Great-Great Uncle
their
children = first cousins three times removed
Mary Anne Harriet Bogan born
Dec. 10, 1877
Ellie Bogan born April 4,
1879
Penrose Marion Bogan born
April 1883
Georgina Bogan born Sept.
10, 1884
Kathleen Bogan born Dec. 12,
1885
Violet Bogan born April 8,
1888
Olive Bogan born Oct. 2, 1892
Willian
Mullins Bogan married Agnes ___ Great-Great-Great Aunt and Great-Great-Great
Uncle
their
children=- frist cousins three times removed
Margaret Patterson born March 30, 1880, married age
19, died age 20 (Laphamore)
James William born March 26, 1882
Robert William Bogan (ran
away to sea before age 14 and died of yellow fever 1903 or 1905)
Amos Frederick Bogan died
1905 md. Annie Vearian Great-Great-Great Aunt and Great-Great-Great-Uncle
their
children - first cousins three times removed
James (navy)
his children = second cousins two times removed
James, college
Belfast
Brian, civil
engineer
Eileen Lily
Annie
her children = second cousins two times removed
Eric
Eden
George
Doreen
Louise
Evelyn Mons
Elizabeth married (in Wesley Chapel) ___ Richards
(Welsh)
their children = second cousins two times removed
Frieda
Gwen (flood Lynmouth)
Dolly
Florrie
George (engineer)
his children = second cousins two times removed
George
Jim
Frederick (killed as
test pilot)
William motor engineer (d. 1964)
his children: = second cousins two times removed
Frederick
Bluebell
William, college in Belfast
Florence md. Alec Dunn
their children = second cousins two times
removed
George Alexander Dunn
Jean Annette married
_______Wells
Highlights (historical, literary, and otherwise notable ancestors)
NAMESAKES OF ADELA AND LILA
Adela
Schipper,
great-grandmother
Adela of
Champagne, Queen of France
Lilias Graham, daughter of the Earl of Montrose and wife of Lord Fleming,
first Earl of Wigton
EXTRAORDINARY WOMEN
Anna Komnene, the first woman historian
(Byzantine princess) (cousin)
Joan Stewart, deaf and dumb princess
Isabella, known as the "She-Wolf", French princess and
English queen
Syagria and Papianilla, "splendid"
ladies of ancient Rome
Alice of Jerusalem, Constance of Antioch, and Agnes of Antioch - princesses of Crusader
kingdoms
Basina, Queen of Thuringia, then Queen of the
Franks, the woman who knew what she wanted and got it
Saint Clotilde, the vengeful saint who
converted France to Christianity
Saint Ludmila, grandmother of "Good
King Wenceslaus" and of his murderer
Saint Olga, the vengeful beauty who converted Russia
to Christianity
Gormflaith, legendary for her beauty
and he wickedness
Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent" the most beautiful woman
in England
Edith the "Gentle Swan" and her love bites
Elizabeth the Cuman, Hungarian queen descended
from Asian invaders
Empress Matilda, first woman ruler of
England
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of France and then
queen of England, crusader
Lady Ingrid Ylva, the white witch
Sophia of Denmark, princess chess player
AMERICAN HISTORY
George Washington (cousin)
Captain Meriweather Lewis of the Lewis and Clarke
Expedition (cousin)
General Robert E. Lee (cousin)
THE SHAKESPEARE COLLECTION
(ANCESTORS WITH CONNECTIONS TO SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS)
King John "Lackland" of England also by way of Edward I's marriage to Eleanor of Castile, also by way of Edward I's marriage to Marguerite of France
King Duncan I
of Scotland who was murdered by
Macbeth
King Malcolm
III of Scotland who killed
Macbeth
Joan
"the Fair Maid of Kent, the mother of King
Richard II
John of Gaunt, the uncle of Richard II, father of King Henry IV, grandfather of King Henry V, and great-grandfather of King Henry VI, a character in Henry VI Part 3
John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who figures
prominently in Henry VI parts 1 and 2
Shakespeare was a stickler
for the genealogy of English royalty, especially in that play, where the
legitimacy of the royal succession is in question.
It's fun comparing his genealogical record with
our ancestry.
We're descended from Joan "the fair maid of Kent", reputedly the most
Beautiful woman in England. She was the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, Earl
of Kent, and she was the granddaughter of King Edward I.
She married, at the age of 12, Thomas Holland, and on his death
she married Edward the Black Prince, first son of King Edward III. Thereby she
was the first princess of Wales.
King Richard II was her son.
Thomas Holland, one of her sons with Thomas Holland, was
our ancestor.
Margaret, the daughter of that Thomas Holland, married John Beaufort, Earl
of Somerset, a prominent character in the Henry VI plays. He was a son of
John of Gaunt, the first Duke of Lancaster, with Katherine Swynford,
his mistress.
The daughter of Margaret Holland and John Beaufort, Joan Beaufort married King
James I of Scotland.
We're descended from them by way of their deaf-mute daughter, Joan Stewart, who
married James Douglas, First Earl of Morton.
That was 18 generations back from Raven and me.
Much of this is shown in the detailed genealogical chart that appears before
the Histories in the Pelican edition of Shakespeare. It is also covered in
the TV series The White Queen.
CRUSADERS
William IX, the Troubador, Duke of Aquitaine, one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101 one of the leaders of
the Crusade of 1101 and the first troubadour/ vernacular lyric poet in the
Occitan language
King Louis IX
of France, Saint Louis
King Philip
III the Bold of France
Isabella of
Aragon, wife of King Philip III
of France, accompanied him on the 8th Crusade, against Tunis
King James I
of Aragon, shipwreck halted his voyage
to the Crusade of 1269
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, second Crusade
Byzantine
Emperor John II Komnenos
Eudes I of Burgundy, participant in Crusade of 1101
William V of
Montpellier, participant in the First
Crusade·
James, Lord
of Avesnes, Conde and Leuze, in the Third Crusade led a detachment of French, Flemish, and Frisian
soldiers. Died in the Battle of Arsuf 1191.
Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, joined Crusade and died
in Cyprus on return in 1101
Alain, a crusader in 1097
Alan fitzFlaad, killed on Crusde in Antioch after 1114
Eleanor of
Aquitaine (a woman Crusader)
Emperor
Baldwin I of Constantinople (1172-1205) also known as
Baldwin VI Count of Hainault and Baldwin IX Count of Flanders. In the Fourth
Crusade the Crusaders conquered Constantinople and made Baldwin emperor
Alexander Stewart, 4th High
Steward of Scotland, said to have accompanied
King Louis IX of France on the Crusade in 1248
Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High
Steward of Scotland, accompanied Richard the Lionheart on the Third Crusade,
patron of the Knights Templar
Emoulf of Hesdin, killed on
crusade at Antioch c. 1100
THE DANTE COLLECTION (ANCESTORS
MENTIONED IN THE DIVINE COMEDY):
Hugh the Great, Duke of
France
King Philip III the Bold of
France
THE SAINT COLLECTION (ANCESTORS WHO WERE SAINTS)
King Louis IX of France (Capet) "Saint Louis" of
the Crusades (1214-1270)
Saint Irene (AKA Piroska of Hungary) (1088 - 1134)
Saint
Vladimir the Great, Prince of Kiev (c. 958 -
July 15, 1015)
Saint Olga of Kiev (c. 890-July 11, 969)
Saint
Adelaide of Italy (931 - Dec. 16, 999)
Matilda of Ringelheim AKA Saint Matilda or Saint Mathilda (c. 895 – March 14, 968)
Saint
Clotilde, wife of Clovis (475-545)
Saint Arnulf of Metz (b. around 582)
Saint Leudwinus (660-772)
Saint Clodulf AKA Saint Cloud (605 - 696
or 697)
KINGS OF ENGLAND (WHO WERE ANCESTORS)
House of Wessex
Egbert, reigned 829-839 (= first king of England)
Ethelwulf, reigned 839-856
Alfred the
Great, reigned 871-899
Harold II (c. 1022 - Oct. 14, 1066)
House of Normandy
William I
"the Conqueror", reigned 1066-1087
Henry I "Beauclerc", reigned
1100-1135
House of Plantagenet
Henry II, reigned 1154-1189 second line with same ancestor third line with same
ancestor
John
I "Lackland" (of the Magna Carta),
reigned 1199-1216
Henry III, reigned 1216-1272 two lines with same ancestor
Edward I "Longshanks", reigned 1272-1307
Edward II, reigned 1307-1327
Edward III, reigned 1327-1377
KINGS OF SCOTLAND
House of Alpin
Kenneth I, reigned 834?-858, conqueror of the Picts, first king of the Scots
Constantine I, reigned 863-877
Donald II, reigned 889-900
Malcolm I, reigned 943-954
Kenneth II, reigned 971-995
Malcolm II, reigned 1005-1034
House of Dunkeld
Duncan I, reigned 1034-1040, killed by Macbeth
Malcom III, reigned 1058-1093, killed Macbeth
David I, reigned 1124-1153
House of Bruce
Robert I (the
Bruce) , reigned 1306-1326
House of Stewart
Robert II, reigned 1371-1390
Robert III, reigned 1390-1406
James I, reigned 1406-1436
James II, reigned 1437-1460
James III, reigned 1451/1452-1488
James IV, reigned 1488-1513
KINGS OF WALES
Rhodri the Great
KINGS OF DUBLIN
Olaf or Amlaib Cuaran (c. 926? - 931)
Brian Boru,
High King of Ireland (c. 941 -
April 23, 1017)
KINGS OF FRANCE
Merovingian Dynasty
Carolingian Dynasty
Charles Martel, reigned 686-741
Pepin the Short, reigned 714-768
Charlemagne d. 814
Louis the
Pious (778-840)
Charles the
Bald (823-877)
Capet Dynasty
Philip I, reigned 1060-1108
Louis VI, reigned 1108-1137
Louis VII, reigned 1137-1180
Philip II, reigned 1180-1223
Louis VIII, reigned 1223-1226
Louis IX,
Saint Louis, reigned 1226-1270
Philip III, reigned 1270-1285
KINGS OF ARAGON AND NAVARRE AKA PAMPLONA AND COUNTS OF BARCELONA
Sancho
Ramirez of Aragon and Navarre
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Alfonso II of
Aragon, reigned 1162-1196
KINGS OF PORTUGAL
DUKES OF BOHEMIA
Boleslaus I (brother of Good
King Wenceslaus, who killed Wenceslaus to get his throne)
DUKES AND KINGS OF POLAND
PRINCES OF KIEV
Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great of Kiev (1076 -
1132)
Vladimir II
Monomakh (1053-1125)
Vsevolod I of Kiev (1030-1093)
Yaroslav I the Wise (978-1054)
Saint
Vladimir I the Great (958-1015)
Prince Igor, reigned 912-914 two lines with same ancestor
Prince Sviatoslav I (c. 942 - March 972)
Sviatopolk II (1050-1113)
Iziaslav I (1024-1078)
KINGS OF DENMARK
King Christian I of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, reigning 1448-1481
King Valdemar I of Denmark (1131-1182)
King
Eric I of Denmark (c. 1060 - 1103)
KINGS OF SWEDEN
Olof Skotkonung (980? - 1021 or
1022?)
Eric the Victorious (945? - c. 995)
HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS·
Charlemagne
BYZANTINE EMPERORS
Emperor Baldwin I of
Constantinople (1172-1205) also known as
Baldwin VI Count of Hainault and Baldwin IX Count of Flanders. In the Fourth
Crusade the Crusaders conquered Constantinople and made Baldwin emperor
John II Komnenos, reigned 1118-1143
Alexios I Komnenos, reighed 1081-1118
Constantine
IX Monomachos, reigned
1042-1055)
EMPEROR OF BULGARIA
ALCHEMISTS
John Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach,
nicknamed The Alchemist
WITCHES
Lady Ingrid Ylva, a white witch
THE CITIES COLLECTION
St. Louis, MO, named for King Louis IX of France (Capet) "Saint Louis" of the Crusades
(1214-1270)
St. Cloud, named for Saint Clodulf AKA Saint Cloud (605 - 696 or 697)
POETRY COLLECTION
William IX, the Troubadour, Duke of Aquitaine
THE OPERAS COLLECTION
Tannhäuser by Wagner, Hermann I, Landgrave of
Thuringia
Lohengrin by Wagner, Henry
the Fowler
THE MOVIE COLLECTION
The Lion in Winter (portraying King Henry II,Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, and King John I of England) by way of Edward I's
marriage to Eleanor of Castile,by way of Edward I's marriage
to Marguerite of France
Braveheart King Robert the Bruce of
Scotland, Willilam "le Hardi"
Douglas, ally of William Wallace, King Edward I of England
Longshanks,
and his son Edward II and his wife Isabella of France. In the movie, King Edward
sends Isabella, his daughter-in-law, to negotiate with Wallace Actually, Edward
II married Isabella a year after his father died and three years after the
execution of Wallace. So the implication that she had
a tryst with Wallace and her son was his is Hollywood fantasy. But she (our
ancestor) was an interesting character in her own right, leading a rebellion
that overthrew her husband and put her young son Edward III on the throne,
with her as regent. She was nicknamed "The She-Wolf of France."
King
Arthur portrays Cerdic of Wessex (d. 534) and Cynric of Wessex, his son, who ruled as King of Wessex. Cerdic was leader of the first group of West Saxons to come
to England in 495. The movie shows he and his son killed in battle by King
Arthur and Sir Lancelot.
The Da Vinci Code (both the book and the
movie) (proposes the theory that Clovis, Merovingian king of
France, was a direct descendant of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene) Wikipedia
about the book The Da Vinci Code "Mary Magdalene was of royal descent
(through the Jewish House of Benjamin) and was the wife of Jesus, of the House
of David. That she was a prostitute was slander invented by the Church to
obscure their true relationship. At the time of the Crucifixion, she was
pregnant. After the Crucifixion, she fled to Gaul, where she was sheltered by
the Jews of Marseille. She gave birth to a daughter, named Sarah. The bloodline
of Jesus and Mary Magdalene became the Merovingian dynasty of France."
Ironically, we had
ancestors on both sides of important historical struggles Our ancestor William Douglas fought
along side William Wallace, but we are also descended from their enemy King
Edward I Longshanks of England, and Robert the Bruce who betrayed Wallace and
then became king of Scotland. We also are descended from both William of Normandy
and King Harold II who clashed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. And we are
descended from Byzantine emperors near the time of the Crusades, and Baldwin,
who the Crusaders installed as emperor after sacking Constantinople in 1204.
Related files
Ancestor Surfing,an Example of
How Wikipedia Can Help to Trace Family Lines Back Over 50 Generations
Extraordinary
Women, My mother
Helen Estes Seltzer died Dec. 28, 2010, at the age of 90. Because of her
life-long interest in family history, in her memory I compiled these profiles
of powerful and strong-willed women among her ancestors, who might inspire her
descendants.
Two of the "Four Queens" Nancy Goldstone's book "Four Queens" gives a panoramic view of
13th century Europe, from the perspectives of four sisters whose marriages made
them queens of France, England, Germany, and Sicily. Two of those queens,
Eleanor, wife of King Henry III of England, and Marguerite, wife of King Louis
IX of France (Saint Louis), were ancestors of mine.
Cary-Estes
Genealogy by May Folk Webb and Patrick Mann Estes, originally published in
1939.
Cary-Estes Moore Genealogy
by Helen Estes Seltzer, originally published in 1981.
Please send feedback to: seltzer@seltzerbooks.com